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with the Objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two-thirds of that House, it shall become a Law. But in all such cases the Votes of both Houses shall be determined by Yeas and Nays, and the Names of the Persons voting for and against the Bill shall be entered on the Journal of each House respectively. If any Bill shall not be returned by the President within ten Days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the Same shall be a Law, in like Manner as if he ⚫ had signed it, unless the Congress by their Adjournment prevent its Return, in which Case it shall not be a Law.

To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces; To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions;

To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the Militia according to the Discipline prescribed by Congress;

To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Every Order, Resolution, or Vote to Cession of particular States, and the which the Concurrence of the Senate and Acceptance of Congress, become the Seat House of Representatives may be neces- of the Government of the United States, sary (except on a question of Adjourn- and to exercise like Authority over all ment) shall be presented to the President Places purchased by the Consent of the of the United States; and before the Same Legislature of the State in which the Same shall take Effect, shall be approved by him, shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magaor being disapproved by him, shall be re-zines, Arsenals, Dock-Yards, and other passed by two-thirds of the Senate and needful Buildings;-And House of Representatives, according to the Rules and Limitations prescribed in the Case of a Bill.

Section VIII.-The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States;

To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.

Section IX. The Migration or Importation of such Persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the Year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a Tax or duty may be To regulate Commerce with foreign Na-imposed on such Importation, not exceedtions, and among the several States, and ing ten dollars for each Person. with the Indian Tribes;

To borrow Money on the credit of the United States;

To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States; To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures;

To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and current Coin of the United States;

To establish Post Offices and post Roads; To promote the progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries;

To constitute Tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court;

To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high Seas, and Offences against the Law of Nations;

To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water;

To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years;

To provide and maintain a Navy;

The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it.

No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed.

No Capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be laid, unless in Proportion to the Census or Enumeration herein before directed to be taken.

No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from any State.

No Preference shall be given by any Regulation of Commerce or Revenue to the Ports of one State over those of another: nor shall Vessels bound to, or from, one State, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay Duties in another.

No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropri ations made by Law; and a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from time to time.

No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United States: And no Person holding any office of Profit or Trust under them, shall, without the Consent of the Congress,

accept of any present, Emolument, Office, | there be more than one who have such or Title, of any kind whatever, from any Majority, and have an equal Number of King, Prince, or foreign State. Votes, then the House of Representatives Section X-No State shall enter into any shall immediately choose by Ballot one of Treaty, Alliance, or Confederation; grant them for President; and if no Person have Letters of Marque and Reprisal; coin a Majority, then from the five highest on Money; emit Bills of Credit; make any the List the said House shall in like manThing but gold and silver Coin a Tender ner choose the President. But in choosing in Payment of Debts; pass any Bill of At- the President, the Votes shall be taken by tainder, ex post facto Law, or Law impair-States, the Representation from each State ing the Obligation of Contracts, or grant any Title of Nobility.

No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay any Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection Laws: and the net Produce of all Duties and Imposts, laid by any State on Imports or Exports, shall be for the Use of the Treasury of the United States; and all such Laws shall be subject to the Revision and Control of the Congress.

No State shall, without the Consent of Congress, lay any Duty on Tonnage, keep Troops, or Ships of War in time of Peace, enter into any Agreement or Compact with another State, or with a foreign Power, or engage in War, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent Danger as will not admit of Delay.

ARTICLE II.

having one Vote; A Quorum for this purpose shall consist of a Member or Members from two-thirds of the States, and a Major ity of all the States shall be necessary to a Choice. In every case, after the Choice of the President, the Person having the greatest Number of Votes of the Electors shall be the Vice President. But if there should remain two or more who have equal Votes, the Senate shall choose from them by Ballot the Vice President.]

The Congress may determine the Time of chusing the Electors, and the Day on which they shall give their Votes; which Day shall be the same throughout the United States.

No person except a natural-born Citizen, or a Citizen of the United States, at the time of the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the Office of President; neither shall any Person be eligible to that Office who shall not have attained to fourteen Years a Resident within the the Age of thirty-five Years, and been United States.

In case of the Removal of the President

Section I.-The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with the Vice President, chosen from Office, or of his Death, Resignation, for the same Term, be elected as follows: Each State shall appoint, in such man-Duties of the said Office, the same shall or Inability to discharge the Powers and ner as the Legislature thereof may direct, devolve on the Vice President, and the a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives Congress may by Law provide for the to which the State may be entitled in the Inability, both of the President and Vice Case of Removal, Death, Resignation, or Congress: but no Senator or Representa- President, declaring what Officer shall then tive, or Person holding an Office of Trust act as President, and such Officer shall act or Profit under the United States, shall be accordingly, until the Disability be reappointed an Elector. moved, or a President shall be elected.

of them.

[The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by Ballot for two ceive for his Services, a Compensation, The President shall, at stated Times, rePersons, of whom one at least shall not be which shall neither be increased nor an Inhabitant of the same State with them- diminished during the Period for which he selves. And they shall make a List of shall have been elected, and he shall not all the Persons voted for, and of the Num-receive within that Period any other ber of Votes for each; which List they Emolument from the United States, or any shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the Seat of the Government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the Certificates, and the Votes shall then be counted. The Person having the greatest number of Votes shall be the President, if such Number be a Majority of the whole Number of Electors appointed; and if

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Office he shall take the following Oath or
Before he enter on the execution of his
Affirmation:-

will faithfully execute the Office of Presi-
"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I
dent of the United States, and will to the
best of my Ability, preserve, protect and de-
fend the Constitution of the United States."

mander in Chief of the Army and Navy of Section II. The President shall be Comthe United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the

actual Service of the United States; he may require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices, and he shall have Power to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offences against the United States, except in Cases of Im-—to Controversies between two or more peachment.

of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority;-to all Cases affecting Ambassadors, or other public Ministers, and Consuls;-to all Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction;-to Controversies to which the United States shall be a Party; States;-between a State and Citizens of another State;-between Citizens of different States,-between Citizens of the same State claiming Lands under Grants of different States, and between a State, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects.

In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in

He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the Supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States, whose Ap-which a State shall be Party, the Supreme pointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law; but the Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of Departments.

The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions which shall expire at the End of their next Session.

Court shall have original Jurisdiction. In all the other Cases before mentioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate Jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact, with such Exceptions, and under such Regulations as the Congress shall make.

The Trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment, shall be by Jury; and such Trial shall be held in the State where the said Crime shall have been committed; but when not committed within any State, the Trial shall be at such Place or Places as the Congress may by Law have directed.

Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court.

Section III. He shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the Section III.-Treason against the United State of the Union, and recommend to States, shall consist only in levying War their Consideration such Measures as he against them, or in adhering to their Eneshall judge necessary and expedient; hemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. No may, on extraordinary Occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in Case of Disagreement between them, with Respect to the Time of Adjournment, he may adjourn them to such Time as he The Congress shall have Power to declare shall think proper; he shall receive Am-the Punishment of Treason, but no Attainbassadors and other public Ministers; he der of Treason shall work Corruption of shall take Care that the Laws be faithfully Blood, or Forfeiture except during the Life executed, and shall Commission all the of the Person attainted. officers of the United States.

Section IV.-The President, Vice President and all civil Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors.

ARTICLE III.

Section I.-The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour, and shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services a Compensation, which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office.

Section II.-The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws

ARTICLE IV.

Section I.-Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may by general Laws prescribe the Manner in which such Acts, Records and Proceedings shall be proved, and the Effect thereof.

Section II.-The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States.

A Person charged in any State with Treason, Felony, or other Crime, who shall flee from Justice, and be found in another State, shall on Demand of the executive Authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having Jurisdiction of the Crime.

No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein, be dis

charged from such Service or Labour, but I mentioned, and the Members of the sev shall be delivered up on Claim of the eral State Legislatures, and all executive Party to whom such Service or Labour and judicial Officers, both of the United may be due. States and of the several States, shall be SECTION III. New States may be ad- bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support mitted by the Congress into this Union; this Constitution; but no religious Test but no new State shall be formed or erect-shall ever be required as a Qualification to ed within the Jurisdiction of any other any Office or public Trust under the State; nor any State be formed by the United States. Junction of two or more States, or Parts of States, without the Consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned as well as of the Congress.

ARTICLE VII.

The Ratification of the Convention of nine States, shall be sufficient for the EsThe Congress shall have Power to dis-tablishment of this Constitution between pose of and make all needful Rules and the States so ratifying the Same. Regulations respecting the Territory or Done in Convention by the Unanimous other Property belonging to the United Consent of the States present the SevStates; and nothing in this Constitution enteenth Day of September in the Year shall be so construed as to Prejudice any of our Lord one thousand seven hunClaims of the United States, or of any par- dred and Eighty-seven and of the Indeticular State. pendence of the United States of America the Twelfth. In WITNESS whereof We have hereunto subscribed our Names.

SECTION IV. The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion, and on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic Violence.

ARTICLE V.

The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments to this Constitution, or, on the Application of the Legislatures of two-thirds of the several States, shall call a Convention for proposing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid to all Intents and Purposes, as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three-fourths of the several States, or by Conventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other Mode of Ratification may be proposed by the Congress; Provided that no Amendment which may be made prior to the Year one thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any Manner affect the first and fourth Clauses in the Ninth Section of the first Article; and that no State, without its Consent, shall be deprived of its equal Suffrage in the Senate.

ARTICLE VI.

All Debts contracted and Engagements entered into, before the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution, as under the Confederation.

This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding.

GEO. WASHINGTONPresidt, and deputy from Virginia. John Langdon, Nicholas Gilman. Nathaniel Gorham,

New Hampshire.

Massachusetts.

Connecticut.
New York.

New Jersey.

Pennsylvania.

Rufus King.
Wm. Saml. Johnson,
Roger Sherman.
Alexander Hamilton.
Wil: Livingston,
Wm. Paterson,
David Brearley,
Jona. Davton.
B. Franklin,
Robt. Morris,
Tho: Fitzsimons,
James Wilson,

Thomas Mifflin,

Geo: Clymer,
Jared Ingersoll,
Gouv: Morris.
Geo: Read,
John Dickinson,

Delaware.

Jaco: Broom,

Maryland.

Virginia.

North Carolina.

South Carolina.

Georgia.

The Senators and Representatives before Attest:

Gunning Bedford, Jr.,
Richard Bassett.
James M'Henry,

Danl. Carroll,

Dan: of St. Thos:
Jenifer.

John Blair,

James Madison, Jr.

Wm. Blount,
Hu. Williamson,

Rich'd Dobbs Spaight

J. Rutledge,
Charles Pinckney,
Charles Cotesworth
Pinckney,
Pierce Butler,
William Few,

Abr. Baldwin.

WILLIAM JACKSON, Secretary

Articles in Addition to, and Amendment of, posed, nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted.

the Constitution of the United States

of America,

Proposed by Congress and Ratified by the Legislatures of the several States, pursuant to the Fifth Article of the Original Constitution.

ARTICLE I. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

ARTICLE II. A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

ARTICLE III. No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

ARTICLE IV. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

ARTICLE V.-No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any Criminal Case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

ARTICLE IX.-The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

ARTICLE X-The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively or to the people.

ARTICLE XI.-The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law and equity, commenced and prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State.

ARTICLE XII.-The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes for President, shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each State having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Repre sentatives shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President ARTICLE VII.-In Suits at common law, shall act as President, as in the case of the where the value in controversy shall ex- death or other constitutional disability of ceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by the President. The person having the jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried greatest number of votes as Vice-President by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined shall be the Vice-President, if such numin any Court of the United States, than ber be a majority of the whole number of according to the rules of the common law. Electors appointed, and if no person have ARTICLE VIII.-Excessive bail shall a majority, then from the two highest not be required, nor excessive fines im-numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose

ARTICLE VI. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the Siate and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have Compulsory process for obtaining Witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of Counsel for his defence.

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