sion.

emigrate to New York, where they joined the Five Nations, in 1722. During the French and Indian wars, the French attacked Carolina from Havana; and the colonists were much harmed by these various enemies. They were also very much dissatisfied with the govern- The divi ment of the English proprietors of the soil; and at last they rebelled, imprisoned the secretary of the province, and banished the governor. Finally they petitioned the king of England to buy out the proprietors, and make two royal provinces of the whole. This was done in 1729, after which North and South Carolina were permanently separated. Each province had a royal governor, with an assembly chosen by the people. As time went on, these royal governors became almost as unpopular as those whom the proprietors had before appointed. So the desire for selfgovernment grew stronger and stronger among the people, down to the time of the American Revolution.

GEORGIA.

Oglethorpe

The colony of Georgia was founded by a very re- James markable man, Gen. James Oglethorpe. He became an officer in the British army when very young, and was a great favorite with every one, on account of his courage, fine manners, and good looks. After a time he volunteered for duty in the army of Prince Eugene of Savoy, who was then fighting against the Turks. After distinguishing himself at the siege of Belgrade, Oglethorpe returned to England, and became a member of parliament. While in that position he was particularly interested in the condition of the poor

debtors in England, who were then cruelly treated. This led him to plan a colony, to be established in America, whither all who were poor and unfortunate might come, and all who were persecuted for their reliSettlement gion. So he applied to King George II. for lands to of Georgia. be thus used; and the king gave him a large tract be

Wise

measures

of Oglethorpe.

tween Carolina and Florida. It was quite large enough indeed; for it was supposed to reach to the Pacific Ocean. But, as it had been claimed by both the English and Spanish, there was some doubt about the title to it; and this doubt led to much trouble afterwards. However, Oglethorpe fitted out a colony to his new possessions, in 1733, and went himself as their governor. The colony was named Georgia, after the king. The land was given to Oglethorpe and his associates “in trust for the poor; " and the seal of the colony represented a family of silkworms with a Latin motto, meaning, "Not for themselves, but for others.”

When Oglethorpe first arrived in the wilderness, he pitched his tent under four large pine-trees, where now Savannah stands. This tent was for a year his only abode. He had a royal title to the land; but he took care to pay the Indians of that region for it, and they were always friendly to him. Some of the chiefs presented to him a buffalo-skin, with the head and feathers of an eagle painted on the inner side. They said, "The feathers of the eagle are soft, signifying love; the skin is warm, and is the emblem of protection : therefore love and protect our little families.” Oglethorpe always acted on this request; and he was not only a friend to the Indians, but also to the negroes; and, though slavery existed in the neighboring

colony of South Carolina, he would not have it introduced into Georgia. He said that if slaves were to be introduced into Georgia he could "have no further concern with the colony." He also forbade the importation of rum; and it was not allowed until after his departure.

leys and

Many of the settlers in Georgia were Moravians, a The Wespersecuted sect of Christians from Austria. Some Whitefield. celebrated English preachers came out to visit these people, — John and Charles Wesley, the founders of the great Methodist denomination; and George Whitefield, who founded an "Orphan House" at Savannah, and supported it with sums of money gained by his preaching. But Whitefield was not so consistent as Oglethorpe in one respect; for Whitefield was in favor of slavery, and it was by his influence that it was introduced into Georgia at last, after Oglethorpe's departure. The Wesleys, on the other hand, called slavery "the sum of all villanies."

with the

After a time, when there was war between Spain and Troubles England, Georgia, like Carolina, was led into hostilities Spaniards. with the Spanish colony of Florida. Oglethorpe was made commander of the whole colonial force of a thousand white men and some Indians, and made an attack on St. Augustine in 1740. This failed; and he afterwards had to defend his own colony against an attack of the Spaniards. They came with three thousand men, and landed on St. Simon's Island, where they were at last utterly defeated. Soon after this, Oglethorpe left the colony for England. The other trustees, who had The colony been appointed by the king, were in many respects thorpe's unpopular. Some of their laws were very vexatious;

after Ogle

departure.

Scotch

ers.

Manufac

ture of silk.

as, for instance, that which limited the size of a man's
farm, and that which prohibited women from inheriting
land. After a while there were so many complaints
that they gave up their charter; and Georgia became
a royal province. The king appointed most of the
officers, though there was an Assembly of the people.
General Oglethorpe never came back to America, but
was always a warm friend to it.
He lived to be a very
old man, and was distinguished, when almost ninety, by
his personal eloquence and courtesy. He was one of
the best and noblest men ever connected with the
settlement of America.

Besides the Moravian settlement, there was a HighHighland land settlement, of Scotch Highlanders, in Georgia, whose affection Oglethorpe had first won by wearing the Highland dress when he went to visit them. These Highlanders, like the Moravians, took a good deal of pains about the education of their children, a thing much neglected in the rest of the colony. The people cleared the forests, and occupied themselves in agricul ture, with the aid of their slaves. Great pains were taken by the English Government to encourage the manufacture of silk, and, for a time, it flourished. Persons skilled in the rearing of the worms, and the winding of the silk, were sent out from England; and this industry was continued in Georgia down to the time of the Revolution. General Oglethorpe took to England the first silk that was produced; and the queen had a dress made of it. Georgia never was thickly settled, and was the youngest and weakest of the colonies at the time when the great war broke out that separated them from the mother-country, and united them all into a nation.

CHAPTER XV.

THE INDIAN WARS.

OON after the Pilgrims landed on Plymouth Rock, Samoset

SOON

they saw a few Indians, who ran away. But, in the following spring, an Indian came boldly among them, one day, saying, "Welcome, Englishmen!" This surprised them very much; for they did not know how the stranger could have learned the English language. It turned out that his name was Samoset, and that he lived farther east, along the coast, and had known the English fishermen. Many Indians had made acquaintance with Europeans in this way, and had sometimes been treated badly; so that they were not all as confiding as Samoset. He remained one night with the settlers; and, when he went away, they gave him a knife, a bracelet, and a ring; and he promised to return soon, and bring other Indians with beaver-skins for sale. Ere Massasoit. long he returned, and made the Englishmen acquainted with a chief, called Massasoit, who ruled more men than any one in that region. He soon made a treaty with the colonists in behalf of his tribe; and this treaty lasted more than fifty years. Massasoit was the sachem of the Wampanoags, a tribe that had been very important, though it had just been greatly reduced