The Tariff. Presi dential There was much discussion of the tariff question during President Cleveland's administration-the question being, mainly, whether high duties should be placed on many imported articles, with a view to encouraging American manufactures; or whether low duties should be levied on such articles, with the object of making prices cheaper for the people at large. As a rule, the Republican party favors a higher tariff- that is, higher duties than the Democratic party. At the close of President Cleveland's administration, the tariff question became more and more important, so that the next presidential election (1888) turned very largely upon it. In 1888, the Democratic party again nominated Grover Cleveland of New York; and this time with 1888. Allen G. Thurman of Ohio as vice-president. The Re Election of publican party nominated for president Benjamin Harrison of Indiana, grandson of a previous president; and for vicepresident, Levi P. Morton of New York. There were also, as usual, several nominations by minor parties, but the Republican ticket was successful, having the majority of votes in the electoral college, though not a majority of the total popular vote. Messrs. Harrison and Morton were duly inaugurated, March 4, 1889. BENJAMIN HARRISON. Near the end of President Cleveland's administra North Da Dakota, ton. Wyoming. tion (Feb. 22, 1889) he signed a territorial bill to New States admit four new States North and South Dakota, kota, South Montana and Washington whenever they should form satisfactory State constitutions. This condition Washinghaving been complied with, these four States were admitted by proclamation of President Harrison in November, 1889, in the above order. In July, 1890, Idaho, Idaho and Wyoming were also admitted as States of the Union, thus making the whole number of States 44 States. forty-four. Among these, Wyoming was especially remarkable as being the first new State whose constitution gave the right of suffrage to women on the same terms with men. Besides these States, a new territory, Oklahoma, was created (1890) out of a portion New Terriof what had heretofore been the Indian Territory. Oklahoma. The population of the United States, by the census tory, Statistics. Debt. of 1880, was 50,155,783; and that shown by the census Recent of 1890 will probably exceed 65,000,000. The national Population. debt has diminished (Dec. 1, 1889) to $1,617,372,419.53, National or, after deducting cash in the Treasury, $1,056,081,004.72. By action of the United States Government, an International Exposition, or World's Fair, is to be World's held at Chicago in 1892, or soon after, to celebrate the four-hundredth anniversary of the discovery of America by Columbus. Fair. Shaler's "Time of the Mammoths" ("American Naturalist," iv. 148). Fiction. Matthew's "Behemoth; a Legend of the Mound-Builders." AMERICAN INDIANS. History. Schoolcraft's "History and Condition of the Indian Tribes." Parkman's "Jesuits in America" (Introduction). H. H. Bancroft's "Native Races of the Pacific Coast." Ellis's "The Red Man and the White Man.". History. Prescott's "Conquest of Mexico." Parkman's "Pioneers of France in the New World" and "Discovery of the Great West." T. Irving's "Conquest of Florida." Anderson's "Discovery of America by the Northmen." Voyages and Travels. America." Hakluyt's "Voyages touching the Discovery of Kohl's "Discovery of the East Coast of America" (Maine Hist. Soc., 2d ser., vol. i.). Biography.-W. Irving's "Columbus" and "Companions of Columbus.” Fiction. - Ballantyne's "Norsemen of the West " [Norsemen]. Bird's "Calavar" and "Infidel" [Mexico]. Wallace's "Fair God" [Mexico]. Simms's "Damsel of Darien " [Balboa], “Vasconselos” [De Soto], Poetry. Whittier's "Norsemen." Rogers's "Columbus." NEW ENGLAND COLONIAL HISTORY. History. Palfrey's and Elliott's "New England." Belknap's "New Hampshire." Thompson's "Vermont." Barry's "Massachusetts." Arnold's "Rhode Island." Trumbull's "Connecticut." Young's "Chronicles of the Pilgrims" and "Chronicles of Mass'tts." Lodge's "English Colonies in America." Cheever's "Journal of the Pilgrims at Plymouth." Banvard's "Plymouth and the Pilgrims." Upham's "History of Witchcraft." Mather's "Magnalia." Biography. Winthrop's "Life and Letters." Sparks's "American Biographies:" Vane (vol. iv.), Mather (vi.), Friction. Miss Sedgwick's "Hope Leslie," "New England Tale,” and "Redwood." Mrs. Child's "Hobomok." Hawthorne's "Scarlet Letter," and " House" (in "Twice Told Tales "). Mrs. Cheney's "Peep at the Pilgrims." Holland's "Bay Path." Whittier's "Margaret Smith's Journal." Legends of the Old Province |