women who have been foremost in the school work, we feel free to select the following as having been intimately connected with our educational advancement: Newton Bateman, W. H. Powell, C. E. Hovey, Bronson Murray, Simeon Wright, B. G. Roots, Prof. J. V. N. Standish, W. H. Wells, W. M. Beeker, Dr. Richard Edwards, Ninian W. Edwards, George Howland. J. L. Pickard, E. C. Delano. Thomas Metcalf, H. L. Boltwood, E. L. Wells, E. A. Gastman, Andrew M. Brooks, Flavel Mosely, John C. Dore, Miss Harriet N. Haskell, Miss Anna P. Sill, Mrs. Thomas A. Wood Shimer, Henry Raab, George Bunsen, Julian M. Sturtevant, James H. Blodgett, Dr. Samuel Willard, W. B. Powell, Prof. J. B. Turner, D. S. Wentworth, Samuel M. Etter, James P. Slade, S. W. Moulton, Dr. E. C. Hewett, Dr. Robert Allyn, and David A. Wallace. Messrs. N. W. Edwards, W. H. Powell, Bateman, John P. Brooks, Etter, Slade and Raab, have each been honored with the office of Superintendent of Public Instruction, while all of the others have been active workers and held many high trusts in our schools and colleges.

Mr. Edwards was appointed Superintendent of Public Instruction by Governor Matteson in 1854, and held the office until January, 1857, when Mr. Powell became his successor through election by the people. Mr. Bateman was elected to the office five different times.

As an auxiliary to the school work, a number of excellent school periodicals and journals have been established in the State, the first of which was the Illinois Teacher, published from 1855 to 1872. It was first established by the State Teachers' Association, but later was published as a private enterprise by N. C. Nason, of Peoria. It exercised a marked influence in leading and shaping public opinion upon school questions. Among the journals in existence now, we take pleasure in mentioning the Illinois School

Journal, published by John W. Cook, at Normal; Present Age, Practical Teacher, and the School Master, of Chicago.

To review the history of the intellectual advancement of Illinois during the sixty-six years she has been one of the sovereign States of the National Union, is to conclude that, under wise direction and liberal and judicious legislation, we shall continue to advance in literature, art, science and good government.

CHAPTER XVII.

EIGHTH GENERAL ASSEMBLY-1832-34.

The Eighth General Assembly convened December 3, 1832, and adjourned March 2, 1833. Lieut.-Gov. Casey having resigned, Wm. L. D. Ewing was elected President pro tempore of the Senate, and Jesse B. Thomas, Jr., Secretary. Alex. M. Jenkins was elected Speaker of the House, and David Prickett Clerk.

An able and influential member of this General Assembly was John T. Stuart, of Sangamon. Mr. Stuart was born in Kentucky, November 10, 1807; he graduated at Centerville College, Danville, and having studied law, settled in Illinois. Abraham Lincoln studied law under him. Mr. Stuart served three terms in Congress-183941-43 and 1863-65-the first two with ex-President John Quincy Adams, from whom he learned the useful lesson, that it was "better to wear out than rust out." Though advanced in years, Mr. Stuart is yet hale and hearty. He is the oldest ex-member of Congress and practicing lawyer in the State, being the senior member of the well-known law firm of Stuart, Edwards & Brown.

John Dement, of Franklin, was elected Treasurer in February, 1831.

Gov. Reynolds was elected to Congress in 1834, and resigned the office of Governor November 17, when acting Lieut.-Gov. Ewing became Governor.

Gov. Reynolds was born in Montgomery county, Pennsylvania, February 26, 1789, of Irish parents, who landed in Philadelphia in 1786; he belonged to a company of scouts in the campaigns against the Indians, in 1812 and 1813; he was a lawyer by profession, and prior to his election as Governor, he was a Justice of the Supreme Court, and served one term in the Legislature; he commanded the Illinois volunteers during the Black Hawk war, 1832; he served in the Legislature from 1846 to 1848, and ¡from 1852 to 1854; the last term he was Speaker; he published a pioneer history of Illinois in 1848; "Glance at the Crystal Palace, and Sketches of Travel," in 1854; "My Life and Times," in 1855, and at one time he conducted the Belleville Eagle, a daily paper. He died at Belleville May 8, 1865.

MORMON War.

Among our early intestine troubles was the Mormon war, led by Joseph Smith, who first organized the Mormon Society, at Fayette, New York, June 1, 1830. It then numbered but thirty members. In 1831, the whole church removed, temporarily, to Kirtland, Ohio, and subsequently located at Independence, Missouri. At that time the sect numbered nearly 2,000. Their assumptions of superiority, their intolerance of "gentiles," and their antislavery opinions, made them obnoxious to the people of Missouri. In 1838, the whole colony was violently expelled from that State, and in 1839, the society, in a body, came to Illinois, settling in Hancock county, where they founded a city called Nauvoo. The colony now numbered some 15,000, and among the new accessions were Brigham Young, Orson Hyde, Herber C. Kimball, and Parley P. Pratt. As in Missouri, they soon became unpopular, and

for a series of years there was an open state of warfare existing between them and the "gentiles." Their leaders were repeatedly arrested for violations of law. In June, 1844, there was an uprising of the Mormons against the laws of the State, and Gov. Ford took the field in person, with a militia force, to keep the peace. Joseph Smith and Hiram, his brother, and two or three other leaders, were surrendered to the Governor, upon his pledge of the honor of the State that they should have a fair trial. They were lodged in jail at Carthage, but during the afternoon of June 27th, a mob of 200 disguised men assembled at the jail, overpowered the guard, and shot and killed both of the Smiths. (See Ford's History.)

At the death of Joseph Smith, Brigham Young was elected President, and he hurried forward the building of the great temple, which had been begun by Smith, but from that time forward there was a reign of terror in that section, and Nauvoo was fairly besieged. The temple was completed one day and demolished the next. The war was varied by arson and secret murder, on both sides. In January, 1846, the "high council" announced that a final home was to be sought beyond the Rocky Mountains. The emigration commenced in the following month, but in September, the impatient people of the neighborhood poured in and drove out the little remnant with file and sword. They settled at Salt Lake, Utah, which was then a part of the possessions of Mexico, and since it became a Territory of the United States, the Mormons have given the General Government quite as much trouble as they gave Illinois.

STATE GOVERNMENT-1834-38.

The fifth State government was inaugurated December 3, 1834, with Joseph Duncan, of Morgan, as Governor; Alex. M. Jenkins, of Jackson, Lieutenant-Governor; Alex. P. Field, of Union, Secretary of State; James P. B. Stapp,

of Fayette, Auditor of Public Accounts; John Dement, of Franklin, Treasurer; Ninian W. Edwards, of Sangamon, Attorney-General.

The Ninth General Assembly convened December 1, 1834, and adjourned February 13, 1835. It convened again December 7, 1835, and adjourned January 18, 1836. Lieut.Gov. Jenkins presided over the Senate, and Leonard White was elected Secretary. James Semple was elected Speaker of the House, and David Prickett Clerk.

One of the eminent men of this General Assembly was Adam W. Snyder, of Belleville. He was the Democratic nominee for Governor in 1842, but died before the election, when Thomas Ford was nominated in his stead. He was buried at Belleville, and on his tombstone is inscribed these words: "Ye men of genius, tread lightly o'er his grave: he was your kinsman."

Thomas Mather was another member of this body who became widely known, and exercised a controlling influence in the political affairs of the State.

INDIAN WARS.

Like all the Territories of the United States, Illinois had her trials with the Indians, of which there were many tribes, whose conflicts among themselves were more frequent than with the whites, which kept the Territorial, State and National authorities under arms for many years in order to subdue them. In 1827, we had what is called the Winnebago War. In June of that year we had an engagement with the Winnebagoes in the Galena country, in which their Chief, Red Bird, was compelled to surrender, which terminated the war. Red Bird was kept in jail a long time, and we are told by Ford that he died in prison the victim of regret and sorrow for the loss of his liberty. The Black Hawk War, which is minutely described by Ford, prevailed from the spring of 1831 to ugust 1832, and culminated in the battle of Bad Axe, on