แ pendent and national administration, as well as full liberty of 66 worship, of legislation, of commerce, and of navigation. "ART. XXIX.-The right of garrison of the Sublime Porte, "as stipulated by anterior regulations, is maintained. No armed "intervention can take place in Servia without previous agreement "between the High Contracting Powers. "ART. XXX.-His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias and "His Majesty the Sultan maintain, in its integrity, the state of their possessions in Asia, such as it legally existed before the rupture. "In order to prevent all local dispute the line of frontier shall be "verified, and, if necessary, rectified, without any prejudice as regards territory being sustained by either party. 66 "For this purpose a Mixed Commission, composed of two Russian "Commissioners, two Ottoman Commissioners, one English Com"missioner, and one French Commissioner, shall be sent to the spot immediately after the re-establishment of diplomatic relations "between the Court of Russia and the Sublime Porte. Its labours "shall be completed within the period of eight months after the exchange of the ratifications of the present Treaty. 66 66 "ART. XXXI.-The territories occupied during the war by the troops of their Majesties the Queen of the United Kingdom of "Great Britain and Ireland, the Emperor of Austria, the Emperor "of the French, and the King of Sardinia, according to the terms of "the Conventions signed at Constantinople on the twelfth of March, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, between Great Britain, "France, and the Sublime Porte; on the fourteenth of June of the same year between Austria and the Sublime Porte; and on the "fifteenth of March, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, "between Sardinia and the Sublime Porte; shall be evacuated as soon as possible after the exchange of the ratifications of the present Treaty. The periods and the means of execution shall "form the object of an arrangement between the Sublime Porte and the Powers whose troops have occupied its territory. 66 66 "ART. XXXII.-Until the Treaties or Conventions which ex"isted before the war between the belligerent Powers have been "either renewed or replaced by new Acts, commerce of importation or of exportation shall take place reciprocally on the footing of the "regulations in force before the war; and in all other matters their "subjects shall be respectively treated upon the footing of the most "favoured nation. 66 " ART. XXXIII.-The Convention concluded this day between "their Majesties the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain "and Ireland, the Emperor of the French, on the one part, and His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, on the other part, re66 specting the Aland Islands, is and remains annexed to the present Treaty, and shall have the same force and validity as if it formed a part thereof. 66 LL "ART. XXXIV.-The present Treaty shall be ratified, and the "ratifications shall be exchanged at Paris in the space of four weeks, 66 or sooner if possible. "In witness whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed "the same, and have affixed thereto the seal of their arms. "Done at Paris, the thirtieth day of the month of March, in the "year one thousand eight hundred and fifty-six." (The Signatures follow.) ADDITIONAL AND TRANSITORY ARTICLE. "The stipulations of the Convention respecting the Straits, signed "this day, shall not be applicable to the vessels of war employed by "the belligerent Powers for the evacuation, by sea, of the territories "occupied by their armies; but the said stipulations shall resume "their entire effect as soon as the evacuation shall be terminated. "Done at Paris, the thirtieth day of the month of March, in the year one thousand eight hundred and fifty-six." 66 66 1. 66 66 66 (The Signatures follow.) CONVENTIONS ANNEXED TO THE PRECEDING TREATY. Convention between Her Majesty, the Emperor of Austria, the Emperor of the French, the King of Prussia, the Emperor of "Russia, and the King of Sardinia, on the one part, and the "Sultan, on the other part, respecting the Straits of the Dar"danelles and of the Bosphorus. Signed at Paris, March 30, "1856. [Ratifications exchanged at Paris, April 27, 1856.] "In the Name of Almighty God. "Their Majesties the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great "Britain and Ireland, the Emperor of Austria, the Emperor of the "French, the King of Prussia, the Emperor of all the Russias, signing parties to the Convention of the thirteenth day of July, one thousand eight hundred and forty-one; and His Majesty the King of Sardinia; wishing to record in common their unanimous "determination to conform to the ancient rule of the Ottoman Empire, according to which the Straits of the Dardanelles and of "the Bosphorus are closed to foreign ships of war, so long as the "Porte is at peace; 66 "Their said Majesties, on the one part, and His Majesty the "Sultan, on the other, have resolved to renew the Convention con"cluded at London on the thirteenth day of July, one thousand "eight hundred and forty-one, with the exception of some modi"fications of detail which do not affect the principle upon which it "rests. "In consequence their said Majesties have named for that purpose as their Plenipotentiaries, that is to say: "Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain "and Ireland, the Earl of Clarendon and Baron Cowley; His "Majesty the Emperor of Austria, the Count of Buol-Schauenstein "and Baron de Hübner; His Majesty the Emperor of the French, "Count Colonna Walewski and Baron de Bourqueney; His Majesty "the King of Prussia, the Baron de Manteuffel and the Count of "Hatzfeldt Wildenburg-Schoenstein; His Majesty the Emperor of "all the Russias, Count Orloff and Baron de Brunnow; His Majesty "the King of Sardinia, the Count of Cavour and the Marquis de "Villa-Marina; and His Majesty the Emperor of the Ottomans, "Mouhammed Emin Aali Pasha and Mehemmed Djemil Bey; who, "after having exchanged their full powers, found in good and due "form, have agreed upon the following Articles :— "ART. I.—His Majesty the Sultan, on the one part, declares that "he is firmly resolved to maintain for the future the principle invariably established as the ancient rule of his Empire, and in "virtue of which it has, at all times, been prohibited for the ships "of war of foreign Powers to enter the Straits of the Dardanelles "and of the Bosphorus; and that, so long as the Porte is at peace, "His Majesty will admit no foreign ship of war into the said "Straits. แ "And their Majesties the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great "Britain and Ireland, the Emperor of Austria, the Emperor of the French, the King of Prussia, the Emperor of all the Russias, and "the King of Sardinia, on the other part, engage to respect this "determination of the Sultan, and to conform themselves to the principle above declared. "ART. II.-The Sultan reserves to himself, as in past times, to "deliver firmans of passage for light vessels under flag of war, "which shall be employed, as is usual, in the service of the missions "of foreign Powers. "ART. III.-The same exception applies to the light vessels under "flag of war which each of the Contracting Powers is authorized to "station at the mouths of the Danube in order to secure the execu"tion of the regulations relative to the liberty of that river, and "the number of which is not to exceed two for each Power. "ART. IV. The present Convention, annexed to the General "Treaty signed at Paris this day, shall be ratified, and the ratifica"tions shall be exchanged in the space of four weeks, or sooner if "possible. "In witness whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed "the same, and have affixed thereto the seal of their arms. "Done at Paris, the thirtieth day of the month of March, in the year one thousand eight hundred and fifty-six." (The Signatures follow.) "2.-Convention between the Emperor of Russia "In the Name of Almighty God. and the Sultan, Signed at Paris, Paris, April 27, "His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, and His Imperial "Majesty the Sultan, taking into consideration the principle of the "neutralization of the Black Sea established by the preliminaries "contained in the Protocol No. 1, signed at Paris on the twenty"fifth of February of the present year, and wishing, in consequence, "to regulate by common agreement the number and the force of "the light vessels which they have reserved to themselves to main"tain in the Black Sea for the service of their coasts, have resolved "to sign, with that view, a special Convention, and have named for "that purpose: "His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, the Count Orloff "and Baron de Brunnow; and His Majesty the Emperor of the "Ottomans, Mouhammed Emin Aali Pasha and Mehemmed Djemil Bey; who, after having exchanged their full powers, found in 66 good and due form, have agreed upon the following Articles :"ART. I.-The High Contracting Parties mutually engage not to "have in the Black Sea any other vessels of war than those of "which the number, the force, and the dimensions are hereinafter "stipulated. "ART. II.-The High Contracting Parties reserve to themselves "each to maintain in that sea six steam-vessels of fifty mètres in "length at the line of floatation, of a tonnage of eight hundred tons "at the maximum, and four light steam or sailing vessels of a 66 tonnage which shall not exceed two hundred tons each. "ART. III.-The present Convention, annexed to the General Treaty signed at Paris this day, shall be ratified, and the ratifica"tions shall be exchanged in the space of four weeks, or sooner, if "possible. In witness whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed "the same and have affixed thereto the seal of their arms. "Done at Paris, the thirtieth day of the month of March, in the year one thousand eight hundred and fifty-six." (The Signatures follow.) "3.-Convention between Her Majesty, the Emperor of the French, "and the Emperor of Russia, respecting the Aland Islands. "Signed at Paris, March 30, 1856. [Ratifications exchanged "at Paris, April 27, 1856.] "In the Name of Almighty God. "Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain "and Ireland, His Majesty the Emperor of the French, and His "Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, wishing to extend to the "Baltic Sea the harmony so happily re-established between them "in the East, and thereby to consolidate the benefits of the general 66 peace, have resolved to conclude a Convention, and have named "for that purpose: "Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain "and Ireland, the Earl of Clarendon and Baron Cowley; His Majesty the Emperor of the French, Count Colonna Walewski "and Baron de Bourqueney; and His Majesty the Emperor of all "the Russias, Count Orloff and Baron de Brunnow; who, after "having exchanged their full powers, found in good and due form, "have agreed upon the following Articles : : "ART. I.—His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, in order "to respond to the desire which has been expressed to him by their "Majesties the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and "Ireland, and the Emperor of the French, declares that the Aland "Islands shall not be fortified, and that no military or naval esta"blishment shall be maintained or created there. "ART. II.—The present Convention, annexed to the General "Treaty signed at Paris this day, shall be ratified, and the ratifica"tions shall be exchanged in the space of four weeks, or sooner, if "possible. "In witness whereof, the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed "the same, and have affixed thereto the seal of their arms. "Done at Paris, the thirtieth day of the month of March, in the year one thousand eight hundred and fifty-six." (The Signatures follow.) The firman referred to in the Ninth Article of the Treaty of Paris is as follows. See also De Martens. "Firman and Hatti-Sheriff by the Sultan, governing the Condition "of non-Mussulman and Christian Subjects of the Porte.— February 18, 1856. "Let it be done as herein set forth. To you my Grand Vizier, "Mehemed Emin Aali Pasha, decorated with my Imperial Order "of the Medjidiyé of the first class, and with the Order of Personal "Merit; may God grant to you greatness and increase your power. "It has been my most earnest desire to ensure the happiness of "all classes of the subjects whom Divine Providence has placed "under my Imperial sceptre, and since my accession to the throne "I have not ceased to direct all my efforts to the attainment of that "end. "Thanks to the Almighty, these unceasing efforts have already "been productive of numerous useful results. From day to day "the happiness of the nation and the wealth of my dominions go on "augmenting. |