The aggregate value of real estate in 1860 was $189,286,287. The aggregate value of personal property was $88,884,115. The aggregate value of railroad property was $12,085,472.

The aggregate number of acres in cultivation in 1880 was 34,511,445.

The aggregate value of real estate in 1880 was $398,338,737. The aggregate value of personal property was $165,091,710. The aggregate value of railroad property was $47,365,259.

These figures show a marvelous progress in the industries which make a State rich and powerful, and the imagination will fail to foretell what is to be the future power or greatness of the State.

PUBLIC CHARITIES.

In 1869, for the better care and protection of the public charities of the State, the Legislature passed an act creating a Board of Public Charities, with power to supervise and direct the management of all the charitable institutions; to examine the grounds, construction of buildings and methods of instruction, general care of the inmates, the expenditure of moneys, and to see that all parts of the State shared equally in the benefits of the several institutions. The board has now been in existence fifteen years, and the wisdom of its creation has been fully attested, for its labors have been crowned with wonderful success, for none of the States exercise a more wise, economical or humane care over its unfortunate citizens.

The board has had the good fortune to secure the services of an unusually competent and devoted Secretary, in the person of the Reverend Frederick Howard Wines, formerly pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, in Springfield, who has consecrated his life to the improvement of the

condition of all classes of the unfortunate, through better organization and administration of the agencies for their relief throughout the United States. Mr. Wines has held the important trust of Secretary of the State Board of Public Charities since its organization.

JUDICIARY.

It is a notable fact that the judiciary of Illinois has been as able as that of any State in the Union, and wholly unsullied in character. There have been but two attempts to impeach its character, and they were in the cases of Theophilus W. Smith and Thomas C. Browne, both members of the Supreme Court. In 1833, there was an effort made to impeach Judge Smith before the General Assembly on some imaginary ground, but the charges were not sustained, and the second and last attempt to remove a Judge was in the case of Mr. Browne, by address of the General Assembly, on some whimsical charge, but this also failed, and thus the judiciary of Illinois stands with an unblemished character.

The following persons have been honored with seats upon the Supreme bench, either by appointment or election, and the Court is now composed of the seven last named: Joseph Phillips, Thomas C. Browne, William P. Foster, Thomas Reynolds, John Reynolds, William Wilson, Samuel D. Lockwood, Theophilus W. Smith, Thomas Ford, Sidney Breese, Walter B. Scates, Samuel H. Treat, Stephen A. Douglas, John D. Caton, James Semple, Richard M. Young, John M. Robinson, Jesse B. Thomas, James Shields, Gustavus Koerner, William A. Denning, Lyman Trumbull, Onias C. Skinner, Corydon Beckwith, Charles B. Lawrence, Anthony Thornton, William K. McAllister, David J. Baker, Pinkney H. Walker, T. Lyle Dickey, Benjamin R. Sheldon, John M. Scott, John Scholfield, John H. Mulkey, Alfred M. Craig.

Norman L. Freeman has been Reporter of the Supreme Court since April, 1863.

In the recent death of Judge Charles B. Lawrence, the legal profession has lost one of its ablest and most honored members. Mr. Lawrence succeeded Judge Beckwith upon the Supreme bench in January, 1864, and was succeeded by Judge Craig in 1873, when he devoted himself to the practice of his profession.

With an honest and untrammeled ballot, and a pure judiciary to construe the laws, Illinois will ever remain in the front rank of the great States of the National Union.