ADAMS, John Q., United States minister at
St. Petersburg, correspondence with the
Russian government respecting American
traders on the north-west coast, 275. Sec-
retary of state of the United States; nego-
tiations with Spain on the southern and
western limits of the United States, 316.
Correspondence with the Russian minister
at Washington on the ukase of 1821, 332.
Instructions to Mr. Rush, United States
minister at London, on claims of the United
States, in 1823, 340. President of the
United States; message recommending the
adoption of measures respecting Oregon,
Aguilar, Martin de, voyage and supposed
discovery of a great river on the north-west
coast, 91.
Alarcon, Hernando, voyage up the Californian
Gulf and the Colorado River, 58.
Aleutian Islands described, 39. Discovered,
135.
Alfaşka described, 36. Discovered, 132.
America. This name first given to Brazil in
1508. Never used by Spanish government
and historians until recently, 46.
Anian, Strait of, said to have been discovered
by Cortereal, probably the same now called
Hudson's Strait, 45. Voyages in search
of it, 76. See Urdaneta, Ladrillero, Mal-
donado, Fonte, Vizcaino.
Archer, William S., his speech in the Senate
of the United States on the bill for the
Occupation of Oregon, 388.
Arteaga, Ignacio, voyage, 125.
Ashley, William H., conducts trading ex-
peditions from St. Louis to the Rocky
Mountain regions, 357.
Asiento de Negros, or treaty by which the
British monopolized the slave trade of
Spanish America, 99, 321.
Astoria established, 296. Described, 299-
313. Ceded to North-West Company, 303.
Taken by British, 304. Restored to the
United States, 309. Burnt, 313. See Pacific
Fur Company.
Atlantis, Island, placed by Bacon on the
north-west coast, 94.
Baranof, Alexander, governor of Russian
America, his character, 271. Founds Sitka,
270. His mode of conducting negotiations,
302. Seizes part of California, 327. At-
tempts to seize one of the Sandwich Islands,
Becerra, Diego, voyage from Mexico by order
of Cortes, 52.
Benyowsky, Augustus, a Polish exile in
Kamtchatka, performs the first voyage
from that country to Canton, 138.
Bering, Alexander, first voyage from Kam-
tchatka to the Arctic Sea, 129. Second
voyage, 129. Third and last voyage, 130.
Reaches the American continent, 131.
Shipwreck and death, 133.
Bering's Strait discovered, 129. Described, 4.
Berkeley, Captain, rediscovers the Strait of
Fuca; murder of part of his crew off
Destruction Island, 171.
Billings, Joseph, engaged by the empress of
Russia to explore the North Pacific, 162.
His voyage produces, no valuable results,
Bodega y Quadra, Juan Francisco de, first
voyage, under Heceta, from Mexico, along
the north-west coast, 117. Importance of .
his discoveries, 123. Second voyage, under
Arteaga, 125. (See Maurelle.) Commis-
sioner to treat with Vancouver at Nootka,
231. (See Nootka Convention.) Letter to
Captains Gray and Ingraham, 242, 443.
Death, 255.
Brobdignag, placed by Swift on the north-
west coast, near Columbia River, 94.
Broughton, William, sent by Vancouver to
survey the lower part of the Columbia River,
247. Unfairness to the Americans, 248.
Sent to England, 249. Commands an ex-
ploring expedition in the North Pacific,
256. Finds Nootka Sound deserted, 257.
Buchanan, James, secretary of state of the
United States, negotiations with Mr. Pak-
enham, minister of Great Britain at Wash-
ington, 399, 400. Concludes treaty, settling
the boundaries west of the Rocky Moun-
tains, 402.
Bulfinch's Harbor described, 22. Discovered
by Captain Gray, of Boston, 235. Examined
by Vancouver's lieutenant, Whidbey, 246.
Caamano, Jacinto, voyage in the North-West
Archipelago, 241.
Cabeza-Vaca, Alvaro Nunez, journey from
Florida to the Californian Gulf, 55.
Cabot, John, and Sebastian, voyages, 45.
Cabrillo, Juan Rodriguez, exploring voyage
from Mexico, and death, 62.
Calhoun, John C., his speech in the Senate
of the United States on the bill for the
Occupation of Oregon, 383. Secretary of
State of the United States negotiation with
Mr. Pakenham, Minister of Great Britain.
California, origin of the name unknown, 55.
California, Peninsula of, described, 13. Dis-
covered; fruitless attempts of the Spaniards
to settle, 88, 95. Jesuits engage to civilize
the inhabitants, 96. Their partial success,
97. Their History of California, 98.
pulsion of the Jesuits, 106.
Ex-
California, Continental, or New, described,
15. Discovered, 56. Settled by the Span-
iards, 109. Claimed by Mexico, 317. At-
tempted insurrections in, 367.
California, Gulf of, or Vermillion Sea, or Sea
of Cortes, described, 12. Discovered, 52.
Examined by Ulloa, 56, and by Alarcon, 58.
Canada, pretension that it extended to the
Pacific, exposed, 159, 277.
Carver, Jonathan, travels in the central
regions of North America, 141. Pretended
discovery of a river called Oregon, flowing
into the Pacific, 142. His accounts chiefly
derived from old French travellers, 144.
Cavendish, Thomas, voyage around
world; takes and burns a Spanish ship near
the coast of California, 76.
Cermenon, Sebastian, wrecked on the coast
of California, 66.
Cibola, a country or city north-west of
Mexico, discovered by Friar Marcos de
Niza, 59. Supposed position, 62. Expedi-
tion of Vazquez de Coronado to conquer it,
Clarke. See Lewis and Clarke.
Clarke River discovered, 287. Described, 23.
Colnett, James, engaged by Meares to com-
mand the Argonaut, 189. Made prisoner
by the Spaniards at Nootka, and sent to
Mexico, 195. Liberated by order of the
viceroy of Mexico, 200.
Colorado River described, 20.
ered by Alarcon, 58.
Columbia, American trading ship, fitted out
at Boston, 179. Sails under Kendrick to
the North Pacific, 180. Puts into Juan
Fernandez in distress, 181. Reaches
Nootka Sound, 181. Sails for Canton and
the United States, under Captain Gray,
200. Second voyage under Gray, 229.
Winters at Clyoquot, 230. Discovery of
the Columbia River, 235. See Gray and
Vancouver.
Columbia River, (called, also, Oregon,) de-
scribed, 21. Mouth seen by the Spanish
commander Heceta, 120, 430.
seeks for it in vain, and denies its existence,
Meares
177; yet the British plenipotentiaries claim
the discovery for Meares, 178, 440. Mouth
seen by the American Captain Gray, 181.
Gray first enters the river, 236. Lower
part explored by the British Lieutenant
Broughton, 247, who unfairly pretends to
have discovered it, 248.
covered by Lewis and Clarke, who trace the
Head-waters dis-
river thence to the sea, 285.
Congress of the United States; Resolution
for abrogating the Convention with Great
Britain, 402.
Convention of 1790, between Great Britain
and Spain, see Nootka Convention. Of
1818, between Great Britain and the United
States, concluded, 315, 477. Renewed in
1827 for an indefinite period, 354. Reflec-
tions on, 389. Of 1824, between the United
States and Russia, concluded, 341, 478.
Cook, James, undertakes a voyage of discov
Virtually abrogated by Russia, 342.
ery in the North Pacific; his instructions,
147. Discovers the Sandwich Islands, 150.
Reaches Nootka Sound, 151.
through Bering's Straits, 156. Killed at the
Passes
Sandwich Islands, 157. Importance of his
discoveries, 158. Knew no particulars of the
recent Spanish voyages, 149; though he
knew that such voyages had been made,
Coronado, Francisco Vazquez, expedition
from Mexico, to conquer the rich countries
Cortereal, Gaspar, discovers Labrador; Strait
supposed to lie farther north-west, 59.
of Anian said to have been found by him,
leading from the Atlantic north-west to the
Pacific, 45.
Cortes, Hernando, conquers Mexico, and
proposes to explore the coasts of that
country, 48. Expeditions made by his
order on the Pacific, 51. Leads an expedi
tion into California, 53. Superseded in
the government of Mexico, to which country
he returns, 54. Claims the right to make
conquests in America; returns to Spain,
and dies, 58.
Dixon, George, voyage in the North Pacific,
Douglas, William, master of the Iphigenia
169. Dispute with Meares, 218.
voyage under Meares to the North Pacific,
172. Taken prisoner by the Spaniards at
Nootka, 191. Released, 192.
Drake, Francis, voyage around the world?
70. Arrives in the North Pacific, and
lands on the American coast, 71. Receives
from the natives the crown of the country,
which he calls New Albion, and returns to
England, 72. Review of accounts of his
voyage in the North Pacific, 73., Deception
practised by his biographer Barrow, 75.
Duffin, Robert, mate of Meares's vessel, enters
Part of the coast probably seen by him, 76.
the Strait of Fuca, 176. Testimony re-
specting events at Nootka, 244.
Falkland Islands, dispute between Great
Britain and Spain respecting them, 111.
Lord Palmerston's letter to the minister
of Buenos Ayres on the subject of their
Fleurieu, Clairet de, his Introduction to the
Fidalgo, Salvador, voyage of, 220.
occupation by Great Britain, 111-313, 374.
Journal of Marchand's voyage, 223.
mits the discovery of the Washington or
Ad-
North Marquesas Islands by Ingraham, 228.
Florida, the name applied originally by the
Spaniards to the whole eastern side of
America, north of the Mexican Gulf, 53.
Expeditions through it under Narvaez, 55,
and Soto, 63. Ceded to the United States,
Fonte, Admiral, supposed voyage, in the
North Pacific, by a person so named, 82.
Forsyth, John, secretary of state of the
United States, instructions respecting the
meaning of the convention with Russia,
362. Endeavors to procure information
respecting the north-west coast, 376.
Fox, Charles J., his speech in Parliament on
the Nootka convention, 212.
Fremont, John C., captain in the army of
the United States exploring expedition to
Oregon and California, 386.
Fuca, Juan de, voyage in the North Pacific,
and supposed discovery of a new passage
leading to the Atlantic, 85, 407.
Fuca, Strait of, described, 22. Discovered
by Juan de Fuca, 85. Search for it by
Heceta, 119. By Cook, 150. Found by
Berkeley, 171. Rediscovery claimed by
Meares, 175. Entered by Gray, 199, 234.
Kendrick passes through it, 200, 217.
Surveyed by Vancouver, and Galiano, and
Valdes, 238.
Furs and fur trade, general account, 411.
See Russian American Company, Hud-
son's Bay Company, and North-West
Company.
Gallatin, Albert, minister plenipotentiary of
the United States at London; negotiations
at London, 314, 344. Counter statement
respecting the claims of the United States,
presented by him to British commissioners,
347, 455.
Gali, Francisco, his voyage, 66.
Galiano and Valdes, their voyage through
the Strait of Fuca, 240. Journal published
by the Spanish government; Introduction
to that Journal reviewed, 241.
Gray, Robert, first voyage to the North
Pacific, in command of the trading sloop
Washington, from Boston, 180. Sees an
opening supposed to be the mouth of
the Columbia River, 181. First examines
the east coast of Washington's or Queen
Charlotte's Island, 199. Enters the Strait
of Fuca, 200. Returns to Boston in the
ship Columbia, 200. Second voyage to
the North Pacific, in the Columbia, 226,
229.
Meets Vancouver near the entrance
of the Strait of Fuca, and makes known his
discovery of the mouth of a great river, 233.
Discovers Bulfinch's Harbor, 235. Enters
the great river, which he names the
Columbia, 236. Makes known his dis-
covery to the Spanish commandant at
Nootka, 237. Letter of Gray and Ingraham
to the Spanish commandant, respecting the
occurrences at Nootka in 1789, 242, 413.
Returns to the United States, 237.
Great Britain obtains Canada, Florida, and
East Louisiana, by the treaty of Paris,
Harmon, D. W., important evidence afforded
by him respecting the first trading posts
established by the British west of the
Rocky Mountains, 291.
Hawaii. See Owyhee.
Hearne, Samuel, discoveries in the territory
west of Hudson's Bay, 145. Reaches the
Arctic Sea, at the mouth of Coppermine
River, 146.
Heceta, Bruno, voyage along the north-
west coast of America, in 1775, 117. Dis-
covers a river, called by him Rio de San
Roque, now known as the Columbia,
Howel's account of the negotiation at
Nootka, between Vancouver and Quadra,
Hudson, Henry, discovers Hudson's Bay, 94.
Hudson's Bay Company established by
charter, 98. Efforts to discover a north-
west passage, 141. Disputes with the
North-West Company, 260, 324. Union
of these two companies, 326. Receives a
grant of exclusive trade in the Indian terri-
tories, 326. General view of its system
and establishments, 397. Papers relating
to it, 465.
Hudson's Strait, probably the same called by
the Portuguese the Strait of Anian, 45.
Hunt, Wilson P., chief agent of the Pacific
Fur Company, 295. His negotiations with
Governor Baranof at Sitka, 302.
Ingraham, Joseph, mate of the ship Columbia,
in her first voyage from Boston to the
north-west coast, 180. Returns to the
Pacific as master of the brig Hope, and
discovers the Washington or North Mar-
quesas Islands, 226. At the Sandwich
Islands, 227. At Queen Charlotte's Island,
227. At Macao, where he meets Marchand,
and communicates his discovery of the
Washington Islands, the priority of which
is admitted by Marchand and Fleurieu, 228.
At Nootka, where he writes a letter, signed
by himself and Gray, respecting the pro-
ceedings at that place in 1789, 242. Copy
of that letter, 414. Unfair synopsis of it
by Vancouver, 244. His journal, 231.
His death, 237.
Jesuits undertake the reduction of California,
96. Their system and establishments, 97.
Their History of California, 98. Expelled
from the Spanish dominions, 106. Results
of their labors in California, 107.
Jesup, Thomas S., quartermaster-general
of the United States; report on the best
means of occupying Oregon, 336. Effect
of that report on the negotiations in Europe,
Jewitt, J. R., his captivity among the Indians
at Nootka, 268.
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