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prosperity France possessed, independently of
her colonies, exclaimed with emphasis " Have
we not the Orleans' sugar ?" Had this ex-
quisite legislator spoken in Spain, he might
have said, and with more reason,
"Have we not the Malaga sugar?" Three
fourths, perhaps, of the persons who read
these memoirs, are ignorant that on the con-
tinent of Europe, on the southern coast of
Andalusia, at Velez Malaga, in short, the
sugar canes prosper, and yield as good and as
fine sugar as those of Jamaica, or of St.
Domingo. I find in Arthur Young an in-
stance which may be adduced in support of
the opinion which may justly be formed on
French ignorance.

leave to raise corps at their own expence. The dukes of Medina Celi and Infantado were the only noblemen who obtained that favour. They published throughout their (estados) estates that they had received the king's permission to raise men for his service; they admitted none but the sons of substantial persons, and they had numbers to chuse among. The duke of Infantado formed three batallions, furnished them with arms and clothing, gave them field pieces, and paid them until the first time they were reviewed by the king. Although this regiment, at the head of which he was placed, has not remained in the family, he has secured and still pays annuities to the wounded, the wi"I met at Beziers, in a well dressed shop-dows, and the relations of those who died on keeper, with an instance of ignorance which the field of battle. astonished me. He had teazed me with a multitude of foolish questions, and asked me, for the third, or fourth time, what country I came from? I replied, I was a Chinese How far from hence to that place?-Two hundred leagues, replied I-Two hundred leagues! Diable! that's a long way! And another time, a Frenchman, when I told him I was English; asked me, whether we had trees in England? I replied .we had but a few. If we had rivers ?-Oh, none at all. -what! few trees and no rivers, it must be very dull indeed!!"

Ought I not to mention as a characteristic proof of the national spirit, that organization of the sinugglers of the Sierra Morena, who served in the army of Navarre during the whole war? Ubeda, their chief, on learning that war was declared against France, wrote to Don Ventura Caro, general of the army of Navarre, whose life he had saved in a journey which Don Ventura had undertaken, while he was colonel of the Sagunta dragoons. On returning from the camp at Gibraltar to Madrid, Don Ventura was stopt in the Sierra Morena, by a band of smugglers, at the head Major Dalrymple in his tour in Spain re- of which was Ubeda. The cool intrepidity lates a circumstance that proves the attentive he evinced on this critical occasion, pleased readiness of the Spanish nation to oblige. On the chief of the Banditti so well, that he reaching the village del Carpio, he was at- gave him a pass to preserve him from further tracted towards the door of his Posada by the molestation on the road. In fact, Don Venvoice of a young person who was singing tura reached Madrid in perfect safety, and sequidillas (songs of a free description) ac- utterly forgot Ubeda and his band. On companying herself on the guitar. The receipt of the smugglers' offers of service he young men who had gathered round the singer, mentioned them to the Court; and after the perceiving he was listening with attention, king's answer, he accepted their services, and offered him a chair; and the young women sent them passports. Ubeda arrived at the enquired if he understood what she was sing- head of three hundred smugglers, one huning. He having answered in thenegative, she en-dred of whom were on horseback. They bedeavoured to make him comprehend themean- haved with bravery during the war. ing of the verses by reciting them without king has granted Ubeda the rank of Lieutenant Colonel; and he enjoys the preroga tives and appointments attached to his rank; the major part of the smugglers resumed their former occupation, when peace took place, having acquired a species of knowledge which cannot but prove useful to them in their new expeditions.

music.

I have said, that the Spaniard's characteristic features, were as strongly marked as those of the Englishmen. I mentioned, for example, that attachment which he has preserved to all his ancient customs and usages. A period fatal to humanity gave us an incontestible proof of the truth of this. At the time when the cause of God was joined with that of Kings, the enthusiasm among the Spaniards to support the views of their sovereign became general. Forty thousand monks offered to take arms, and run to the frontiers: but the court would not accept their of fers. A Catalonian curate placed himself at the head of his parishioners, and discharged his duty during the war with much distinction, Several grandees solicited |

The

That a grandee of Spain, a man enjoying all the prerogatives of his exalted birth and fortune, should seek by some sacrifices to preserve the rank he owes to the form of his government, is nothing extraordinary; there may be even some selfish considerations in his zeal but for smugglers, highway robbers, who are only stimulated by the allurements of plauder, to whom the law had appointed a gibbet as a reward for their courage, to abandon voluntarily their licentious courses, that

favourable to this apparently well-established firm. That the public fleck in crowds to enjoy the spectacle afforded by the exhibition at Somerset House, is a good sign: but, it is not so decisive of the state of the arts, and artists, as might be imagined. Should the speculations that are afcai prove profitable, it is impossible to foresee how far they may

become safer in time of war, there being none or fewer troops to oppose them: and go to fight the common enemy without hope, not only of reward, but even of what constitutes the first object of their association, pillage; there seems in such a step a stamp of national spirit that cannot escape the eye of the observer.-At the moment when England is rising in mass to oppose a formidable resis-prove cxemplary; or who also may take the tance to her inveterate foe, it may well be doubted, whether the highwayuien have abandoned their respective posts to fly to the defence of their country.

hint, and speculate on profit. Neither can it escape the memory of some, or the observation of others, that a Roval Charter, not under the control of the Academy, may give

In the war of 1793, when the Spaniards," a local habitation and a name," to those repulsed on the river Fluvia, had reason to who at present are not conscious of entertainfear for Catalonia, this faithful though turbu- ing sucl. contemplations. It is well, that lent province, having just experienced a refu- the Royal Academy has not this year desal from the court on certain claims asserted at pended on its own strength. The elder meinthe time, rose in a mass, and at her own ex- bers sare evidently declining, as years advance : pence, to defend her territory. The citizens and the palin of merit is not in this exhiof Barcelona defended that place, "whither bition due to those to whom it was formerly the republicans, according to M. Bourgoing, adjudged, with justice. Such is the state of were called by secret wishes as deliverers." all human establishments! We know not whether the circumstance which took place on St. Peter's day, is a proof of the "secret wishes" formed, as the explenipotentiary, fancies by the inhabitants of Barcelona. One hundred and thirty two French prisoners were massacred by the mob, for having represented on the walls of the St. Augustin district, where they were coufined, the king of Spain under a guillotine. They had also planted a tree of liberty in the cout where they were allowed to walk, and indulged in many revolutionary speeches. Such was the result of the intrigues of agents, whom M. Bourgoing, the last minister from France at the court of Spain, previous to the declaration of war, acknowledges to have been French missionaries.

At this moment, when the treasures of America are wanted to carry on the war, the Generalissimo has made a call on the national spirit of the people, with his king's assent. In all the maritime towns, the clergy, uobility, and citizens, have subscribed for the building of gun boats, and other craft requisite for the protection of the coasts. In the interior, considerable sums have been carried to the royal Treasury; the Archbishop of Seville has subscribed 45,000 reales a month, nearly £700.

EXHIBITION OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY. The state of the arts, like that of the empires and sovereignties of the day, presents various anomalies, which, to a spectator uninterested, though not unconcerned, are matters of reflection. From the nature of its institution, the Royal Academy is the annual fepertory of arts, yet the attempts making by artists of different descriptions to establish themselves as distinct bodies, augur nothing

MR. WEST is not, on the whole, equal to what we have seen him: he presents much merit in parts, but some of his expressions are liable to serious impeachments. We differ toto calo, from those who admire COPLEY this year: we recollect what he has been. NORTHCOTE's Romulus and Remus is, in our opinion, one of his very best performances, yet, unluckily, the wolf has somewhat the air of a hyena, and this gives rather contradictory feelings to the mind of a spectator. The cause of this, as we conjecture, is the too strongly marked appearance of stripes on the wolf's back. WESTALL has hit on some very good characters; his Priam is much more of the feeble old man than most we have seen: \ among his councillors, some appear to be rather vulgar: if the artist chose to make them savage, yet he should have marked them with dignity. W's children have much merit. His holy family is a subject, of which when he has felt the difficulties, he will think less of his present picture. The Venus and Adonis of PHILLIPS, has many passages which shew that his skill is progressive.

THOMPSON has merit, and rising merit, too though there is an unnecessary confusion in his picture of Love's Ingratitude, chiefly occasioned by some false lights about the limbs of the boy, yet the pictures of this artist do credit, not to himself only, but to the state of the arts among us. possess a freedom of manner which makes amends for defects. The artist will under stand what we mean when he comes to touch a proof from the engraving after his picture.

They

WOODFORDE'S picture of the Minstrel has merit: but the attendant has attractions" superior to those of his master: the Minstrel is not precisely that character which we had imaged to ourselves; and the placing him v

on high is injudicious: a vale had been more suitable than a mountain to this performer. WOODFORDE'S portraits bespeak a rising

artist.

DRUMMOND appears to advantage: yet his figure of captain Rogers presenting a pistol at the French boatswain, has the appearance of doing nothing to purpose, for want of a little fire and smoke from the mouth of the pistol: the expression is imperfect, through too minute attention to the point of time.

HALLS should have seen and studied some of WRIGHT of Derby's moonlights: his Hero and Leander has merit, but is not correctly | thought. Leander is too near an approach to the character of Hercules: the whole management of the cast lights in this picture wants revising. This subject was treated by Wright, with all the effect of a hazy night; and in its companion picture, with all the terrors of a

storm.

Among the landscapes there are many pleasing specimens. LOUTHERBOURG is an artist of established reputation. He is a mannerist, to be sure, but that defect is less sensible when bis pictures are seen singly, or in pairs. ARNOLD has merit, and CALLcorr also. The Messrs. Daniells distinguish themselves by their East Indian subjects, which add much to the variety, the interest, and the merit of the room.

There are several thoughts of subjects, from which our capital artists may take valuable hints. What a noble picture might Mr. TURNER make from the "Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah !"

The art of enamel is so exquisitely practised by BONE, that we need not enlarge on its merits. We could be glad that it were always employed on subjects deserving to be perpetuated. This artist's copy of the head of Camden the antiquary, has suggested to us a thought, that he should endeavour to convey to future ages the likenesses of our great and eminent men, in a regular size and series; it were wisely done in our nobility to prevent, the portraits of their ancestors from perishing, as many of them are apt to do, when painted on cloth, or even on pannel, by having them copied in this eternal manner of operation; and either forming galleries of them, or pre

WILKIE'S" Card-players" has many excellent parts and manifests a wonderfully correct eye in point of observation. Yet it is liable to exceptions. The light from the window could not strike the wall furthest from it with half that power which Mr. W. has given it : the gradations on the figures nearest to the window, being once well understood, this becomes evident. The butcher who is pointing, uses precisely the same action as the poli-senting them to some national establishment, tician in "Scotland's Scaithe"-in this, therefore, Mr. W. has repeated himself. The child held by the servant girl, is greatly inferior to the general merit of the piece. But, there are touches in this picture, that are extremely ingenious: the very multiplicity of objects is amusing; in the place where they are found, no objection lies against them, as unlikely or unnatural, and soine of them are admirably made out, yet without

harshness.

a

Among the portraits we must place first those of Sir W. BEECHEY: they are honourable to his pencil; and if they wear as well as we wish them, posterity will acknowledge many obligations to his skill. Perhaps greater body of colour might obviate this remark. OWEN has this year done himself great credit: even beyond our expectations. LAWRENCE has taken uncommon pains with his portrait of Mr. Pitt: he has intended to justify his claims to applause, and he has succeeded. The subject was difficult: but in our apprehension, this picture presents the man. His portrait of Lady Hood is good: but the long naked arm wants an accompaniment. There are many good portraits in the rooms: but these, however interesting to individuals, are of no great moment to the public, general

speaking, and are little susceptible of improvement from remarks, unless made with the pictures themselves present to justify those remarks.

the British Museum, for instance, in which the public might with due veneration commemorate their characters.

Sculpture, this year, displays as much merit as ever we recollect: not that there are so many great works, as we have known, but that the collection is good. There are sundry excellent portraits, models, &e. We cannot praise Mr HOPPER's figure of Mercury: it is deficient in lightness.. It is rather a model of natural life, than an instance of that ideal character which so much attaches art to heroes, deities, &c. because they allow liberty of fancy, and, the imagination in treating them may collect its powers, unite them in the efforts it makes, and direct them ad libitum. This Mercury may carry a load, as well as a message: certainly he is not the swift messenger of Olympus: the extreme of agility, and neatness of form. Mr. CHANTRY'S Bust of Satan," is a bold attempt: but, there is something of a female character in the features, which utterly disagrees with the immense mass of neck, imitated, we know not for what reason, from the Hercules. This Satan is influenced by momentary passion, not by deep malignity, by lasting, concealed, latent, watchful, insidious hatred. Yet such is the character which he should exhibit: that sly mischief making disposition, which Milton has so well expressed, and which is implied in the name serpent, or ́nachash, given to him in the Hebrew scripture.

Architecture boasts of but little that is striking by its superiority over its annual average of merit. We must, however, distinguish Mr. Gandon, this year; his " open temple of the Greeks," though perhaps, could Pausanias behold it, he would not find it much of a resemblance, is nevertheless a performance of great ingenuity and merit.

We desire that our non-specification of many other subjects amply deserving of notice, may be attributed to its true cause, the impossibility of comprising them all in our pages. We readily allow the arts a share in our attention: but, should we attempt to specify artists, to their wishes, we should greatly exceed the limits to which necessity restricts us.

We have some inclination to admonish Dr. Charles Burney, Professor of Ancient Literature to the Royal Academy, on the want of that attention to classical correctness which is manifested by the artists too generally. We are afraid that he does not point out to the youth educated in the academy, the proper course of studies for them to pursue; or the proper models to form that course which should be worthy of their study. Or, do the young men disregard his advice? This we are certain of, that so many false thoughts, so many representations of actions as they could not, probably, (perhaps we might say, possibly have occurred, would not be found in the works of our artists, if they would study their pieces more. We therefore recommend to them learning, science, general information; not pedantry, but that knowledge of persons, places, things, manners, implements, insignia, &c. &c. which may justify the applause of the well-informed, who never can be satisfied with the mere tricks of art, and the performances of the hand, however laboured, or even faithful and exquisite.

The SOCIETY of PAINTERS in WATER COLOURS have, this year, exerted themselves to very good purpose. They have furnished two rooms with performances, many of which are truly honourable to the Arts. We give no opinion on the propriety of their absence from Somerset-House, nor on the advantages to be expected by Art, from a second society starting up, distinct from this, and professedly, with no ill intention against it. Our opinion is, that concord is the means of increasing merit as well as strength and that separations are productive of enmity in the end, whatever be their intention at the beginning. Merit may be so divided and subdivided, that its powers may be frittered away to nothing: and the public, finding so many different (feeble) calls on its attention, may through mere distraction attend to none of them. This is not denying that the new society comprises men of malt, but it is a hit to these and to

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others, to be cautious, lest that merit be comes its own enemy, by rivalship and mismanagement.

In attempting to convey an idea by descrption of the labours of the artists in water colours, we shall say, that many of the landscapes and the effects of their clear-obscure are admirable: that their sites are well chosen, and that the lights of some of them are brilliant, interesting, and varied. We shall not particularise any of these, though we deny not that our judgement distinguished some their united excellence is very striking. Mr. Pococke's drawings of shipping are distinguished by correctness, and by a clever management, which combines expression with effect. Miss Byrne's fruit and flower pieces are admirable: that they do not yet equal works of that description, which we have seen in oil, we admit, but they display talent, and hint very strongly at what may be expected when time shall have matured this lady's abilities.

M. Shelley has some good miniatures: but we think his management of smaller groups is preferable to that of his compositions containing many figures. He is usually graceful and genteel: when we do find him vulgar, it is contrary to our expectation. His Madonna," is no Madonna; his "Chloe in the grot," is too broad in the. body: his "Joy" is not light and airy enough: and his " Nymphs listening to Selim" are crowded, insomuch, that two figures tell for one. These defects notwithstanding, Mr. S. ranks among our first painters in miniature; and has produced pictures every way worthy of being proposed as exemplars of Art.

The application of water colours to history painting derives little estimation from the present collection. Yet from some things that we see, we anticipate superior things. Heaphy's drawings of subjects have great merit. They are managed with uncommon address; their effect of light and shade is generally spirited, their expression and finishing adinirable. The accompaniments are beautifully finished. But we must caution this artist against vulgarity: let him not mistake us; we do not nican simplicity, nor even rusticity but there is such a thing as an ill choice of subject, an ill choice of the moment of time in marking that subject, and an ill choice of character introduced in the mode of telling that subject. Our caution will not be lost, we trust, on his future performances.

We desire to drop a hint to the managers of this society on the mode of hanging the drawings: being glazed, they reflect their opposites on the other side of the room, to their own disadvantage. Perhaps a somewhat greater inclination of the pictures" might obviate this inconveniency.

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NOSE-OLOGY.

from their betters, and by losing their original features, were now marked as flats, by the operative hand of Nature herself.

any reasonable, civilized, polite, social, and I was willing, and am still willing, to let intelligent people, determine this question :but not a wild crew of savages, a banditti allied in feature and manners to Öran Otangs, and monkies: anong whom, to be sure, noseless protiles may pass for charming; I affirm, said I, that a nose is as necessary as eyes to a well-made man: and only those who have no eyes can speak against the nose. Sure I antiquity; neither Jupiter nor Apollo ever am, that the nose was highly esteeined in appears without a nose and what do we think of a noseless Venus? in short, I hinted pretty strongly that the Boschimen were a race, who having lost their noses from causes not at all to their credit, were banished from human society, lest they should disturb the imagination of pregnant women and produce a race monstrous by deficiency. These, said I, have really bred in and in, till they have lost all resemblance to their honest progenitors. Ah, Mr. Editor, my opponent affected to turn up his nose at my argument, but in this I had the advantage of him: yet finding that neither of us would abandon the vindication and honourification too, of our noses respectivethe matter should be proposed to the learned ly, it was at length determined by the club, that societies of Europe, in the manner of a prize question; as follows:-"Given, the

To the Editor of the Literary Panoramu.
SIR;-Your account of Dr. Gall's hypo-
thesis on the craniuinis interesting, and has
given me great satisfaction. I observe, how-
ever, that he has paid little or no attention to
the features of the countenance: which I
very much regret. Being familiarly known
among my acquaintance, by the appellation
of Nosey, or more, correctly perhaps Nosé,
I have particularly studied this part of the
human physiognomy. King William's nose,
you know, Sir, was what is called a Roman
nose, or Aquiline, because it rose in the
middle, somewhat like the beak of that royal
bird, the eagle. My own nose is fully as
prominent in the midst, as was that of our
great deliverer from popery and arbitrary pow-
er. But, Sir, the Chairman of our club,
who is snub-nosed himself, obstinately insists,
that what I call a hundsome nose, is really
preposterous, an unnatural appendage to
the face. Now, it so happens, that since
your article on Mr. Daniel's African Scenery,
was read in the club, we have examined that
work together, and have found that the Bos-
chimen have no nose at all. My friend Snub,
insists that these are the true sous of nature,
unvitiated by any mal-practices of civilization
and, therefore, that these are the correct and
primitive models of human configuration.
The nose, says he, has been unnaturally en-
larged among Europeans, by efforts at more
than ordinary keenness of smell among
those who have studied perfumes and scents,
it has been so unremittingly subjected to the
operations of squeezing, wiping, and in some
instances pulling, that it has assumed a pro-
portion altogether enormous. He proceeded,
the other evening, so far as to say, that he did
not doubt, that by breeding in and in, among
the possessors of the most remarkable of
these additions, that the human nose night
be elongated till it rivalled an elephant's pro-
boscis: but, said he, turning to me, the
increase of the nose, would be no indication
of the increase of wit. You must know,"
Sir, he is a much better speaker than I am,
yet I made bold to answer, that the true
reason why Nature had not bestowed more
nose on these wild Boschimen, certainly was,
because they had no use for it--for what had
they to smell to, in the desarts of Africa?
and as to the use of a handkerchief, it was
unnecessary where noses were unknown.
And indeed, I did not chuse to be judged by
a nation of barbarians, who having lost every
degree of civilization as well as their noses,
had, probably, been degraded and banished

For Craniology and Podology, compare
Panorama, Vol. III. pp. 620, 806, 843, 1292.
+ Idem, Vol. IV. pp. 28, 79.
Vol. IV. [Lit. Pan. June, 1809.]

66

height, length, breadth, depth, thickness, "and solid contents of the human skull in "the temperate zone, that is to say, from "N. lat. 35. to 60. the position of the eyes, "and the mouth; the projection of the chin "and the recession of the forehead, to deter"mine geometrically the proper dimensions of "the nose: its extent at the nostrils: the "opening of the nostrils themselves—the rise into the forehead, and its "of the ridge: the insertion of the same proper situation "in the countenance. The whole to be confirmed by examples, with instances of not conformed to this geometrical propor "the advantages and disadvantages of noses, tion, also rules for the regulation of noses according to the most generally admitted "authorities. The dissertation to be written in "Latin, Greek, Hebrew, English, French, Spanish, Italian, Chinese, Siamese, or

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Japanese,- -or in short, in any language, "living or dead;-and sent to the Office of "the LITERARY PANORAMA, at any time "before Jan. 1st, 1810."

This proposition restored good humour among us; and I hope, Mr. Editor, you will do us the favour to no ice the dissertations as soon as they arrive, which will oblige all the club, and none more than, yours, &

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Ness.

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