THE FUTURE OF THE REPUBLIC.
Seven of the disorganized States ratified it, and having by that act, by the adoption of State Constitutions approved by Congress, and by the election of National Senators and Representatives, complied with the prescriptions of Congress, they took their places as resuscitated members of the Union.'
Although the country for a considerable time was agitated by the throes of civil war, peace, quiet and unexampled prosperity abound. The Republic has entered upon a new and more glorious era. In its dealings with its domestic enemies, the Government, conscious of its strength, has been lenient and magnanimous beyond all precedent, toward those who attempted to destroy the Union, and has thereby won the applause and admiration of civilized men. Of the thousands of the citizens of the Republic, who consciously and willingly committed "treason against the United States," according to the prescriptions of the Constitution, only one had been punished for the crime, and one other (Jefferson Davis) had been indicted when this record was closed."
The developed and undeveloped resources of the country, and its actual visible wealth, are evidently so abundant and available, and the irrepressible energies of the people are so great, that the enormous debt created by the business of suppressing the Rebellion is not regarded as a very serious burden upon the industry of the nation. That debt amounts, in round numbers, to almost two thousand five hundred million dollars-a debt not nearly so large, in proportion to the population, as the inhabitants of the thirteen original States were subjected to at the close of the old War for Independence, when the resources of the country were almost undeveloped and unknown. It will be cheerfully paid by a grateful people, in accordance with the pledges given in the name of the Republic. The nation having been purified and strengthened by the Civil War and its results, and placed upon the sure foundations of Truth and Justice, may we not reasonably believe that the fiat has gone forth from God, ESTO PERPETUA ?
"SEC. 3. No person shall be a Senator, or Representative in Congress, or Elector of President or VicePresident, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State Legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof; but Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.
"SEC. 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be ques. tioned: but neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave. But all such debts, obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and void.
"SEC. 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this Article." 1 These were North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Arkansas. 2 See clause 1, section 3, article III.
3 Mumford, hung by Butler, at New Orleans. See page 351, volume II.
5 On the first of August, 1865, the actual debt of the Republic, considering back pay, bounties, overdue contracts, transportation, and a variety of other expenses incident to the closing of the war, since liquidated and unliquidated, amounted to $3,257,733,329. At the end of the last fiscal year (June 30, 1868), the National Debt was $2,488,000,000, showing the remarkable fact, that in the space of about three years since the close of the war, that debt had been reduced $802,733,329, or more than one-fourth of its full amount. At that rate of reduction, the entire debt may be paid off in the space of ten years.
Acquia Creek, attack on rebel batteries at, i. 486.
operative movements of Gen. Steele in, iii. 270–273;
cavalry fights in, iii. 274.
Arkansas Post, battle of, ii. 581.
ADAMS, CHARLES FRANCIS, proposition to amend the "Arkansas," ram, escape of to Vicksburg, ii. 528; de-
Constitution offered by, i. 234.
Alabama, secession movements in, i. 59; secession con-
vention in, i. 172; march of Gen. Mitchel into, ii. 266;
military operations to the fall of Mobile, iii. 506–514;|
Gen. Wilson's march through, iii. 514.
“Alabama," Confederate cruiser, escape of from a Brit-
ish port, ii. 569; details of her conflict with and destruc-
tion by the Kearsarge, iii. 435.
Albany, Democratic convention at, i. 207.
“Albemarle," ram, at the siege of Plymouth, iii. 470; |
fight of with the Sussa cus, iii. 471; destruction of
by Lieut. Cushing, iii. 472.
Albemarle Sound, naval operations in, ii. 176; Gen.
Reno's expedition on, ii. 314.
Alexandria, occupation of by Union troops, i. 482.
Alexandria, La., occupation of by National troops,
iii. 254; abandonment of by Gen. Banks's forces,
iii. 265.
Allatoona Pass, battle of, iii. 397.
Allegheny Summit, battle at ii. 103.
Ambulances, Philadelphia firemen's, i. 579.
Amelia Court-House, Gen. Lee's retreating forces at, iii.
552.
Amendments to the Constitution, proposed, i. 87, 241.
American Society for the Promotion of National
Union, i. 207.
ANDERSON, Major ROBERT, succeeds Col. Gardner in
command in Charleston harbor, i. 118; warning letters
of, i. 119, 125, 127; raises the United States flag on
Fort Sumter, i. 130; his action in relation to the
Star of the West, i. 156, 159, refuses the demand
of Gov. Pickens for the surrender of Fort Sumter,
i. 160; his letter declaring his inability to hold Fort
Sumter, i. 306; details of his defense and surrender
of Fort Sumter, i. 310-334; movements ordered by in
Kentucky, ii. 77.
ANDERSON, Mrs., her journey to and from Fort Sumter,
i, 132-135.
Andersonville, cruelties inflicted on Union prisoners
at, iii. 599.
ANDREWS, J. J., secret expedition of against the Chat-
tanooga and Atlantic railway, ii. 300.
Annapolis, Gen. Butler's operations at, i. 435; march
of New York and Massachusetts troops from toward
Washington, i. 439.
Annapolis Junction, Gen. Butler at, i. 489.
Antietam, battle of, ii. 476.
Appomattox Court-House, Lee's surrender at, iii, 558.
Arkansas, a majority of the people of averse to seces-
sion, i. 201; how the ordinance of secession was pass-
ed in, i. 474; military movements in, ii. 250-260; co-
Arlington Heights, City of Washington commanded by,
i. 480; occupation of by Gen. Sandford, i. 485.
Arlington House before and after the war, i. 422, 423.
Armies, National, the disbandment of, iii. 582; statis-
tics of at the close of the war, iii. 583.
Arms, measures taken by Conspirators for transferring
to Southern States, i. 121; seizure of in New York,
i. 230; purchase of in Europe, ii. 25.
Army of the Cumberland, organization of begun by
Gen. Sherman, ii. 78; demoralized condition of, ii.
538; movements of from Murfreesboro' to Chatta-
nooga, iii. 120-142; on the defensive, at Chattanooga,
iii.143; command of assigned to Gen. Thomas, iii. 144.
Army of the James, movements of against Petersburg
and Richmond, iii, 317–324 visit of the author to in
1864, iii. 586.
Army of the Potomac, reorganization of by McClellan,
ii. 23; organization and movements of, ii. 129-149;
immobility of, ii. 150; continued inaction of, ii, 353;
ordered by President Lincoln to be set in motion, ii.
856; other orders of the President in relation to, ii
357; its advance on Manassas commenced, ii. 858;
various movements of, ii. 370-386; movements of
under McClellan to the battle of Malvern Hills, ii.
402-434; wasted condition of, ii. 441; withdrawal of
from the Peninsula, ii. 444; movements of under
Burnside, ii. 485-494; exhausted condition of when
Hooker took command, iii. 17; great number of ab-
sentees from, iii. 18; important changes made by
Hooker in the organization of, iii. 19; badge designa-
tions in, iii. 20; its Chancellorsville campaign under
Hooker, iii. 23-39; under Hooker and Meade till the
battle of Gettysburg, iii. 45-75; again in Virginia,
iii. 98; movements of in Virginia to the retreat from
Mine Run, iii. 98-111; reorganization of under Grant,
iii. 292; movements of to the battle of Spottsylvania
Court-House, iii. 295-309; further movements of to
the crossing of the James and the investment of
Petersburg, iii. 324-340; to the battle of Boydton
road, iii. 350-362; casualties in in 1864 (note), iii. 362;
further movements of to the fall of Petersburg and
Richmond, iii. 530-551, and to the surrender of Lee,
iii. 552-558.
Army of the Tennessee, Sherman appointed to the
command of, iii. 144.
Army of Virginia, operations of under Pope, ii. 442-
463.
Arrow Rock, Mo., battle near, iii. 218.
Arsenal at Charleston, seizure of by State Militia, i,
137.
Arsenal at Chattanooga, seizure of, i. 170.
Arsenal at St. Louis, saved by the energy of Lyon, i.
466.
ASBOTII, Gen., at the battle of Pea Ridge, ii. 256.
ASHBY, Gen. TURNER, death of, ii. 395.
As land, Stonewall Jackson at, ii. 414.
Assassination of President Lincoln, iii. 565.
Associations, Vigilance, in South Carolina, i. 98.
Atlanta, Sherman's campaign to the fall of, iii. 374-399;
investment of by Sherman, iii. 353; first battle of
iii. 385; second battle of, iii. 389; flight of Hood from,
iii. 393; occupation of by Sherman, iii. 394; buildings
burnt in by order of Sherman, iii. 405; Sherman's
march from to Savannah, iii. 406-414; visit of the
author to in 1866, iii. 404, 522.
"Atlanta," ram, capture of by Capt. Rodgers, iii. 199.
Averasboro, battle of, iii. 499.
AVERILL, Gen. W. W., his cavalry fight with Fitzhugh
Lee near Kelly's Ford, iii. 22; operations of in West
Virginia, iii. 112; his raid on the Virginia and Ten-
nessee railway, iii. 113.
Auburn, Va., cavalry fight near, iii, 100.
AUGER, Gen., at the siege of Port Hudson, ii. 63 i.
BAILEY, Lieut.-Col. JOSEPH, dam constructed by across
the Red River, iii. 267.
BAIRD, Gen., at the battle of Missionaries' Ridge, iii.
167.
BAKER, Senator, speech of in New York at the Union
Square meeting, i. 356.
Battery Ilarrison, capture of by General Or, iii
358; repulse of Confederates at, iii. 859.
Bayon Rapide, Gen. A. J. Smith at, iii. 255.
Bayou Sara, bombarded by Porter, ii. 530.
Bayou Teche, battle of the, ii. 597.
Bean's Station, battle at, iii. 281.
Beaufort, S. C., occupation of by national troops, ii
124.
Beaufort district, first regiment of colored troops
raised in, ii. 565.
BEAUREGARD, Gen, G. T., demands the surrender of
Fort Sumter, i. 317; opens fire on Fort Sumter, i.
320; infamous proclamation of (note), i. 550; posi-
tion and number of troops under at Manassas, i. 582,
585; his plan of attack, i 590; re-enforced by John-
son, i. 591, and by E. Kirby Smith, i. 602; his defense
of Island No. 10, ii. 241-246; his evacuation of Cor-
inth, ii. 293.
BELL, JOHN, nomination of for the Presidency, i. 30.
Belle Isle, sufferings of Union prisoners in, iii. 597.
Belligerent rights accorded to the Confederates, i. 544,
567.
Belmont, battle at, ii. S.
BENHAM, Gen, his unsuccessful pursuit of Floyd, ii.
102; in command at the battle of Secessionville, iii.
187.
BENJAMIN, JUDAH P., last speech of in the Senate, i.
Bentonsville, battle of, iii. 500.
Bentonville, skirmish at, ii. 253.
Bermuda Hundred, occupation of by Gen. Butler, iii.
318; Butler "bottled up "at, iii. 328.
BAKER, Col. E. D., energy and gallantry of, ii. 141; | BERRY, Gen. H. G., at the battle of Chancellorsville, ili.
death of at Ball's Bluff, ii. 142.
Balloons, use of in connection with the telegraph Big Bethel, rebel position at, i. 596; battle at, i. 507;
(note), ii. 132.
public disappointment at the result, i. 510; visit to
the battle-ground of, i. 513.
Ball, Mr. Lincoln's inauguration, i. 294.
Ball's Bluff, battle of, ii. 142; sad fate of fugitives from, Big Black River, battle of the, ii. 612.
ii. 143; Union losses at, ii. 145.
Baltimore, Democratic convention at in 1860, i. 25;
conspiracy in, i. 281; riotous demonstrations in, i.
405; Massachusetts Sixth attacked by the mob of, i.
411; great meeting held at, i. 415; exasperation of
free labor States against, i. 441; Gen. Butler's march
on, i. 446; troubles with the police commissioners of,
i. 551-553; approach of Confederates under Johnson
to, iii. 346; convention at in 1860, iii. 445.
Baltimore plot, letter of John A. Kennedy in relation to
(note), ii. 147; S. M. Felton's account (note), iii. 565.
BANKS, Gen. N. P., stand taken by against secession, i.
203; assigned to the Department of Annapolis, i. 551;
energetic action of in Baltimore, i. 552; placed in
command of the Department of the Shenandoah, ii.
23; operations of in the Shenandoah Valley, ii. 368-
370; supersedes Butler at New Orleans, ii. 530; his
management of affairs in the Gulf Department, ii.
392; operations of in the interior of Louisiana, ii.
599; his Rio Grande expedition, iii. 223; his Red
River expedition, fii. 251-269.
Big Blue Creek, battle at, iii. 279.
Big Tybee Island, occupation of by Dupont, ii. 125.
Biloxi, capture of by Major Strong, ii. 327.
Bird's Point, fortification of, i. 539.
BIRNEY, Gen., at the battle of Chancellorsville, iii. 28.
BLACK, Attorney-Gen., opinion of in regard to coercion,
i. 70.
Blackburn's Ford, skirmish at, i. 588.
BLAIR, F. P. efforts of to bring about peace, iii. 526.
BLAIR, Gen. F. P., at the battle of Chickasaw Bayou, ii.
Banner adopted by the South Carolina Convention, i.
Blakely, battle of, iii. 512.
Blockade of Charleston declared raised, iii. 196.
Blockade-runners, British, in Cape Fear River, ii. 315.
Bloody Bridge, battle of, iii. 469.
Blue Springs, battle of, iii. 155.
BLUNT, Gen. James G., activity of in Missouri, ii. 532;
at the battle of Boston Mountains, ii. 534.
Bogle's Creek, battle near, iii. 516.
BOLIVAR, SIMON BUCKNER, at the head of the Kentucky
State Guard, i. 458; his treason, i. 459.
Bolivar Heights, skirmish at, ii. 187.
Bombardment of Fort Sumter, i. 320.
BARTLETT, Gen., at the battle of Chancellorsville, iii. Booneville, battle near, i. 541; stay of Gen. Lyon at, L
36.
Baton Rouge, arsenal and barracks at seized by State
troops, i. 181; secession convention at i. 182; occu-
pation of by a National force, ii. 526; battle of, ii. 529;
evacuation of by National troops, ii. 530.
Booтn, JOHN WILKES, his assassination of President
Lincoln, iii. 564; death of, iii, 570.
Boston Mountains, battle of, ii. 584.
Bowling Green, abandoned by the Confederates, ii. 230.
BOYCE, W. W., speech of in favor of secession, i. 47.
Boydton Plank Road, battle of, iii. 361.
BRADFORD, Major, W. F., murder of after the capture
of Fort Pillow, iii. 246.
BRAGG, Gen., his invasion of Kentucky, ii. 506; his
proclamation, ii. 507; junction of with Kirby Smith
at Frankfort, ii. 507; retreat of into East Tennessee,
ii. 511; defeated by Rosecrans at Murfreesboro', ii.
551; compelled by Rosecrans to abandon Middle
Tennesee, iii. 123; at Chattanooga, iii. 124; at La-
fayette, iii. 132; attacks and defeats Rosecrans near
the Chickamauga, iii. 185-140; incompetency of, iii.
142; driven from Lookout Mountain, Missionaries'
Ridge, and Ringgold, iii. 165–169.
Brandenburg, the guerrilla Morgan at, iii. 98.
Brandy Station, Buford's dash on Stuart near, iii. 100.
Brashear City, Gen. Weitzel's expedition against,
ii. 530: Gen. Banks's forces concentrated at, ii. 599;
capture of by Confederates, iii. 220.
BRECKINRIDGE, JOHN C., nomination of for the Presi-
dency, i. 28; flight of from Kentucky, ii. 77; treach-
ery of, i. 374.
Bridgeport, Hooker crosses the Tennessee at, iii. 151.
Bridges, railway, destruction of, in Maryland, i. 417.
BRIGHT, JOHN, champion of the Republic in England,
ii. 159.
Bristow Station, battle of, iii. 105.
BROWN, Col. H., takes command at Fort Pickens, i. 369.
BROWNLOW, Rev. W. G., imprisoned at Knoxville, ii.
38; permitted to leave the Confederacy, ii. 39; house
of visited by the author, in 1866, iii. 284.
Brownsville, Texas, capture of by Gen. Banks, iii. 223.
Bruinsburg, Grant crosses the Mississippi at, ii. 603.
BUCHANAN, Commodore MCKEAN, death of, at the
battle of the Bayou Teche, ii. 597.
BUCHANAN, President JAMES, conspirators in the cab-
inet of, i. 43; his message of Dec. 30, 1860, i. 64; his
indecision, i. 73, 283; distrusted by the Southern con-
spirators, i. 143; painful position of, i. 146; changes
in his cabinet, i. 146; his message of Jan. 8, 1861, i.
218; disruption of his cabinet, ii. 527.
BUCKNER, Gen, SIMON B., left in command of Fort
Donelson by Floyd and Pillow, ii. 219; terms of sur-
render offered to by Grant, ii. 220.
BUELL, Gen. DON CARLOS, in command of the Depart-
ment of the Ohio, ii. 179; operations of, in Kentucky,
ii. 190-195; leaves Nashville to join Grant at Savan-
nah, ii. 264; at the battle of Shiloh, ii. 280; his move-
ments against Bragg in Kentucky, ii. 508; relieved
by Rosecrans, ii. 511, 523.
Rosecrans against Bragg, iii. 128; movements of,
about Knoxville, iii. 155; his defense of Knoxville
againt Longstreet, iii. 171-175.
Business relations between merchants of Northern
and Southern States, i. 114.
BUTLER, Gen. BENJ. F., his expedition to Maryland, i.
434; saves the frigate Constitution, i. 436; at Annap-
olis Junction, i. 489; his occupation of Baltimore, i.
446; proclamation issued by, i. 447; recalled from
Baltimore, i. 448; put in charge of military affairs at
Fortress Monroe, i. 498; operations directed by, i.
500-514; his expedition against the Hatteras forts, ii.
106; commissioned to raise a volunteer force in New
England, ii. 108; troops raised by in New England,
ii. 323; put in command of the New Orleans expedi-
tion, ii. 324; expeditions sent out by from New Or-
leans, ii. 530; superseded by Gen. Banks, ii. 530; his
plan for surprising Richmond, iii. 257; co-operative
movements of against Petersburg and Richmond, iii.
317-324; his Fort Fisher expedition, iii. 476-481.
Butte à la Rose, capture of, ii. 600.
Cabinet, President Lincoln's, i. 295.
Cairo, Union camps formed at, i. 472; designs of Gen.
Pillow against, ii. 71.
CALHOUN, JOHN C., declaration of (note), i. 41.
Camden, Ark., capture of by Gen. Steele, iii. 270.
CAMPBELL, Judge J. A., his letter to Seward in rela-
tion to Fort Sumter, i. 304.
Campbellville Station, Tenn., battle at, iii. 156.
Camp Dick Robinson, established in Kentucky by
Wm. Nelson, ii. 73.
Camp Hamilton, Col. Duryee and Gen. Pierce at, i. 502.
Camp Joe Holt, formed in Kentucky by Rousseau, ii. 72.
Camp Wild Cat, battle at, ii. 89.
Canal across the peninsula at Vicksburg, ii, 584.
Canal, flanking, at the siege of Island No. 10, ii. 243.
CANBY, Col. E. R. S., operations of, in New Mexico,
ii. 184-188; assigned to the Military Division of
West Mississippi, iii. 269.
Cane River, battle at, iii. 265.
Cape Fear River, British blockade runners in, iii. 315;
capture of Forts on, iii. 489.
Cape Girardeau, Marmaduke's attempt on, iii. 213.
Capitol at Washington, proposition to biow up with
gunpowder, i. 523.
Carnifex Ferry, battle of, ii. 95.
Carrick's Ford, battle of, i. 535.
Carthage, Mo., battle near, ii. 43.
BUFORD, Gen., his dash on Stuart at Brandy Station, CASEY, Gen. SILAS, at Seven Pines, ii. 408.
iii. 100.
Bull's Gap, Gen. Gillem defeated at by Breckinridge,
iii. 287.
Bull's Run, details of the battle of, i. 584-603; flight
of the National army from, i. 603, and the retreat, i.
606; results, i. 608; losses at (note), í. 608; effect of the
defeat at, ii. 17; why the Confederates did not follow
up their success at, ii. 22; second battle of, ii. 460.
Burning of the Gosport Navy- Yard, i. 396.
BURNSIDE, Gen. A. E., at Bull Run, i. 595; his opera-
tions on the North Carolina coast, ii. 166–175, 305-
312; at the battle of Antietam, ii. 480; his Freder-
icksburg campaign, ii. 485-494; his movements
checked by President Lincoln, ii. 495; superseded by
Hooker, ii. 497; movements under, in the Depart-
ment of the Ohio, iii. 127; called to co-operate with
CASS, Gen. LEWIS, letter of Gen. Wool to, i. 76; his
resignation as Secretary of State, i. 77; the re-enforce-
ment of Charleston forts urged by, i. 127; how he
regarded the secession of South Carolina, i. 141.
Castle Pinckney, description of, i. 117.
Catawba River, railway bridge over destroyed by
Major Moderwell, iii. 505.
Cedar Creek, battle of, iii. 369.
Cedar Mountain, battle of, ii. 449.
Cemetery at Chattanooga, visit of the author to in
1866, iii. 178.
Cemetery Hill, Gettysburg, battles at, iii. 69, 71.
Centreville, McDowell's advance on, i. 587.
Chambersburg, incursion of Stuart to, ii. 484; Jenkins
and Ewell at. iii. 53; burnt by Confederates under
McCausland, iii. 349.
|