in the place, was shattered by several shells. Vaughan, Mo.; Brigadier-General Taylor; BrigaA turreted white house at the lower end of the dier-General Cummings; Brigadier-General Gardcity, belonging to a St. Louis lawyer, but recent-ner; Brigadier-General Barton; Brigadier-Genely occupied by General Pemberton's headquar- ral Withers, La. ters, was also an object of interest, as the gardengrounds were ploughed up by shells of all sizes. Some of the inhabitants had amused themselves by piling up in front of the house the fragments of iron and whole shells. We estimate that some of them had a ton of iron, which had fallen within the grounds. All of the horses and most of the mules are wretchedly poor. Scarcely a single horse could be found in serviceable condition.

Vicksburgh has been called the City of a Hundred Hills. We fancy that is the number included within the limits of the fortifications. Never was place better calculated for field fortifications. It abounds in good sites for batteries, and the earth has just that degree of cohesiveness which makes it work easily. The place is full of steep ravines; two little streams enter the river at either end of the town, but the inhabitants use cistern water.

Pemberton, as is well known, is a Philadelphian by birth, who early in life married a Southern lady, and has since cast his lot with that section. He has been a trusted friend of Jeff Davis, and was by him intrusted with the special defence of Vicksburgh. He denies having made the speech attributed to him about "the last dog," etc. It must have been invented probably by Johnston, and published to raise the hopes of his army.

General Forney is an Alabamian, but has failed to distinguish himself very favorably. Stevenson is the next officer in rank to Pemberton, and Smith next to Stevenson. General Bowen was formerly an architect in St. Louis, and was a captured officer at Camp Jackson. BrigadierGeneral Tracy, of the rebel army, was wounded at Port Gibson, and has since died. BrigadierGeneral Martin Green, of Mo., was killed on the The works describe a crescent shape around twenty-fifth ult. Brigadier-General Baldwin is the city, with one point curved inward. The wounded in hospital. Colonel Jacob Thompson, circuit is eight miles. There are along the line of Mississippi, acting as aid-de-camp on the staff a hundred cannon, stationed behind small eleva- of General Pemberton, and who has been one of tions, of all sizes, from six to twenty-four-pound- his chief counsellors, is missing, and is supposed ers, and further to the rear are a few guns of to have made his escape during the siege or since heavy calibre. The terrible havoc of our storm the surrender. A very strict watch has been of shells is visible in the torn and gashed para-thrown around the prisoners now, however. pets, the little craters formed in the banks, and the fragments of shell lying in profusion.

The officers and men will be paroled at once, and allowed to march out with their side-arms and three days' provisions, on the Jackson road. Their destination is said to be a parole-camp at Talladega, Alabama.

The following is the form of parole administered to the prisoners :

Perhaps the greatest curiosities, as they are novelties in warfare, were half a dozen little wooden mortars, turned out of a wooden block, and resembling somewhat a wagon-hub. These had been invented as a safe and easy method of tossing over the twelve-pounder shells into our saps and mines, where we had supposed them to be thrown by hand. They were charged with about an ounce of powder, the lanyard pulled from a rat-hole, and all danger from a premature explosion avoided. The charge of the powder was so graduated as just to throw the shell out-of the capitulation of the city of Vicksburgh and side the work.

The trenches and pits, though originally very elaborately designed, were neither so large nor so well constructed as our own. In fact, they seem to have been engaged, for the most part, in constructing nooks and caves in which to avoid our shots and the explosion of our shells, which

at times covered them with earth and dust.

Among the prisoners are one lieutenant general, four major-generals, fifteen brigadiers, and eighty staff-officers. The names of the former are as follows:

Lieutenant-General John C. Pemberton, Pa.

VICKSBURGH, MISSISSIPPI, July, 1863. To All Whom it May Concern, Know Ye That: volunteers, C. S. A., being a prisoner of war in I, A- B of company, regiment the hands of the United States forces, in virtue

its garrison, by Lieutenant-General John C. Pemof July, 1863, do, in pursuance of the terms of berton, C. S. A., commanding, on the fourth day said capitulation, give this my solemn parole un

der oath :

That I will not take up arms again against the United States, nor serve in any military, police, or constabulary force in any fort, garrison, or America, against the United States of America; field-work held by the confederate States of nor as guard of prisons, depots, or stores, nor discharge any duty usually performed by soldiers against the United States of America, until duly exchanged by the proper authorities.

Sworn to and subscribed before me, at Vicksburgh, on the day of July, 1863. and Paroling Officer.

Major-General Stevenson, Ala.; Major-General Martin Luther Smith, La.; Major-General Forney, Ala.; Major-General Bowen, Mo.; Brigadier-General Lee, -; Brigadier-General Moore, La.; Brigadier-General Hebert, La.; Brigadier- In the thirty-one thousand inhabitants, there General Abraham Buford, Ky.; Brigadier-Gene- were three thousand citizens and a thousand neral Schoepff; Brigadier-General Baldwin; Briga-groes. Their status is not defined, it would apdier-General Harris, Tenn.; Brigadier-General pear from the correspondence, but it is under

stood that they will be required to take either the oath of allegiance or leave the city soon. In the mean time they will have to be fed. Of food there is very little left. Even the secret hoards had all been brought out before the surrender. Something of their sufferings may be understood when we discover that flour was actually sold at ten dollars per pound or two hundred dollars a barrel; sugar, one dollar and seventy-five cents; corn, ten dollars a bushel; bacon, five dollars a pound; rum, one hundred dollars a gallon, and other things in proportion.

General Pemberton, it is said, refused to allow the citizens to draw from the army stores, insisting that the private stock in the city should be used for that purpose. Mr. Genella, a prominent merchant in this city, being accused of extortion in this matter, publishes a card in vindication of his character.

The principal part of the female population is composed of the wives and families of the foreign population, the husbands and supporters of which have long ago been forced into the rebel army. Numbers of these undoubtedly drew rations from the army stores. Beside them were a few ladies of good family, the wives of officers, and a few of the residents of the town. These were not free of their presence after our occupation. We met a few who were unbroken in spirit, and seemed to call down maledictions upon the pestilent Yankees. The most of them appeared to be stricken with all the sadness of adversity, and crushed beneath a weight of suffering and sorrow. When we consider that these people-men, women, and children-have, for a month and a half, been in daily terror of their lives, never being able to sleep a night at their homes, but crawling into caves, unable to move except in the few peaceful intervals in the heat of the day, we may appreciate what a life of horror was theirs.

About three thousand wounded are to be found in the hospitals. About four hundred and fifty have been buried by the rebels.

Among the principal sufferers are General Green, who was killed, General Baldwin wounded, Colonel Erwin killed, Major Hoadley killed, Lieutenant-Colonel Griffin killed.

Of the citizens, Mike Donovan wounded, and the following ladies: Mrs. Cisco killed, Mrs. C. W. Peters killed, Mrs. Major T. B. Reed, Mrs. W. S. Hazard, Mrs. W. H. Clements, Miss Lucy Rawlings, and Miss Ellen Canovan wounded, and Miss Holly killed. A child of Mrs. Jones's was killed by a shell while sitting in the entrance of the cave. One of the most wonderful things of the siege is the fact that ladies, following the example of the men, have actually promenaded the streets in numbers during the bombardment, priding themselves on their ability to dodge the shells.

Some of the most remarkable escapes are reported. Persons have been buried with the shower of dirt thrown up by shells in front of them. Others have had their clothing torn from them, their faces blackened with powder, and other strange escapes. Perhaps the most noticeable case is that of a shell which fell through the Citizen office while the power press was running, and although the shell burst under a room full of people no one was hurt.

Indeed, the coolness of these people under the terrible fire is most astonishing. They have become as familiar with the sound and symptom of bomb, Parrott, and columbiad as to be able to designate them and their course with unerring certainty. Such a fire-baptism has given them something of the salamandrine character. As one of them described the philosophy to me: If you see a shell burst above you, stand still, unless it is very high; if it be the sound of a ParThese caves, indeed, are among the most curious rott, the shot has passed before you heard it; features of this life in a besieged city. In several alarm is needless, and so on. No men in the places the streets are cut through the bluff, and world have ever been called upon to endure so in the walls rows of caverns have been hewn, re-heavy a fire, and none we fancy would now prove sembling somewhat the appearance of a burrow such splendid artillerists. of rabbits. Most of these are shaped like the let- Vicksburgh was, in the outbreak of the rebelter Y, the stem forming the main entrance, and lion, a city containing some very rabid secessionbranching out some seven feet. Into these sub-ists, and also some very staunch Union mėn. terranean pits the inhabitants would crawl so of Two years and a half of revolutionary misrule ten as the guns and mortars opened out what has left the city half destroyed, the people begpromised to be a heavy fire. As many as twen-gared, and the adjacent country ruined. These ty-five have been crowded into one hole. sight of these poor creatures flying

"With blanket in the alarm of fear caught up,"

The

miserable agitators have brought upon themselves a heavy vengeance. Now their sentiments, such of them as remain and have any reason left, see to what a sad extremity they are reduced, and we make free to say that they are glad to be restored once more to the dominion of the national authority. Of all the rest, the bless

was both ludicrous and melancholy. The cry would go up from the irreverent soldiers, "Rats, to your holes," as women and children huddled into the bank. The men generally remained out-ings of our advent will convert them to the cause. side, or sought shelter in the bombproofs and magazines nearer the batteries.

It is surprising that the injuries to the citizens have not been greater. The incessant rain of shells and balls, which at times resembled the fall of hail, seems for the most part to have fallen hurtess into the ramparts of solid earth.

Neither Nashville, nor Memphis, nor New-Orleans, underwent the scourge which Vicksburgh has felt. We predict the love of these few remaining people will be all the more ardent for the Union that they have so long defied its army and navy, and have suffered so profound a humiliation. A few of them pretend to see a five

years' vengeance for this stroke; we, however, see, if it were possible, five years taken from the length of the war at a single blow.

The conclusion of so brilliant a campaign naturally suggests the idea that it is due in great part to the superior management and energy of the superior commander. It is true that General Grant is one of the steadiest and hardest work

We have seen no conflict between the two parties, the victors and the vanquished, as yet. All day to-day and yesterday, the knots of sol-ers in the army. For two years he has been diers have been busily engaged in discussing the merits of their respective battles, and the old, old issue of the right of their rebellion. Many of our men are offering their haversacks and canteens to the rebels. Many of the steamboat men recognize old acquaintances. Here are loyal and disloyal Missourians fraternizing, (and in one case fighting,) and a few brothers and cousins are greeting each other with a strange sense of their relationship.

Upon one point the rebel officers are complaining. In their negotiations they show the anxiety to save their negro servants as "personal property," but this our leader could not yield. No sooner were we in, than the recruiting officers commenced their unique system of recruiting, much to the chagrin of the rebels. In one or two cases, appeals have been made to General Grant, who replies that these men are free to go or remain, upon a fair understanding of their new state in life.

V. THE CAMPAIGN IN THE SOUTH-WEST.

The first grand result of this step is the consequent fall of Port Hudson and the reëstablishment of the supremacy of our arms the entire length of the Mississippi. General Grant has some days since despatched an offer of assistance to General Banks in anticipation of this result. It is probable that a few days more will see a fleet of transports moving toward that point if the news does not sooner reach us that it has shared the same fate as Vicksburgh.

almost constantly in the field, and in the last twelve months has had no respite, not having been further north than Cairo. His pushing, resolute qualities, together with the invincible bravery of his troops, have given him victory over his enemy, where more cautious and more finished officers would have faltered. He is deservedly high in the esteem of the entire army. He has been ably seconded in his efforts by Generals Sherman and McPherson, the former by his tireless brain and the latter by his executive dash. The navy, under Admiral Porter, has always coöperated with him when asked to do so. It does not appear, however, that the opportunities for distinction have been so favorable as during the command of the lamented Admiral Foote.

DIARY OF A CITIZEN IN VICKSBURGH DURING THE
SIEGE.

Sunday, May seventeenth, 1863, opened on Vicksburgh with a forbidding and threatening aspect. On the day previous the Federal forces had overthrown General Pemberton's army, and driven it back to the trenches immediately in the rear of Vicksburgh. Great consternation prevailed among the inhabitants of the city of a hundred hills, as the defeated and demoralized remnant of the confederate army was straggling back to town in disorder and confusion, dismayed and discouraged. Their loss had been heavy, having suffered from a continued series of disasters since the landing of the Federal army. They Every effort of the enemy thus far to interrupt had been on a continued march, and had gone the line of communication by the river has failed. through a succession of fights for the two precedOur magnificent transports still steam proudly ing weeks, fatigued, disheartened, suffering from up and down in almost the same security as be- hunger and from the want of water. As Genfore. The guerrillas have proved to be a hum-eral Pemberton, with his escort, arrived in town bug, and there is now a probability that they will unite their numbers and cross to the east side to help out the desperate fortunes of Johnston. At any rate we can now spare leisure and force to assail them.

from the battle-field at Big Black, a general feeling of distrust was expressed in his competency, and the place was regarded as lost. Every one expected General Grant's army to march into Vicksburgh that night, while there was no means of defence and no spirit in the troops. General Pemberton set to work in reorganizing the army for the last desperate struggle. General Baldwin went out to review the line of defences, and discovering that the first assault would be made on the left wing, he petitioned the Commanding General to be assigned to hold that position with his veteran troops, upon whose fidelity and courage he could depend, and with whom he felt fully confident of holding the point, and was accordingly assigned to that position.

The next business in hand is to drive off Johnston, and already Sherman is on the way to meet him with a strong army. We entertain no doubt but that Johnston will be obliged to fall back beyond Canton. All the rolling stock now collected between Jackson and Panola must fall into our hands or be destroyed. The six locomotives and fifty cars captured at Vicksburgh will be put to use, and it would not be astonishing if Jackson were held. After Port Hudson shall have fallen, Mobile will probably be invested from the land side. Rosecrans by that time may have reached Monday, June 18.-It was in this deplorthe Tennessee River; the area of the rebellion able condition that the morning of the anniwill thereby be reduced to one third of its di-versary which first brought the enemy under mensions. Johnston is shown to be an ordinary mortal, and Sherman is quite able to take care of him.

Admiral Farragut in sight of the city one year ago, found us on this occasion. Things did not look encouraging in the least-the enemy was

two fires. This, however, did not interfere with the men in the ditches. The shelling in front also was harmless, and did not prevent the women and children from going about their usual avocations. About the hour of midnight the gunboat again attacked the lower batteries, and

no doubt between Vicksburgh and Big Black the rear opened on the city'in opposite directions; River-the troops were scattered and dismayed-thus the non-combatants were placed between General Pemberton was both chagrined and provoked at the previous disaster, and declared that he would "sink Vicksburgh and his army together." The people regarded the place as already at the mercy of the enemy, and for the first time since the siege did they lose their hope of holding the city. The army was placed in posi-a heavy artillery duel was kept up till morning. tion on the lines, and placed in the ditches, with General Baldwin on the left and General Lee on the right. The centre was held by Generals Pemberton, Smith, and Forney. The morning of the day was quiet, and no indications of the enemy's approach were visible until three o'clock P.M., when guns were heard toward the left. The firing soon became more rapid, and extended further along the line as night approached. The Federal forces were engaged with their light artillery in shelling the ditches. Several charges were made and successfully repulsed, and the sharp-rapidity of the firing, and toward night the arshooters continued firing through the greater part of the night. In the mean time the confederate lines were strengthened, the army recruited, and confidence restored.

Tuesday, May nineteenth, every thing opened bright and cheerfully; full and universal confidence was now entertained by the whole army that the place could be held until succor arrived. Now all was hope and encouragement. Having held the enemy at bay on the day previous, no one feared the final issue. Early in the morning the enemy again advanced and made a desperate attempt to charge, but were repulsed with heavy loss. Again and again did the serried ranks approach the ditches which were spitting forth death and destruction in their midst. The struggle finally extended along the whole line, with but trivial loss to the men in the trenches. The loss of the enemy could not be ascertained. At the close of the day, the firing ceased along the lines, and quiet was restored. At one o'clock at night one of the gunboats below engaged the lower batteries, and continued firing until daylight. The battery sustaining no damage, mained silent until morning, when a few shots were exchanged, and the boat withdrew.

Thursday, May 21.-This morning the strife again opened pretty much in the same manner as the previous three days. But little artillery firing was heard until late in the afternoon, and the firing was more confined to the centre than before. The attacking party had changed the position of some of their gunscharges were also made. A vigorous storm of severe wind and rain came up in the afternoon, allaying the intolerable dust and cooling the atmosphere. This seemed only to increase the

tillery practice was remarkably brisk. One gunboat also engaged the lower battery at long-range for some hours. About four o'clock P.M. the mortars on the opposite side of the city opened, and being located at a very eligible point, they were enabled to throw their shells to every quarter of the city, and the town became virtually untenable. The main target of the mortars seemed to be General Pemberton's headquarters. Further and further the deadly missiles reached over the devoted city, and the people began to look about for places of safety. Many had provided themselves with places of shelter by means of caves which had been dug under the hundred hills of the city. As night approached, the scene became more boisterous and furious. The lower gunboats also opened on the batteries, and, in conjunction with the mortars, kept up an incessant and tumultuous shelling, creating a noise and confusion worse confounded. In the mean time the battle raged in all its fury around the breastworks in the rear.

Friday, May 22.-The morning of this day re-opened in the same manner as the previous one had closed. There had been no lull in the shelling all night, and as daylight approached it grew Wednesday morning, May twentieth, the Fed- more rapid and furious. Early in the morning, eral sharp-shooters again opened a promiscuous too, the battle began to rage in the rear. A terand random fire along the whole extent of the rible onslaught was made on the centre first, and lines. There being no occasion for the confed- then extended further to the left, where a terrific erates to waste ammunition without effecting struggle took place, resulting in the repulse of the any thing, they reserved their fire and kept silent. attacking party. Four gunboats also came up to Several charges were made on the right, occupied engage the batteries. At this time the scene preby General Lee's division, but all resulted in a sented an awfully sublime and terrific spectaclefailure to storm the works. It had been sus- three points being attacked at once, to wit, the pected on the evening before, from the move- rifle-pits by the army in the rear, the city by the ments of the fleet, that preparations were mak-mortars opposite, and the batteries by the guning to attack the city in front, and the mortars brought into position during the night. A Parrott gun also devoted some time to shelling the city from the rear. In the morning the sharpshooters again opened the fight, and the light artillery soon joined in the boisterous demonstration; and the mortars which were placed in position during the night, and the Parrott gun in

boats. Such cannonading and shelling has perhaps scarcely ever been equalled, and the city was entirely untenable, though women and children were on the streets. It was not safe from behind or before, and every part of the city was alike within range of the Federal guns. The gunboats withdrew after a short engagement, but the mortars kept up the shelling, and the armies continued

fighting all day. Several desperate charges were made in force against the lines without accomplishing their object. It would require the pen of a poet to depict the awful sublimity of this day's work-the incessant booming of cannon and the banging of small arms, intermingled with the howling of shells, and the whistling of Minie balls, made the day truly most hideous.

Saturday, May 23.-In the morning there was a good deal of shelling from the mortars and gunboats for an hour or two, after which every thing was silent. The firing along the lines, which began right lively in the morning, also became feeble, and ceased almost entirely toward the middle of the day. In the afternoon shelling commenced again by the mortars, and continued throughout the entire night. The range of the shells appeared to extend over the whole city, and three mortars were employed in throwing the missiles. In the night Commodore Porter started a barge loaded with coal from the upper fleet to the boats below, which was discovered on passing by Vicksburgh and secured at the wharf.

Sunday, May 24.-On this morning firing commenced early toward our right and continued at slow intervals through the forenoon. Later in the day the mortars played upon the city with great fury. A continual war was kept up to the close of the day, and through the night until next morning.

Monday, May 25.-The same boisterous and belligerent demonstrations were still going on and presented nothing different from the preceding six days. Along the lines every thing was quiet, which was occasioned by a flag of truce to bury the dead. At five P.M. the mortars again commenced with a fury heretofore unknown, and rained a perfect storm of shells for some fifteen - minutes, when it ceased, and every thing became quiet.

Tuesday, May 26.-The sharp-shooters were again at work at an early hour, and considerable artillery firing was also heard on the lines. In front the mortars remained silent up to nine A.M., when they began with a liveliness that indicated a general demolition of the City of a Hundred Hills. This lasted about two hours, and then slacked off until about ten P.M., when they again commenced and continued up to night, shelling over the whole extent of the city. Along the lines there was not much firing until toward night, when a brisk artillery duel was heard. During the night the shelling was continued at intervals until next morning,

whose performances resembled the continual cutting of wood by a hundred choppers. Artillery firing was quite rapid early in the morning, but the mortars were silent. Most of the day was passed in silence, and only an occasional shell was hurled into the city. Toward night a slight rain passed over, which caused a cessation of firing for a short time, after which the mortars again commenced with great rapidity, throwing a great number of shells into the heart of the city. In the night the firing was slow and only at long intervals. Very little damage was done to the houses.

Friday, May 29.-About four o'clock A.M. the Federals opened a terrible fire along the line, and their shells all over the city. The air was filled with missiles of death, and so many were overhead at once that the report of the guns could not be heard from the continual roaring and whirring of the shells through the air. The affair lasted about two hours, after which quietness was restored, and but little annoyance was experienced during the remainder of the day, until five P.M., when another fire was opened similar to the attack in the morning. The artillery roared savagely and continued about one hour. In the night the boats again attacked the lower batteries, and kept up the engagement about one hour. The mortars also made night hideous with the roaring and bursting of shells. On this night the courthouse was struck for the first time, killing two men and wounding four.

Saturday, May 30.-This morning opened contrary to expectations, as all looked for another shelling from the lines; but the morning came and brought no shelling with it. Only an occasional bomb was thrown during the forenoon, and but little firing was heard on the lines. About seven P.M. the mortars commenced shelling the town very rapidly, and continued nearly the whole night. The gunboats were also engaged in shelling the lower batteries. In the night a party of confederate soldiers made a trip to the sunken gunboat Cincinnati, and succeeded in setting fire to her.

Sunday, May 31.-On this morning the Federal artillerists were put to work at an early hour, having opened their batteries at three A.M., with great fury, which was continued about one hour. As the morning advanced silence was restored. The day was very quiet, and religious services were performed in all the houses of worship. As the shades of night spread over the earth, the mortars again opened on the city, casting once in a minute, which was continued during the whole night.

Wednesday, May 27.-Nothing different from the preceding day was observable this morning. The mortars were shelling the city, and the sharp- Monday, June 1.-Hostilities again became ramshooters were popping away along the line. Four pant at three o'clock A.M., and the firing was kept gunboats again attacked the lower batteries at up with about the same rapidity as on the pr long-range. At the same time the gunboat Cin-vious mornings. A general attack was expected, cinnati came down to engage the upper water- had been expected during the night, and Ĝeneral batteries, which resulted in her destruction. After this adventure the firing ceased along the lines as well as on the river.

Thursday morning, May 28-Was ushered in by the chop, chop, chop of the sharp-shooters,

Pemberton was on the lines in person all night. After night the mortars again commenced, as well as the batteries on the lines, and shelled the pits with merciless ferocity. In the middle of the night an incendiary applied the torch to the store of J.