Money and Its Laws: Embracing a History of Monetary Theories, and a History of the Currencies of the United States

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H. V. and H. W. Poor, 1877 - Banks and banking - 623 pages

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Contents

The inconvenience and distress
27
That a currency may be convertible the means therefor must be provided
31
Symbolic currencies measure the means of consumption of a people
46
Why governments cannot issue convertible currencies
52
Always a forced loan
57
Childishness and absurdity of his illustrations
66
ADAM SMITH
79
JOHN
81
Goes to France and founds a Bank based upon coin
88
Labor as an abstract notion the real measure of values coin the appar
107
The expense of maintaining all kinds of property is in ratio to its cost
109
Money is the only one the maintenance of which can occasion
121
The word seems illustrative of Smiths method
122
Proper limit of paper money the amount of merchandise to be symbolized
128
Advantages resulting from the use of the former
129
The principles of the Commercial or Mercantile System
139
Sketch of the history of usury note
143
A person rich in proportion to the amount he holds
149
Importance of an equilibrium of the precious metals the world over
156
The age of Protection the heroic
160
Freetrade and Protection
169
His argument puerile to the last degree
175
13
180
If value be no attribute of money then divisibility is of no importance
181
Principles of Currency
184
Issue of notes a right at common law
187
Cannot like bills of exchange be issued by producers
189
Supported by Sir Charles Wood Lord Halifax
190
Mr Pitt promises compliance
193
Statement showing the value of gold from 1797 to 1821 inclusive note
199
Retired in the payment of the bills in the discount of which they are issued
201
The opposing doctrines not the result of natural laws but of conditions
208
The currency inflated and the remedy convertibility
209
absurd
212
WILLIAM HUSKISSON
216
The Principles of Political Economy and Taxation 1817
223
His assumptions wholly opposed to the fact
229
16
235
52
237
Lord Liverpools plan adopted
241
Testimony of the experts opposed to every principle on which currency
247
The latter a great disturbing element in financial affairs
253
Report of the Committee upon the Bank
254
Their ignorance of banking systems of the United States
258
If its assets were in bills their payment would return its notes without
259
Kicardo the central figure of the new school of Economists as Smith of
269
Reflections Suggested by a Perusal of the Pamphlet of Mr J Horsley
274
Causes of the disasters of 1839
280
Provisions of the Act of 1844
286
No difference in principle between the several forms of paper money
288
The effect of currency to reduce prices
291
When one lends the money is not the capital loaned
332
53
339
Inconvertible currencies
341
Convertible currencies often inflate prices enormously 851
352
Lesson taught by the history of the Seven United Provinces
358
66
364
Gold and silver to be demonetized in case of a war as a means of retaining
373
Manual of Political Economy
375
A government currency never flexible as it bears no relation to the means
381
Résumé of the above
388
Quoted for the purpose of illustrating the present condition of monetary
391
Contrivances by which the same quantity may be made to do an increased
396
The value of all currencies depends upon their quality not quantity
410
WILLIAM G SUMNER
416
CURRENCY AND BANKING IN THE UNITED STATES
428
First issue of 3000000 June 22d 1775
430
Advantages of a currency issued by them in reducing prices
432
Order of Congress that the notes pass at their nominal value
436
Varying fortunes of the war
442
Absurdity of the illustration
443
Monopolies of money and merchandise always the effect of a legaltender
448
Continued issues and decline of notes
454
160
457
Mischievous effect of the government currency
460
Local jealousies and rivalries
466
Could derive no advantage from provisions designed to promote the general
471
Illustrations of his opinions upon the nature and powers of our government
477
Charter of the Bank expired March 4 1811
483
General Jacksons first Annual Message declares the Bank unconstitutional
489
The Bank necessary and proper to carry into effect the power granted
494
Dangers apprehended from the Bank imaginary
500
Its refusal to allow him to control its patronage note
511
Manner in which its operations were conducted
513
Their number capital and circulation in 1837
522
Value not an attribute of money
523
These divided among the people
529
617
531
Must sustain the Banks of the States
536
In Illinois and Wisconsin
539
His object not money but political advancement
545
Independent Treasury modified for this purpose
558
The dilemma of the government on the suspension of the Banks
569
Their decline in value and rise of gold
575
By Mr Chase against State Banks
580
1st Provision of a United States Bank
582
This to be furnished by parties possessed of capital
586
Amount of securities held by the National Banks
596
United States notes to be receivable in the customs revenues
604
Proper method of resumption
611
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Page 477 - That the government created by this compact was not made the exclusive or final judge of the extent of the powers delegated to itself; since that would have made its discretion, and not the Constitution, the measure of its powers; but that as in all other cases of compact among parties having no common Judge, each party has an equal right to judge for itself, as well of infractions as of the mode and measure of redress.
Page 509 - Each public officer who takes an oath to support the Constitution swears that he will support it as he understands it, and not as it is understood by others.
Page 11 - And Abraham hearkened unto Ephron; and Abraham weighed to Ephron the silver, which he had named in the audience of the sons of Heth, four hundred shekels of silver, current money with the merchant.
Page 469 - That every power vested in a government is in its nature sovereign, and includes, by force of the term, a right to employ all the means requisite and fairly applicable to the attainment of the ends of such power, and which are not precluded by restrictions and exceptions specified in the Constitution, or not immoral, or not contrary to the essential ends of political society.
Page 492 - Waiving the question of the constitutional authority of the Legislature to establish an incorporated bank as being precluded in my judgment by repeated recognitions under varied circumstances of the validity of such an institution in acts of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of the Government, accompanied by indications, in different modes, of a concurrence of the general will of the nation...
Page 466 - I do not conceive we can exist long as a nation without having lodged somewhere a power, which will pervade the whole Union in as energetic a manner as the authority of the State governments extends over the several States.
Page 2 - And a river went out of Eden to water the garden, and from thence it was parted and became into four heads.
Page 466 - If you tell the legislatures, they have violated the treaty of peace, and invaded the prerogatives of the confederacy, they will laugh in your face.
Page 476 - Resolved, that the several States composing the United States of America, are not united on the principle of unlimited submission to their general government; but that by compact under the style and title of a Constitution for the United States...
Page 277 - The history of what we are in the habit of calling the " state of trade " is an instructive lesson. We find it subject to various conditions which are periodically returning ; it revolves apparently in an established cycle. First we find it in a state of quiescence, — next improvement, — growing confidence, — prosperity, — excitement, — overtrading, — convulsion, — pressure, — stagnation, — distress, — ending again in quiescence.

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