From (109 M.) Scarborough omnibuses run to (3 M.) Scarborough Beach (Atlantic, Kirkwood, $ 21/2-3), 2 M. to the S. of which is Prout's Neck (Southgate Ho.). Farther on the train crosses the

116 M. Portland. Hotels. FALMOUTH HOUSE, Middle St., in the centre of the town, $3-4; PREBLE HOUSE, Monument Sq., $3-312; UNITED STATES, Monument Sq., $2-212; CITY, $ 2-212.

Steamboats run regularly from Portland to Boston (daily, in 8 hrs.; $1, stateroom $2), New York ($ 5, including stateroom), Eastport and St. John, Mt. Desert and Machias (see p. 101), and the Kennebec River. Small steamers ply frequently from the Custom - House Wharf to Harpswell, Peak's Island, Cushing's Island, and other points in Casco Bay. In winter Portland is the American port of the Allan Ocean Steamers.

Tramways run through the principal streets, and to the railway stations and suburbs.

Portland, the largest city in Maine, with (1890) 36,425 inhab., is finely situated on a hilly peninsula projecting into Casco Bay. Its harbour is deep and well protected, and its commerce with the West Indies and Great Britain is considerable. The number of trees in its streets have earned for it the name of 'Forest City'.

The town was originally founded in 1632 and was at first named Machigonne or Casco and afterwards Falmouth. It suffered severely at the hands of the French and the Indians and in 1775 it was almost entirely destroyed by the British. After the war it was rebuilt and in 1786 received the name of Portland. Among the distinguished natives of Portland are Longfellow (1807-82), N. P. Willis (1807-67), 'Fanny Fern' (Mrs. Parton; 1711-12), Neal Dow (b. 1803), and Commodore Preble (1761-1807), of Tripolitan War fame.

Most of the principal buildings are in CONGRESS STREET, which runs the whole length of the peninsula, from the Western Promenade on Bramhall's Hill (175 ft.) to the Eastern Promenade on Munjoy's Hill (160 ft.). The Observatory (fee) on the latter affords an excellent *View of the city, the bay, the White Mts. (p. 121), and the Sandwich Mts. (panorama by Abner Lowell). Near the middle of Congress St. is the City Hall, a large light-coloured building, with a dome; and hard by, in Middle St., is the tasteful Post Office, with a Corinthian portico. A little to the E. of the City Hall, Congress St. passes Lincoln Park (right) and the Roman Catholic Cathedral (left), and a little farther on is the Eastern Cemetery, with the graves of Commodore Preble (see above) and Commanders Burrowes and Blythe of the 'Enterprise and 'Boxer' (p. 99). At the intersection of Congress St. and State St. (see below) is a good Statue of Longfellow, by Franklin Simmons. The War Monument in Monument Sq. is by the same artist.

Among the other chief buildings are the Custom House, near the Boston steamboat-wharf; the Marine Hospital; and the buildings of the Natural History Society and the Maine Historical Society and Public Library. Deering's Oaks, the city park, lie a little to the N. of the W. end of Congress St. State Street, a broad and shady street, leading from the W. part of Congress St. to the harbour, contains some good specimens of old Colonial houses and

two fine churches (St. Luke's Cathedral and St. Dominic's). The house in which Longfellow was born stands at the corner of Fore St. and Hancock St., close to the Grand Trunk R. R. Station. The Wadsworth Mansion, in which he afterwards lived, is next door to the Preble Hotel (see p. 96).

The Environs of Portland are attractive. Pleasant drives may be taken to Evergreen Cemetery (21/2 M.; tramway); to Falmouth Foreside, 6 M. to the N.; and to (3 M.) Cape Cottage Hotel ($ 3), the (8 M.) Ocean Home ($ 3), and (9 M.) the Twin Lighthouses, all on *Cape Elizabeth, to the S.

Casco Bay is crowded with pretty wooded islands (said to be 365 in all), many of which are favourite summer-resorts, especially (3 M.) Cushing's Island (*Ottawa House, $3-4, much frequented by Canadians; fine cliffs), Peak's Island (21/2 M.; Oceanic Ho., Avenue Ho., $2-21/2, and many others), Long Island (4 M.; Casco Bay Ho., Granite Spring Ho., $11/2-3), and Little Chebeaque (6 M.; Waldo, $3).

10. From Portland to Mount Desert. Moosehead Lake. a. Viå Bangor.

186 M. MAINE CENTRAL RAILROAD to (178 M.) Bar Harbor Ferry in 51/2-10 hrs.; steam-ferry thence to (8 M.) Bar Harbor in 40 min. (throughfare $5; parlor - car $1.25, sleeper $2). From Boston to Bar Harbor by this route in 9 hrs. (fare $61/2, parlor-car $ 11/2, sleeper $ 2).

Portland, see p. 96. The line runs to the N., affording a good retrospect of the city, and soon crosses the Presumpscot. 11 M. Cumberland Junction (p. 105). We cross the Grand Trunk Railway at (15 M.) Yarmouth Junction (comp. p. 108). - 29 M. Brunswick (Tontine, $2-21/2; Rail. Restaurant), a flourishing town of 6012 inhab., lies at the head of the tidal waters of the Androscoggin, which forms three small falls here. It is the seat of Bowdoin College (near the station), one of the leading institutions of learning in New England (2-300 students). The Picture Gallery of the college contains about 150 paintings, including some good portraits and works attributed to Hogarth, Brouwer, Berghem, Hondekoeter, Van Dyck (*Portrait), Rubens, and Teniers. 'Uncle Tom's Cabin' was written at Brunswick, while Mrs. Stowe's husband was a professor at Bowdoin (pron. 'Bowden') College (1851-2).

Brunswick is the junction of the line to Bath and Rockland (see R. 10 b). Lines also run hence to Lewiston (p. 105) and Leeds Junction (p. 106).

Beyond Brunswick we cross the Androscoggin and run to the N. along the Kennebec (to the right). 50 M. Iceboro, with the largest ice-houses in the world (on the river; 1,000,000 tons of ice are shipped from the Kennebec yearly to all parts of the world); 56 M. Gardiner, a city with 5491 inhab., engaged in wood-sawing in summer and ice-cutting in winter.

62 M. Augusta (Augusta Ho., Cony Ho., $211⁄2), the capital of Maine, with 10,527 inhab., lies on both sides of the Kennebec, about 1/2 M. below the huge Kennebec Dam, which affords ample water-power for its factories. The principal buildings are the Post Office and the solid granite State House, the dome of which commands a beautiful *View. On the E. side of the river are the huge BAEDEKER'S United States. 7

State Insane Asylum and the Kennebec Arsenal. Augusta was the home of Mr. J. G. Blaine (d. 1893). Steamers ply from Augusta to Gardiner (p. 97), connecting with large boats for Portland, Boston, etc.

In leaving Augusta we cross the Kennebec, which now runs to our left. Beyond (80 M.) Winslow we cross it again, near its confluence with the Sebasticook. 81 M. Waterville (Rail. Restaurant), with 7107 inhab., large cotton-mills, and a Baptist college (Colby University), is the junction of the Lewiston division of the Maine Central R. R. (see p. 105) and of a branch-line to (18 M.) Skowhegan (5068 inhab.). On the Kennebec near Waterville are the Taconic Falls. The train now crosses and leaves the Kennebec, and passes over the watershed between that river and the Penobscot. From (95 M.) Burnham a branch-line runs to (34 M.) Belfast (5294 inhab.), on Penobscot Bay; and from (102 M.) Pittsfield another runs to (8 M.) Hartland. To the right flows the Sebasticook. 109 M. Newport is the junction of a line running N. to Dexter, Dover, and Moosehead Lake (p. 99).

136 M. Bangor (Bangor Ho., $21/2; Penobscot Exchange, Bangor Exchange, $2; Rail. Restaurant), the third city in Maine, with 19,103 inhab., is commandingly situated on the Penobscot, at the head of navigation and 60 M. from the ocean. Its chief industry is the sawing and shipment of lumber, about five million ft. of lumber being annually floated down to it from the vast forests of Northern Maine. Among its chief buildings are the Custom House, the Theological Seminary, and Norombega Hall.

FROM BANGOR TO ST. JOHN (in New Brunswick), 204 M., railway in 7-10 hrs. (from Boston to St. John, 450 M., in about 20 hrs). This line is a continuation of that described above from Portland to Bangor, and passes through a district of great importance to the sportsman. The following are the chief stations: 13 M. Oldtown, the junction of the line to Moosehead Lake (see p. 99). The second railway in the United States, opened in 1836, ran from Oldtown to Bangor. 59 M. Mattawamkeag, the junction of a line to Greenville (Moosehead Lake) and thence to Lake Megantic and Sherbrooke (comp. p. 99). Beyond (114 M.) Vanceboro (Rail. Restaurant) the train crosses the St. Croix, enters New Brunswick (Canada), and passes on to the Canadian Pacific Railway. 120 M. McAdam Junction, for the line to (43 M.) St. Andrews (*Algonquin Hotel, $3-5). 159 M. Fredericton Junction, for (22 M.) Fredericton (Queen's, Barker, $2-22; pop. 6502), the capital of New Brunswick, finely situated on the St. John River, with an E. E. Cathedral, a University, and handsome Parliament Buildings. From Fredericton we may descend the St. John River (fine scenery) by steamer to (84 M.) St. John (fare $1). 204 M. St. John (Dufferin, Royal, $3; Victoria, $2-21/2; New Victoria, $2), the commercial metropolis of New Brunswick (pop. 39,179) and sixth city of the Dominion of Canada, finely situated at the mouth of the St. John River. Among the most prominent buildings are the Roman Catholic Cathedral, Trinity Church, and the Custom House. The Falls of the St. John, formed where the river rushes through a narrow gut just above the bridges, are remarkable from the fact that they are 'reversible', the strong and high tide from the Bay of Fundy (which rises 23 ft.) having a fall of 15 ft. into the river at high water and the river having a like fall into the sea at low water. The falls are well seen from the Suspension Bridge (214 yds long and 70 ft. above high-water) Steamers ply from St. John to Eastport, Portland, Boston, etc.

FROM BANGOR TO GREENVILLE (Moosehead Lake), 89 M., Bangor & Pis

cataquis Railway in 33/4-8 hrs. This line diverges to the left from the Maine Central R. R. at (13 M.) Oldtown (see p. 98) and traverses a sparsely peopled district, with some picturesque scenery. Branch-lines diverge to various shooting and fishing resorts. 52 M. Dover is the junction of the line from Pittsfield and Dexter (see p. 98). 89 M. Greenville (Moosehead Inn, $21/2; Lake Ho., $2-21/2), at the S. end of Moosehead Lake. [Another railway-route from Bangor to Greenville runs viâ Newport and joins the above route at Dover.]

*Moosehead Lake, the largest in Maine, with 400 miles of shore-line (35 M. long, 1-15 M. wide), lies about 1000 ft. above the sea and is drained by the Kennebec River. Its waters abound in trout and other fish, and the forests surrounding it are well stocked with moose, caribou, deer, and ruffled grouse. See L. L. Hubbard's 'Guide to Moosehead Lake'. Black flies and mosquitoes are very troublesome here in summer. - From Greenville a small steamer plies in summer to (17 M.) Mt. Kineo (1760 ft.; *View), which projects into the lake on the E. side, so as to narrow it down to a channel 1 M. across. The *Mt. Kineo Hotel ($2-41/2; 500 beds) is a favourite resort of anglers and their families. The steamer goes on from Mt. Kineo to (18 M.) the N. end of the lake, whence a portage of 2 M. leads to the upper waters of the Penobscot River. Enterprising travellers may descend this river and the lakes along it in birch-bark canoes (with guides) to Mattawamkeag (p. 98; 6-8 days). A good view is obtained to the E. of Mt. Ktaadn or Katahdin (5200 ft.) which is also visible from Moosehead Lake (to the N.E.) in clear weather. Greenville is also a station on the Canadian Pacific Railway from St. John, viâ Mattawamkeag (comp. p. 98), to Lake Megantic (84 M. from Greenville; frequented by sportsmen) and Sherbrooke (151 M. from Greenville; see p. 109). This line traverses an excellent sporting district.

The Bar Harbor branch crosses the Penobscot and runs from Bangor toward the S.E. The chief station is (166 M.) Ellsworth, a ship-building place with 4804 inhab., at the head of navigation of Union River. We pass Green Lake (well stocked with landlocked salmon and trout) on the left and another small lake on the right. At (172 M.) Franklin Road we have our first view of Mt. Desert (right). 177 M. Mt. Desert or Bar Harbor Ferry (Bluffs Hotel, $3-4). The train runs alongside the steamer, which crosses *Frenchman's Bay to (186 M.) Bar Harbor (see p. 102), usually calling first at Sorrento (Sorrento Hotel, $3-5, with good café-restaurant), a pleasant resort on the mainland.

b. Via Rockland.

156 M. MAINE CENTRAL RAILROAD to (86 M.) Rockland in 31/2 hrs.; STEAMER from Rockland to (70 M.) Bar Harbor in 5 hrs. (through-fare $4). As far as (29 M.) Brunswick this route coincides with that above described. Here we diverge to the right and soon reach (38 M.) Bath (Sagadahoc Ho.), a small ship-building town with 8723 inhab., on the Kennebec, 12 M. from the sea.

Small steamers ply from Bath down the Kennebec to Popham Beach (Ocean Ho.; Eureka), Boothbay (Menawarmet, $3), Squirrel Island (Chase Ho., $2), and other points in the charming archipelago at the mouth of the river. A little to the E. of the estuary of the Kennebec is the historic peninsula of Pemaquid, off which the American brig 'Enterprise' captured the British brig 'Boxer' after a hard contest (Sept. 4th, 1814). Both commanders were killed (see p. 96).

Through-carriages for Rockland are carried across the river to (39 M.) Woolwich. 56 M. Newcastle & Damariscotta. To the left

lies Damariscotta Lake. 88 M. Rockland (Thorndike Hotel, $3; Bay Point, $2), a ship-building and lime-burning city, with 8174 inhab., is situated on Owl's Head Bay, an inlet of Penobscot Bay. Steamers ply hence to Boston, Portland, Bangor, Mt. Desert, and several of the islands in Penobscot Bay. We here leave the railway and embark on the Mt. Desert steamer.

About 8 M. to the N. (reached by stage or steamer) lies Camden (Bay View, from $2; Mountain View, $2), a favourite seashore-resort, backed by fine hills (Mt. Megunticook, etc.) rising to a height of 1300-1450 ft.

Two steamers, following somewhat different routes, ply at present from Rockland to Bar Harbor.

That of the Boston & Bangor Steamship Co. leaves Rockland in the morning, on the arrival of the steamer from Boston to Bangor, and steers to the E., between the islands of North Haven on the left and Vinal Haven and Calderwood's Neck on the right, passing through the so-called Fox Island Thoroughfare. It then crosses Isle-au-Haut Bay, with the Isle au Haut (so named from its height) lying at some distance to the right. We next enter the Deer Island Thoroughfare, threading our way amid the archipelago of small islands to the S. of Deer Isle and touching at Green's Landing, on Deer Isle itself (small steamers hence to Isle au Haut). Farther on we pass Swan Island and the Placentia Isles (both to the right), while the mountains of Mt. Desert come in sight ahead. Passing Bar Harbor Head (lighthouse), at the S. end of Mt. Desert (left), we soon turn to the N. (left) and steer between Mt. Desert and Cranberry Island. After calling at South West Harbor and North East Harbor (see p. 104), on opposite sides of the entrance to Somes Sound (p. 105), the steamer steers to the E., with Greening's Island and Bear Island (lighthouse) to the left and Sutton Island to the right. It then turns again to the N. and runs along the fine E. coast of Mt. Desert, passing Otter Cliffs, Great Head (p. 103), etc. Egg Rock Lighthouse lies at some distance to the right. About 5-6 hrs. after leaving Rockland we reach Bar Harbor (see p. 102), passing the pretty little Porcupine Island.

The steamer of the Portland, Mt. Desert, & Machias Co. leaves Rockland every Tues., Thurs., & Sat. at 6 a.m., or on arrival of the 7 p.m. train from Boston. It first steers to the N. through the beautiful archipelago of Penobscot Bay, leaving North Haven (see above) to the right, and passing the long Islesborough to the left. To the left, too, on the mainland, rise the Camden Hills (see above). About 2 hrs. after leaving Rockland we reach Castine (Acadian Hotel, $21/2-3; Castine, $2), a pleasant little town on a peninsula projecting into the bay, now a favourite summer-resort. The steamer next retraces its course for a time, turns to the left (E.), and enters the narrow Eggemoggin Reach, between the mainland on the left and Little Deer and Deer Islands on the right. It touches here at Sargentville and Sedgwick, two resorts on the mainland, and at Deer Isle. Quitting this sound we steer first to the N.E. round Naskeag