UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT. THE EXECUTIVE. FRANKLIN PIERCE, of New Hampshire, President of the United States...Salary $25,000 6,000 .Salary $8,000 66 8,000 66 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 66 8,000 WILLIAM L. MARCY, of New-York, Secretary of State JAMES GUTHRIE, of Kentucky, Secretary of the Treasury.... ROBERT M'CLELLAND, of Michigan, Secretary of the Interior.. JAMES C. DOBBIN, of North Carolina, Secretary of the Navy. JEFFERSON DAVIS, of Mississippi, Secretary of War.... JAMES CAMPBELL, of Pennsylvania, Postmaster-General.............. CALEB CUSHING, of Massachusetts, Attorney-General ....... NOTE.-The above, with the present Congress, go out on the 3d of March, 1857; JAMES BUCHANAN as President, and JOHN C. BRECKENRIDGE as Vice President, being inaugurated on the 4th. THE JUDICIARY. SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES. Salary of Associate Justices, $6,000. Meets first Monday in December, at Washington. XXXIVth CONGRESS. FIRST SESSION OPENED MONDAY, DEC. 8, 1855.-SECOND SESSION OPENED DEC. 1, 1856. SENATE-62 Members. JESSE D. BRIGHT, of Indiana, President pro tem. [Republicans (in Italics), 15; Administration Democrats (in Roman), 40; Americans (in SMALL CAPS), 5; Vacancies, 2; Total, 62. The figures before each Senator's name denote the year when his term expires.] HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.-234 Members. NATHANIEL P. BANKS, of Massachusetts, Speaker. WILLIAM CULLOM, of Tennessee, Clerk ALABAMA. 1 Percy Walker, 2 Eli S. Shorter, 3 *James F. Dowdell, 4 George S. Houston, 5 *WILLIAM R. SMITH, 6 *W. R. W. Cobb, 7 *Sampson W. Harris. ARKANSAS. 1 Alfred B. Greenwood, 2 Albert Rust. CALIFORNIA. 1 James W. Denver, 2 Philip T. Herbert. CONNECTICUT. 1 Ezra Clark, Jr., 2 John Woodruff, 3 Sidney Dean, 4 William W. Welch. *Augustus E. Maxwell. GEORGIA. 1*James L. Seward, 2 Martin J. Crawford, 3 ROBERT P. TRIPPE, 4 Hiram Warner, 5 John H. Lumpkin, 6 Howell Cobb, 7 NATHN'L G. FOSTER, 8 Alex. H. Stephens. ILLINOIS. 1 *Elihu B. Washburne, 2 James H. Woodworth, 3 *Jesse O. Norton, 4 *James Knox, 5 J. C. Davis, 6 Thomas L. Harris. 7 James C. Allen, 8 John L. D. Morrison, 9 Samuel S. Marshall. INDIANA. 1 *Smith Miller, 2*William H. English, 3 GEORGE G. DUNN, 4 David P. Holloway, 5 William Cumback, 6 Lucian Barbour, 7 Harvey D. Scott, 8 Daniel Mace, 9 Schuyler Colfax, 10 Samuel Brenton, 11 John U. Pettit. IOWA. 1 Augustus Hall, 1 Henry C. Burnett, LOUISIANA. 1 GEORGE EUSTIS, Jr., 3 Th's Green Davidson, 4 John M. Sandidge. MAINE, 1 John M, Wood 2 John J. Perry, 3 Ebenezer Knowlton, 4 *Samuel P. Benson, 5 *Israel Washburn, jr. 6 Thomas. J. D. Fuller. MARYLAND. 1 James A. Stewart, 2 JAMES B. RICAUD, 3 JAMES M. HARRIS, 4 HENRY W. DAVIS, 5 HENRY W. HOFFMAN, 6 Thomas F. Borcie. MASSACHUSETTS. 1 Robert B. Hall, 2 James Buffinton, 3 William S. Damrell, 4 Linus B. Comins, 5 Anson Burlingame, 6 Timothy Davis, 7 *Nath'l P. Banks, 8 Chauncey L. Knapp, 9 Alexander De Witt, 10 Calvin C. Chaffee, 11 Mark Trafton. MISSISSIPPI. 1*Daniel B. Wright, NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 1 James Pike, 2. Mason W. Tappan, 3 Aaron H. Cragin. NEW-JERSEY. 1 ISAIAH D. CLAWSON, 2 George R. Robbins, 3 JAMES BISHOP, 4 *George Vail, 5A. C. M. Pennington. NORTH CAROLINA. 1 ROBERT T. PAINE, 2*Thomas Ruffin, 3 Warren Winslow, 4 L. O'Brien Branch, 5 EDWARD G. READE, 6 *RICH'D C. PURYEAR, 7 Burton Craige, 8 *Thomas L. Clingman. NEW YORK. 1 WILLIAM W. VALK, 5 THOMAS K. WHITNEY, 6 John Wheeler, 7 Thomas Childs, Jr., 8 Abram Wakeman, 9 Bayard Clarke, 10 Ambrose S. Murray, 11 Rufus II. King, 12 Killian Miller, 13 *Russell Sage, 14 Samuel Dickson, 15 Edward Dodd, 16 George A. Simmons, 17 Francis E. Spinner, 18 Thomas R. Horton, 19 Jonas A. Hughston, 20 *Orsamus B. Matteson, 21 *Henry Bennett, 22 Andrew Z. McCarty, 23 William A Gilbert, 24 Amos P. Granger, 25 *Edwin B. Morgan, 26 Andrew Oliver, 27 John M. Parker, 28 William H. Kelsey, 29 John Williams, 30 Benjamin Pringle, 31 *Thomas T. Flagler, 32 *SOLOMON G. HAVEN, 33 FRANCIS S. EDWARDS. ΟΠΙΟ. 1 Timothy C. Day, 2 *JOHN S. HARRISON, 3 Lewis D. Campbell, 4 *Matthias H. Nichols, 5 Richard Mott, 6 Jonas R. Emrie, 7 *Aaron Harlan, 8 Benjamin Stanton, 9 Cooper K. Watson, 10 OSCAR F. MOORE, 11 Valentine B. Horton, 12 Samuel Galloway, 13 John Sherman, 14 Philemon Bliss, 15 *William R. Sapp, 16 *EDWARD BALL, 17 Charles J. Albright, 18 Benjamin F. Leiter, 19 *Edward Wade, 20 Joshua R. Giddings, 21 John A. Bingham. PENNSYLVANIA. 1 *Thomas B. Florence, 2 JOB R. TYSON, 3 William Millward, 4 JACOB BROOM, 5 John Cadwalader, 6 John Hickman, 7 Samuel G. Bradshaw, 8 J. Glancy Jones, 9 Anthony E. Roberts, 10 John C. Kunkel, 11 James H. Campbell, 12 HENRY M. FULLER, 13 Asa Packer, 14 *Galusha A. Grow, 15 John J. Pearce, 16 Lemuel Todd, 17 David F. Robison, 18 John R. Edie, 19 John Covode, 20 Jonathan Knight, 21 *David Ritchie, 22 Saml. A. Purviance, 23 John Allison, 24 David Barclay, 25 John Dick. RHODE ISLAND. 1 Nathaniel B. Durfee, 2 Benj. B. Thurston. SOUTH CAROLINA. 1*John McQueen, 2*William Aiken, 3 *Lawrence M. Keitt, 4 *Preston S. Brooks. 5 *James L. Orr, 6 William W. Boyce. TENNESSEE. 1 Albert G. Watkins, 2 WILLIAM H. SNEED, 3 *Samuel A. Smith, 4 John H. Savage, 5 *CHARLES READY, 6 George W. Jones, 7 John V. Wright, 8 *F. K. ZOLLICOFFER, 9 *EMERS'N ETHERIDGE, 10 THOMAS RIVERS. TEXAS. 1 LEMUEL D. EVANS, 1 George T. Hodges, 1 Muscoe H. R. Garnett, 3 *John S. Caskie, 4 William O. Goode, 5 *Thomas S. Bocock, 6 *Paulus Powell, 7*William Smith, 8 *Charles J. Faulkner, 9 John Letcher, 10 Zedekiah Kidwell, 11 JOHN S. CARLISLE, 12 Henry A. Edmundson, 13 *Fayette McMullen. WISCONSIN. 1 Daniel Wells, Jr., 2 Cadw. C. Washburne, 3 Charles Billinghurst. DELEGATES. MINNESOTA-H. M. Rice. OREGON Joseph Lane. N.MEXICO-Manuel Otero. UTAH J. M. Bernhisel. WASHINGTON-Anderson. KANSAS-J. W. Whitfield. NEBR'A-B. B. Chapman. Republicans, in Roman, 108; Buchanan Democrats, in Italics, 83; Fillmore Americans, in SMALL CAPS, 43. The term of service of the members of the XXXIVth Congress, so far as the House is concerned, expires on the 3d of March, 1857. NOTE.-Several whom we have classed as Republican, were Americans when chosen, and may be still. XXXVTH CONGRESS-AS FAR AS ELECTED. ALABAMA. SENATE-62 Members. ILLINOIS. MICHIGAN. 1859 Clement C. Clay, jr., 1859 Stephen A. Douglas, 1859 Charles E. Stuart, 1861 Benj. Fitzpatrick. ARKANSAS. 1859 Wm. K. Sebastian, 1861 Robert W. Johnson. CONNECTICUT. 1861 Lafayette S. Foster, 1863 James Dixon. CALIFORNIA. 1861 [A Democrat.] 1863 [A Democrat.] DELAWARE. 1861 Lyman Trumbull.· IOWA. 1859 George W. Jones, 1861 James Harlan. KENTUCKY. 1859 JOHN B. THOMPSON, 1861 JNO. J. CRITTENDEN. LOUISIANA. 1859 Judah P. Benjamin, 1861 John Slidell. MAINE. 1863 Zachariah Chandler. MISSOURI. 1861 James S. Green. 1863 Trusten Polk. NEW-HAMPSHIRE, 1859 John P. Hale, 1861 James Bell. NEW-YORK. 1861 William H. Seward, 1859 William P.Fessenden 1863 [4 Republican.] MASSACHUSETTS. 1859 Henry Wilson, 1863 Charles Sumner. MARYLAND. 1861 James A. Pearce, 1863 ANTHONY KENNEDY MISSISSIPPI. 1859 Albert G. Brown, NEW-JERSEY. 1859 William Wright, 1863 [A Democrat.] NORTH CAROLINA. 1859 David S. Reid, 1861 Asa Biggs. OHIO. 1861 George E. Pugh, 1863 Jefferson Davis. 1863 Benjamin F. Wade. PENNSYLVANIA. 1861 William Bigler, 1863 Simon Cameron. RHODE ISLAND. 1859 Philip Allen 1863 James F. Simmons. SOUTH CAROLINA. 1859 Josiah J. Evans, 1861 Andrew P. Butler. TENNESSEE. 1861 JOHN BELL, 1863 [A Democrat.] TEXAS.. 1859 SAM HOUSTON, 1863 Thomas J. Rusk. VERMONT. 1861 Jacob Collamer, 1863 Solomon Foot. VIRGINIA. 1859 R. M. T. Hunter, 1863 [A Democrat.] WISCONSIN. 1861 Charles Durkee, 1863 [A Republican.] Democrats (in Roman) 35; Republicans (in Italics) 20; Americans (in SMALL CAPS) 5; Uncertain 2. Total 62. The figures befor each Senator's name denote the year when his term expires. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-234 Members. ARKANSAS. 1 *Alfred B. Greenwood, 2 Edward A. Warren. CALIFORNIA. 1 Charles L. Scott, DELAWARE. 1 William G. Whitley. FLORIDA. 1 George S. Hawkins. ILLINOIS. 1 Elihu B. Washburne, 2 John F. Farnsworth, 3 Owen Lovejoy, 4 William Kellogg, 5 Isaac N. Morriss, 6 Thomas L. Harris, 7 Aaron Shaw, 8 Robert Smith, 9 *Samuel S. Marshall. INDIANA. 1 James Lockhart, 2 *William H. English, 3 James Hughes, 4 James B. Foley, 5 David Kilgore, 6 James M. Gregg, 7 John G. Davis, 8 James Wilson, 9 *Schuyler Colfax, 10 *Samuel Brenton, 11 *John U. Pettit. IOWA. 1 Samuel R. Curtis, 2 Timothy Davis. MAINE. MASSACHUSETTS. 1 *Robert B. Hall, 2*James Buffinton, 3 William S. Damrell, 4 Linus B. Comins, 5 Anson Burlingame, 6 *Timothy Davis, 7 *Nathaniel P. Banks. 8 Chauncey L. Knapp, 9 Eli Thayer, 10 *Calvin C. Chaffee, 11 Henry L. Dawes. MICHIGAN. 1*William A. Howard, 2*Henry Waldron, 3 David S. Walbridge, 4 De Witt C. Leach. MISSOURI. 1 Francis P. Blair, jr., 2 ANDERSON, 3 [Vacancy.] 4 CRAIG, 5 SAMUEL H. WOODSON, 6 *John S. Phelps, 7 *Samuel Caruthers. NEW-JERSEY. 1 Isaiah D Clawson, 2 *George R. Robbins, 3 Garnet B. Adrain, 4 John Huyler, 5 Jacob R. Wortendyke. 13 Abram B. Olin, OHIO. 1 George H Pendleton, 2 William S. Groesbeck, 3 Lewis D. Campbell,+ 4 *Mathias H. Nichols, 5 Richard Mott, 6. R. Cockerel, 7 *Aaron Harlan, 8 Benjamin Stanton, 9 L. W. Hall, 10 Joseph Miller, 11 Valentine B. Horton, 12 Samuel S. Cox, 13 *John Sherman, 14 *Philemon Bliss, 15 Joseph Burns, 16 Cydnor B. Tompkins, 17 William Lawrence, 18 * Benjamin F. Leiter, 19 *Edivard Wade, 20 Joshua R. Giddings, 21 *John A. Bingham. PENNSYLVANIA. 1 *Thomas B. Florence, 2 Edward J. Morris, 3 James Landy, 6 *John Hickman, 7 Henry Chapman, 8 J. Glancy Jones, 9 *Anthony E. Roberts, 10 *John C. Kunkel, 11 William L. Dewart, 12 John G. Montgomery, 13 William H. Dimmick, 14 *Galusha A. Grow, 15 Alison White, 16 John J. Abel, 17 Wilson Reilly, 18 *John R. Edie, 19 John Covode, 20 William Montgomery, 21 *David Ritchie, 22 Samuel A. Purviance, 23 William Stewart, 24 J. L. Gillis, 25 John Dick. SOUTH CAROLINA. 1 John McQueen, 2 Wm. Porcher Miles, 3 *Lawrence M. Keitt, 4 *Preston S. Brooks, 5 James L. Orr, 6 *William W. Boyce, VERMONT. 1 Ezekiel P Walton, 2 Justin S. Morrill, 3 Homer E. Royce. WISCONSIN. 1- John F. Potter, 2 *Choal'rC Washburne 3 Charles Billinghurst. Republicans, in Italics, 85; Americans, in SMALL CAPS, 3; yet to be elected, 84. *Members of the XXXIth Congress. † Contested. staved off by declarations on the part of the representatives of the two or three States that still permitted the importation that they would soon join their sister States în prohibiting it. KANSAS AND THE EXTENSION OF SLAVERY. FROM the assembling of the famous Continen- made to impose this duty, which was only tal Congress of 1774, which laid the foundation of the American Union, down to the year 1854 -a lapse of eighty years-the course of American national action and legislation, though not always going so far as it might, had yet always been in favor of the restriction and curtailment of slave-holding, as will be made apparent from the following summary: 1. One of the fourteen articles of the "American Association," entered into by the Congress of 1774, specially denounced the slave-trade, and pledged the colonies to entire abstinence from it, and from any trade with those con cerned in it. 5. A territorial government having been organized, in 1798, for Mississippi (then including all the United States territory east of Georgia), though Congress was restrained by the compact of union from prohibiting slavery, yet it did exert its constitutional power of legislating for the territories by prohibiting the introduction of slaves from abroad. 6. By the year 1798, all the States having united in prohibiting the import of slaves from abroad, Congress, in 1800, passed an act imposing a fine of $1,000, with forfeiture of the vessel, for each person imported as a slave contrary to the laws of any of the States. 7. In 1803 the people of Indiana (including what is now not only that State but also the present States of Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin) 2. In 1787 the famous ordinance for the government of the territory north-west of the Ohio, one of the last acts of the Continental Congress, for ever excluded involuntary servitude from all the territory then at the disposal of the United States, that territory having been ceded to the Union by the States which claimed it, free from any conditions respecting that sub-applied to Congress for a suspension as to that ject. The legalization of slavery in Kentucky, territory of the article of compact of the ordiTennessee, Mississippi, and Alabama, was not nance of 1787, prohibiting slavery north of the the act of the Federal Government. The peo- Ohio. This memorial was referred to a comple of Kentucky, presented themselves for mittee, of which John Randolph was chairman, admission as a slave-holding State, with the which committee reported that it was "highly prospect of their uniting themselves with the dangerous and inexpedient to Impair a proviSpaniards, for which there were many subse- sion wisely instituted to promote the hapquent intrigues, if that request was refused; piness and prosperity of the north-western and the States of North Carolina and Geor-country, and to give strength and security to gia, declined to cede to the United States that extensive frontier ;" and they added their the territory afterward erected into the States of Tennessee, Mississippi, and Alabama, except on condition that slavery should be tolerated therein. belief, that in the salutary operation of this sagacious and benevolent restraint, the inhabitants of Indiana would, in no distant day, find ample remuneration for a temporary privation of labor and immigration. This attempt to re-establish slavery in the north-western States was repeated in 1804, and again in 1807, but on both occasions without success. 8. The Convention that formed the Constitution of the United States avoided all use of the terms slaves and slavery; evaded any direct recognition of any such institution; held out a premium to emancipation by counting in the 8. In 1804 the act organizing the territory of census of representative population five slaves Orleans, then recently acquired by the Louisias equivalent to only three freemen; and gave ana cession, though it did not abolish the slavery to Congress the power to abolish the foreign then existing there among the French colonists, slave-trade at the end of twenty years, and to expressly provided that no slaves should be impose, meanwhile, a duty on all persons im-carried there, except by citizens of the United ported. 4. Soon after the organization of the government under this constitution,earnest efforts were States removing into the territory as actual settlers, nor were even they to be allowed to introduce any from foreign countries,nor any that 11. In the same year was enacted the famous Missouri restriction, by virtue of which-while Missouri, by way of compromise with the South, and in accordance with the wishes of the inhabitants, and what had been the law and usage during its existence as a territory, was admitted as a slave-holding State-in all the territory of the United States north and west of that new State, slavery was to be "for ever prohibited." had been brought in the United States from for- any vessel, of any negro or mulatto, "not held eign countries since 1798. The special intention to service under the laws of some one of the of this latter provision was to provide against States," was declared to be piracy, punishable a piece of apostacy on the part of South Caro- with death. lina, in the passage of an act reviving the slave-trade, after a cessation of it as to that State for fifteen years, and of six years as to the whole Union-one of the first indications of that pro-slavery reaction which, since the annexation of Texas as a slave-holding State, has attained to such a wonderful strength; and one of the first fruits of the triumph of the socalled Democratic party in the state politics of South Carolina. Still further to counteract this revival of the slave-trade, a new agitation was immediately commenced for imposing a tax on slaves imported, which was only prevented from being done by the near approach of the period within which Congress might totally prohibit the slave-trade. Down to the year 1854, this Missur Compromise, with the Missouri prohibition as a part of it, was regarded as the settled law of the Union the chief seat and head-quarters of pro-slavery ruffianism. This annexation, however, was accomplished by a sort of legislative trick, without the public attention being called to it, by the secret practices of the two Missouri senators upon the flexible and timeserving John M. Clayton, then chairman of the judiciary com more sacred, in fact, than any ordinary piece of legislation, the circumstances under which it was passed making it partake of the nature of a constitutional enactment. It is true, in9. No sooner had that period arrived than an deed, that in 1837 this prohibition was violated act was passed, in 1808, imposing fine and im- by the annexation to Missouri of a piece of prisonment, with forfeiture of the vessel, upon territory in which slavery had been "for ever all persons concerned in importing into the prohibited," about equal in extent to the United States from any foreign country and sell-State of Delaware, now divided into six couning as a slave any negro, mulatto, or person of ties, containing more than 70,000 people, and color, and fines upon all persons concerned in fitting out a vessel for any such purpose. This act did not pass without very strenuous opposition. The opponents of the act did not dare appear at that time as the advocates of the African slave-trade; but they did not at all relish the implications contained in this act against the domestic slave-trade, then first beginning.mittee, and upon northern senators and repreThey based their opposition to it on a provision contained in it that no vessel of less than forty tons burden should take any slaves on board, except for transportation on inland bays and rivers. This provision was attacked by John Randolph as an interference with slave proper-pointment. ty; and upon this occasion he made a free use 12. But while this violation of the comproof those threats of secession and disunion mise passed unheeded and unnoticed, the which have since proved such efficient instru-compromise itself continued to be lauded and ments of political warfare as against the mingled timidity and secret pro-slavery spirit of northern politicians and capitalists. sentatives ready enough at all times, when not carefully watched, to betray the interests of liberty and the North out of complaisance to some southern friend, or to purchase a recommendation for themselves to some federal ap upheld as essential to the preservation of the Union. It was expressly recognised and confirmed in the joint resolutions of March 1, 1845, of the annexation of Texas, and in 1850 the act to establish and confirm the northern and western boundary of Texas-one of the compromises of 1850 so called-again expressly recognised and confirmed it. So stood the national government in relation to the extension of slavery down to the introduction of the Kansas-Nebraska bill 10. From this time down to the close of the war with England, the restrictions upon our foreign commerce aided effectually in the suppression of the slave-trade; but, that trade having revived with the peace, new acts were passed in 1818, 1819, and 1820, increasing the stringency of the laws, by the last of which the detention or transportation as a slave, in of 1854. |