Mr. Shiras by flashlight photographed an albino porcupine one season and placed the picture in his album, instead of the stuffed skin of the dead animal upon his study walls or in a museum. The next year he captured the same albino again with his camera and again left the harmless creature to enjoy life in its native woods. "Any fool can kill a bird; but it takes a genius to photograph one and get a good photograph," says Dr. Hornaday.

I remember Dr. Hornaday when as a boy he came from the farm in Marion county to study at old Oskaloosa College. His subsequent career has gratified the friends of his Iowa boyhood, who prophesied a bright future. His present book is not merely the work of the few months spent in putting his thoughts upon paper; it is the record and fruits of a life work in studying God's wild creatures in their native haunts. It is a note of warning and alarm. The nation should heed it.

God in His slow processes spent millions of years creating the passenger pigeon and the bison. A single generation has seen them swept away. The high cultivation of a large part of our country makes it impossible for much of the old wild life to remain. But the birds can still be saved.. They are rapid breeders and but give them a chance and they will remain with us.

Since this book came from the press the McLean Law protecting migratory birds has been enacted by Congress. Many states had forbidden spring shooting. Many states had vainly protected the robin and other of man's gentlest and best friends. These birds spent the spring and summer in our dooryards and nested in our shade trees only to go south there to be treated as "game birds" and to be slaughtered by the thousands. The pest of the boll weevil awakened the consciences of many of the cotton growing states, leading to local legislation for the protection of the birds which destroyed their enemies of the cotton fields.

A REPUBLIC WITHIN THE CONFEDERACY AND OTHER RECOLLECTIONS OF 1864.

BY W. A. DUCKWORTH.

In January, 1864, at Pulaski, Tennessee, I was appointed a Lieutenant in the 110th Colored Infantry. I had been serving as Corporal of Company G, 2d Iowa Veteran Infantry. After guarding a tunnel and trestle work on the railway near Pulaski, I was assigned, with six companies of the regiment, to garrison the town and district of Athens, Alabama. Col. Wallace Campbell of the 110th, was in command of the post and district..

My own company was detailed as provost guard, and was quartered in a building on the northwest corner of the public square in Athens. I was very pleasantly situated during the spring and summer, and my duties, while constant, were not arduous. I boarded with a family by the name of Tanner, consisting of Mr. and Mrs. Tanner and three grown daughters. One of the daughters was a widow, her husband having been killed about the time of the battle of Shiloh, in a cavalry skirmish near their home. We patrolled the town and I scouted a good deal with a detachment of East Tennessee Cavalry. Quite a number of prisoners were picked up by us on these expeditions, and we captured a quantity of medicine that was being smuggled through the lines from Nashville, for the use of the Confederate army in the field. I made one capture, near the Tennessee river, between Huntsville and Decatur, of a lady, with a fine horse and buggy. This lady had in her possession about three thousand dollars' worth of quinine and morphine.

We also made a survey of the country for military purposes, locating all roads, bridges, streams, and tactical points of defense which might be made available in the future operations of the army.

Civil affairs were administered through the provost marshal's office and as I acted in the capacity of provost marshal, it fell to me a good part of the time to preside over civil suits. I heard many complaints, and adjusted numerous differences. In connection with my duties, I issued marriage licenses, rented houses, collected license taxes from all persons in mercantile business of whatsoever sort, issued provisions to refugees and other indigent persons and had supervision over the county jail. This was well filled with prisoners of almost every variety and description, some of the desperate characters being kept in irons.

Some colored soldiers of Capt. Adam Poe's' company of the 111th regiment were employed in guarding a bridge on the outskirts of Athens, and were quartered in a block house. A party of these, while out marauding at night, murdered a farmer named Tanner and pillaged his house. Tanner's wife was bedfast at the time.

Naturally, there was much excitement in the town and county over this murder. Measures were at once taken to apprehend the criminals, and with the aid of a very efficient detective named Louis Kimmel, from St. Louis, we captured them, and had them safely in the jail at the time of our capture by General Forrest in September. Just what disposition General Forrest made of them I never knew for certain. There was a rumor when we were captured, that he had hung them summarily when the jail was taken by his forces.

There was a female seminary in Athens, under the supervision of a lady from Washington. We kept a guard stationed in the seminary grounds and often visited the institution. As a rule we timed our visits so as to be present at the morning exercises.

Under the military regulations, no person was allowed outside his or her domicile after dark without a pass or escort. There were no meetings of any kind at night, except an occa

1Capt. Adam Poe was a son of the Adam Poe who was at that time connected with the Methodist Book Concern, at Cincinnati, and a grandson of the Adam Poe who killed the big footed Indian, of which an account is given in the early history of Ohio and Kentucky.

sional dance which was under military supervision or surveillance.

The members of the Masonic Lodge met in the afternoon. I met with them often and was treated with great consideration. I also attended a few select parties, and at one of them, I remember, I came very near getting too much eggnog. It was made by a different formula from what I had been used to.

The most disagreeable duty which devolved upon me while at Athens, was caring for a lady prisoner who was being banished as a spy through the Confederate lines, under a flag of truce. Being a lady of respectable appearance, I did not send her to the common prison, but accepted her word of honor not to attempt to escape. I communicated by flag of truce with General Roddy of the Confederate forces across the river, concerning her reception, and in the meantime paid her board and lodging at the hotel for two days.

The only armed foes with whom we came in contact during the summer, were the forces of General Wheeler who fired on our picket lines while raiding through the country. This was about the first week in September, and the incident of course created a furor for a few days.

General Hood moved North during the latter part of September with the purpose of striking General Sherman's communications, preparatory to his campaign into Tennessee that resulted in the terrible battles of Franklin and Nashville and utterly destroyed his army. General Forrest, the forerunner of Hood, crossed the Tennessee river at Mussel Shoals below Decatur, and on the 23d of September struck Athens in force. The pickets were driven in about noon, and there was more or less skirmishing all the afternoon.

The fort built by order of General Dodge for the defense of Athens, was about three-fourths of a mile from the public square in a westerly direction, varying a little south. As my own company was quartered on the corner of the square and was the only one in town, we had quite a spirited time during the afternoon and until about nine o'clock at night. The

Confederates burned the railway depot which was situated in the public square, and the Quartermaster's stores on the south side, before we evacuated the town.

Between eight and nine o'clock a detachment of the enemy's cavalry coming up the street from the west, stampeded a team attached to a wagon being loaded by the men of my company in front of their quarter. A little later we captured a sergeant and four privates who as a guard for the night were trying to find General Buford's headquarters, which they informed us were at a certain house in the adjoining block. We sent them under guard to the fort as prisoners.

About nine o'clock in the evening we marched out of the town to the fort, and I was detailed with sixteen picked men from my company for picket duty, on the side of the fort next the town. The fort was held until about nine o'clock the next morning. During the night, the Confederate forces had closely invested the fort and were using their artillery and sharpshooters in a lively manner.

About nine o'clock in the morning a flag of truce was sent in by the Confederates, demanding the surrender of the fort and the Federal forces. The flag was borne by Major Strange, General Forrest's Adjutant General, was received by me on my picket post and was forwarded to Colonel Campbell's headquarters in the fort. Upon receiving it Colonel Campbell ordered us all into the fort. After he had ridden out through General Forrest's lines and satisfied himself as to the numbers of the Confederates, he returned and entered into a formal surrender. Some of our colored soldiers had to be forced to give up their arms. The flag was hauled down and trailed in the dust and we were prisoners of war.

During the negotiations for our surrender, the 18th Michigan and the 102d Ohio were surrounded and captured within two miles of Athens while coming to our relief from the post at Decatur. They made a determined resistance and we could plainly hear the firing, but were powerless to join them. They were brought in and added to the crowd of prisoners. There were about three hundred of them, while the prisoners taken