civil progress, and temporal welfare, of human society.

12. The press, in this modern era, has become, for the great masses of the people, the quickest conveyance to civil, moral, and physical instruction; just as the telegraph is the speediest vehicle of news. Without the aid of a teacher, the illiterate and ignorant receives his daily lessons in political economy, in literature, science, and art, by reading his morning or evening paper. From a scholar, he soon becomes a master; and though he wonders at first, in reading of a discovery; yet, his genius, being once awaked, soon outvies the first discoverer by a more astounding invention, in the same kind of

art.

13. Such being the objects and subjects of a journal, it is not difficult to find the qualities which it must have, and which must be carefully attended to, by the journalist.

When the object is to inform the public, concerning daily events, the qualities of historical narrations, viz perspicuity, probability, and

(12.) Show what medium of instruction is the press, for the

masses of the people?

(13.) What qualities must be studied in a journal, when the object is to inform ?

sometimes moral certainty, must be diligently studied.

When the object is to please, the qualities of graphical descriptions-of which we shall speak in the fifth part-must be well observed.

When the object is to persuade, the qualities of an argumentative discourse-which will be expounded in the third book-must be closely followed.

When the object is complex; as in letters, essays, and criticisms, the qualities and principles, relative to those subjects of composition, must be entirely observed.

14. The style of a journal must be adapted to the subject and object; and since it embraces all classes of subjects, simple, middle, and sublime; also the triple object of a writer, to-wit to inform, please, and persuade; it follows, that the style of a journal may likewise be simple, middle, and sublime.

15. The order to be followed in writing a journal, must be according to the nature of the subject, comprised within its scope. Thus, sub

What, when the object is to please, or to persuade, or it is complex?

(14.) What must be the style of a journal?

(15.) What order is to be followed in writing a journal ?

jects of information may form the first department; subjects, which regard persuasion, the second department; and subjects, which relate to amusements, may constitute the third dedepartment. These generic subjects may be subdivided into particular heads; and arranged in a proper order, according either to their importance, or to the time and place in which they have occurred, or will occur. A systematical division of the subjects in a newspaper is necessary, not only to the beauty of composition; but also to the proper guidance of the reader.

16. Final Remarks. From the brief exposition of the nature, object, and subject of a journal, it is manifest, that the task of compiling a journal is not an easy one; and the qualities required in a journalist are not of the common order. A journalist must be, in a certain manner, an encyclopedist-a person versed in all the branches of science and art; a thorough politician and literary man; an acute critic; a theoretical and practical man; a master of his lan

(16.) Is the task of writing a journal easy?

What must be the qualities of a journalist?

What must be the end, guide, and light, of a journalist, for a safe course?

What will be the reward of an honest and impartial journalist?

guage; but, before all, he must be an honest and impartial man; one, whose integrity and pat'riotism is unimpeached; in order that he may gain the confidence and belief of the community, which he undertakes to instruct and persuade in civil matters. The course of a journalist in the tempestous sea of politics, it must be confessed, is very difficult and dangerous. In one way only, he can escape shipwreck; and that is, "by having the Public Good for his end; impartial Justice for his guide; Truth for his light." Opposition will doubtless raise a hurricane of anger against him, and will set all the political waves in motion; but these will soon spend their fury against firmness and determination; and when · Time shall have dispelled the clouds of ignorance, prejudice, or malice; Truth, shining at length in her native beauty, with her peerless light, will brighten the name of the honest and impartial journalist.

I.-EXERCISE.

Take a newspaper; examine first the division of the principal subjects, and see whether it is right. In regard to subjects of information, ex amine whether the report possesses the qualities of perspicuity, and probability, or certainty, according to the nature of the subject. Lastly, examine if the style is adapted to the subject; and if you find any faults on these points, show how they can be corrected.

II. EXERCISE.

Make a sketch of a journal: make a division, both general and particular, of the subject: give your reasons: let other students criticise it, and give their reasons. If you have time, amplify the points of your outline.

CHAPTER II.

OF ORATORICAL NARRATIONS.

We shall divide this chapter into two articles; in the first, we shall give the definition and qualities of oratorical narrations; in the second, the praxis of analysis of an oratorical narration.

ARTICLE I.

DEFINITIONS AND REQUISITES OF ORATORICAL NARRATIONS.

1. An oratorical narration "is the recital of some facts, connected with the case of an orator."

2. Although, this subject belongs to oratory; yet, it may well be treated here also.

(1.) What is an oratorical narration?

(2.) To what department of study does the subject properly belong?