10. The order and praxis to be followed by a biographer, is similar to that laid down for historical narrations. He must make a sketch of the life of the person, respecting whom he intends to write. For this purpose, he must select all the facts worthy of notice, and such other events as are connected with the person's life, and will be interesting to the reader. He must range them in proper order, which is generally that of time; beginning with the date of his birth. The points must be noted concisely in the sketch, and marked by numbers, so that their accuracy in statement, order, and time, may be better observed, before passing to their development and amplification. The biographer will then proceed to amplify them in a pleasing style, according to the manner shown in the general praxis of composition, and in the particular one concerning historical narrations. The work of composition being finished, the writer will analyze and criticise it, according to the rules of analysis of composition in general, and the principles and rules of history in particular.

11. The third example adduced on the subject of historical narrations, viz: "THE LIFE OF

(10.) What is the order and praxis to be followed in a biography?

(11.) Can you illustrate, by example, the style of a biography?

ABRAHAM LINCOLN," by Bancroft, may serve as an illustration of the style of biography.

ARTICLE V.

OF JOURNALISM: ITS DEFINITION, OBJECT, SUBJECT, UTILITY AND QUALITIES.

1. A Journal, in a general sense, "is a record of daily events;" in a particular sense, "is a record of daily events respecting a civil community."

2. The object of a journal is double-immediate or close, and mediate or remote.

3. The close or immediate object of a journal is triple-to inform, please, and persuade. Of these, the principal one is to inform the members of a community of the facts which daily occur, within and without its limits.

4. In former times, the object of a journal was simply that of information; hence, it was confined merely to the chronicling of some important events, for the sake of preserving their

(1.) What is a journal, in a general and particular sense? (2.) How manifold is the object of a journal ?

(3.) How is the close or immediate object of a journal subdivided?

(4.) What was the object of a journal, in former times?

memory to future times; and constituted a very imperfect chronicle, in comparison with modern journals.

5.

The remote, or mediate object of a journal is the civil progress of the community, or section, where the paper, or journal is published.

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6. Civil progress consists in the advancement of the social state of a community in its civil, moral, and physical relations, by the enactment and execution of appropriate laws."

The advancement of a community in its civil relations, requires the framing and execution of laws necessary to the maintenance of the civil rights, and duties, of every member of the community.

The advancement in the moral relations, requires the passage, and enforcement of laws necessary to the maintenance of certain moral rights and duties, assigned by nature, to the individuals of human society.

(5.) What is the remote, or mediate object, of a journal? (6.) In what does civil progress consist?

What is required for the advancement of a community, in its civil relations?

What, for the advancement in its moral relations?

What, for the advancement in its physical relations, and general welfare?

The advancement in the physical relations, requires the enactment and execution of laws calculated to improve the physical condition, and temporal welfare, of the whole community, and of each individual, both with respect to the mind and body.

7. A journal, therefore, whose object is the civil progress of a community, must suggest and advocate the enactment and enforcement of laws and regulations, necessary to the protection and observance of the civil, moral, and physical rights and duties of the members of a community, and to the advancement of their temporal welfare.

8. And behold here, open to our view, the immense field of a journalist. Since the three objects of human literature, viz: to inform, please, and persuade, for the purpose of promoting the civil condition of a community, rightly belong to a journal; it results, by a rigid logical conclusion, that every topic conducive to that purpose, is within the limits of its province.

(7.) What, then, must a journal advocate, for the progress of a civil community?

(8.) What topics rightly belong to a journalist, according to the remote object of journalism?

9.

Hence it follows, that the restriction of the press, within the limits of its proper sphere, as well as the prohibition of the exercise of the natural right of expressing its opinions, according to its own inward convictions, are unjust, and detrimental to the civil progress of a community.

10. The progress of civilization in this country, where the rightful liberty of the press has been allowed, is so plain, as only to require a glance at the wonders of progress, in art and science, which meet the eye everywhere, in order to be soon convinced of it.

11. The progress in knowledge, made by the people in this country, on account of the freedom of the press, cannot be sufficiently estimated; except, by comparison with other ages and countries, in which the exercise of that right was, or is interdicted; whence it follows, again, as a legitimate conclusion, that opposition to the freedom of the press, signifies, opposition to the

(9.) If all kinds of topics rightly belong to a journalist, by reason of the object, is it, then, right to impose a restriction on the press, in that which is lawful?

(10.) What is the progress of civilization in this country, where the freedom of the press is allowed?

(11.) How can the progress in knowledge, made by the people of the United States, be estimated?