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ENVIRONS. East and West Rocks are two masses of trap-rock on the plain near the city. The East Rock (360 ft.), 2 M. from the Green (tramway viâ State St.) has been made a public park and is surmounted by a war-monument (Inn; *View). The West Rock (400 ft.), 21/4 M. to the N.W. of the Green (tramway through Chapel St.), ascended with more difficulty, is also a good point of view. Goffe and Whalley, two of the regicides, lay concealed here in the Judge's Cave. Savin Rock (Sea- View Ho., $3) is a bold promontory, commanding a view of Long Island Sound (p. 66; tramway from the Green). A STEAMER plies twice daily from New Haven to New York in 5 hrs. (75 c., return-fare $1.25, state-room $1).

Beyond New Haven the train turns to the left and runs inland (N.). To the left we obtain a good view of the East and West Rocks (see above). The line follows the Quinnipiac valley.

110 M. Hartford (Allyn House, near the rail. station, $4; Capitol, $3; *Heublein, R. from $1; City Hotel, $2-3; United States Hotel, $21/2-3; Rail. Restaurant; cab 50c. for each pers. to any point in the city), the capital of Connecticut, is finely situated on the Connecticut River, at its confluence with the Park River, 50 M. from Long Island Sound. It contains extensive manufactories of steam-engines, small-arms (Colt's Factory), bicycles (Pope Manufacturing Co.), etc., and is noted for its powerful insurance companies (assets $ 150,000,000). A Dutch fort was established here in 1633, and the town was founded three years later. Its population is (1890) 53,230. The Union Depot is near the centre of the town. To the S.W. of it, beyond the Park River, lies *Bushnell Park, containing the handsome white marble *CAPITOL, a conspicuous object in most views of the town. The Senate Chamber contains a good portrait of Washington, by Stuart. Fine view from the Dome (250 ft.). Following Capitol Avenue to the E. and then turning to the left, along Main Street, we reach (right) the WADSWORTH ATHENEUM, containing a gallery of paintings and sculptures, a library, and the collections of the Historical Society (9-4). Adjacent is the Etna Life Insurance Building, and a little farther on is the Post Office. Opposite is the Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance Co. By continuing to follow Main St. in the same direction we reach (20 min.) the State Arsenal.

Near the State House are the High School, the Hartford Orphan Asylum, and the Hartford Theological Institute. About 1 M. to the S. is Trinity College, an E. E. building by Burges of London.

The Colt Firearms Factory is in the S.E. part of the city, and near it is the handsome *Church of the Good Shepherd, erected in memory of Col. Colt, inventor of the revolver, by his wife.

A tablet at the corner of Charter Oak Place marks the site of the 'Charter Oak', where in 1687 a colonial gentleman hid the charter of Connecticut (now in the Capitol), to save it from the clutches of Sir Edmund Andros (p. 24). Among other large buildings are the Retreat for the Insane, the Deaf and Dumb Asylum, the Old Folks Home, and the City Hospital.

Mr. S. L. Clemens ('Mark Twain'; 351 Farmington Ave.), Mr. Charles Dudley Warner, and Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe (Nos. 37 and 49 Forest St.)

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are residents of Hartford.
Many pleasant Drives
vicinity (Talcott Mt., Tumbledown Brook, etc.).
New York, Sag Harbor (p. 57), etc.

may be taken in the Steamers ply daily to

Beyond Hartford (Capitol conspicuous to the right) the train continues to follow the same general direction (N.N.E.), crossing the Connecticut River. Between (127 M.) Thompsonville and (132 M.) Longmeadow we enter Massachusetts (the 'Bay State').

136 M. Springfield (Massasoit House, $3-5; Cooley's, $21/2; Warwick, $21/2-3; Haynes' Hotel, $2-3; Railway Restaurant), a pretty little city on the E. bank of the Connecticut, dating from 1636, carries on a great variety of industries, the most important of which is the manufacture of small-arms. Pop. (1890) 44, 179. The UNITED STATES ARMOURY, in a park to the E. of the station (reached viâ State St.), employs about 500 hands and turns out 30,000 Springfield rifles annually (apply at office for a pass; no adm. on Sun.). View from tower. The Arsenal contains 225,000 stand of arms. During the Civil War 800,000 guns were made here. Among the principal buildings are the Church of the Unity, Christ Church, the Memorial Church (N. end of city), the *Court House, the "Railway Station (those two designed by H. H. Richardson), the City Hall, and the City Library (75,000 vols.; also a museum). A visit may also be paid to "Forest Park (S.; ponds covered with lotusplants), Stearns Park (with the *Puritan, a statue by St. Gaudens), and the two Cemeteries. The annual foot-ball match between Yale and Harvard is played at Springfield (Hampden Park). Good views are obtained from Crescent Hill Road (S.) and from the bridges.

At Springfield our train joins the Boston and Albany R. R. and turns to the E. (right). Little of interest is passed before Worcester.

190 M. Worcester (Bay State, $21/2-31/2; Lincoln, Waldo, $21/2-3; Colonnade, $2; Brunswick, $21/2-3; Rail. Restaurant; cab 50c. for each pers., tramways 5c.), the second city of Massachusetts and 'heart of the Commonwealth', with (1890) 84,655 inhab., occupies a pleasant hill-girt site near the Blackstone River. Its manufactures are of a most heterogeneous character, the staples being iron, copper, and steel wire, machinery, envelopes, boots and shoes, organs, and pianos (value of manufactured products in 1890, $39,860,000 or 7,972,000l.).

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From the Union Depot, by H. H. Richardson, we proceed to the W. through Front St. to (5 min.) the COMMON, which contains a War Monument and a Memorial of Col. Timothy Bigelow.

Along the W. side of the Common runs MAIN STREET, which we at first follow towards the right, passing Pearl St. (1.), with the Post Office. The street ends at Lincoln Square, just on this side of which, to the left, stand two Court Houses and the building of the *AMERICAN ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY (open 9-5, except Sat. afternoon).

This society, one of the leading learned bodies of America, was founded in 1812 and possesses a valuable library of 90,000 vols. (esp. rich on American subjects) and an interesting collection of relics. The collection of news

papers, comprising over 4000 vols., extends from the Boston News Letter of 1704 down to the present day.

In Lincoln Sq. stands the old Salisbury House, an interesting specimen of a Colonial mansion.

Highland Street leads to the W, from Lincoln Sq. to Elm Park and (1 M.) Newton Hill (670 ft.), which commands an extensive *View of the city and its surroundings. Salisbury Street runs N.W. to (1/2 M.) Salisbury Pond, on which are the huge Wire Works of Washburn & Moen (interesting processes). The old Bancroft House, in which George Bancroft (1800-91), the historian, was born, is in this street, 1 M. from the square. Belmont St. leads to the E., between Millstone Hill and Bell Pond, to (12 M.) the enormous State Lunatic Asylum (1000 patients; *View).

Following Main St. to the left (S.) from the Common, we pass several churches and reach (11/2 M.; to the right) the large, though not handsome CLARK UNIVERSITY, opened in 1887 and intended rather for the endowment of research than for ordinary educational purposes. The Chemical Department is admirably equipped. Main St. ends 1/2 M. farther on at WEBSTER SQUARE.

From this point an Electric Tramway runs through Cherry Valley to Leicester and (12 M.) Spencer. A pleasant walk of 2 M. may be taken round Coe's Pond, to the W. of Webster Sq.

Among other buildings of interest are the Free Public Library (80,000 vols.), Elm St.; the High School, Walnut St.; the Natural Historical Society's Museum, Foster St. (9-5); All Saints' Church, Irving St.; the Polytechnic Institute; the Oread Institute; and the College of the Holy Cross (R. C.), commandingly situated on Mt. St. James (690 ft.), to the S. of the town.

Among the pleasantest excursions from Worcester is that to Lake Quinsigamond, 2 M. to the E., reached by electric tramway.

Beyond Worcester the train makes an abrupt turn to the right (S.) and passes Lake Quinsigamond (left; comp. above). - 213 M. South Framingham (Old Colony Ho., $21/2; pop. 9239), a manufacturing place and junction of several railways.

The railway to (29 M.) Lowell passes (7 M.) Sudbury, near which is an old Colonial tavern, the original of Longfellow's 'Wayside Inn'.

Cochituate Lake, to the left, near (217 M.) Natick (9118 inhab.), is one of the sources of Boston's water-supply. To the left of (220 M.) Wellesley (Bon Air Hotel) are the buildings of *Wellesley College, one of the best-known colleges for women in the United States, situated in a beautiful park (700 students). 224 M. Auburndale (Woodlawn Park Hotel); 225 M. West Newton; 227 M. Newtonville; 228 M. Newton, all included in the wealthy suburban city of Newton (24,379 inhab.). 230 M. Brighton, with a large cattlemarket and slaughter-houses. To the left is the Charles River. The train then skirts the N. end of Brookline (p. 85; stat. Cottage Farm), affording a good view (left) of the Charles River, Cambridge (p. 83), Boston (with the gilded dome of the State House), and Charlestown Heights (p. 85). In entering Boston we pass over the 'Back Bay' (p. 82), with Back Bay Park to the right.

234 M. Boston (Boston & Albany Depot), see R. 5.

b. Viå New York and New England Railway.

This railway runs between New York and Boston in the three following combinations.

(1). By NEW YORK, NEW HAVEN, AND HARTFORD R.R. to (127 M.) Willimantic and thence by NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND R.R to (86 M.) Boston. This, the so-called 'Air Line' route (referring to the 'Air Line Division' of the N.Y.N.H. & H.R.R. from New Haven to Willimantic), is the shortest route (213 M. in 53/4-71/2 hrs.) between the two cities and is described below. Its best train is the 'White Train' at 3 p.m. (in each direction), with parlor and dining-cars (fares as above).

(2). By N.Y.N.H. & H.R.R. to (110 M.) Hartford and thence by N.Y. & N.E. R. R. to (32 M.) Willimantic and (86 M.) Boston (in all 228 M., in 61/2 hrs.; fares, parlor - cars, and dining-cars as above). The first part of this route is described in R. 4a, the last part is described below. Between Hartford and Willimantic the chief stations are (8 M.) Manchester (a manufacturing town; S222 inhab.) and (12 M.) Vernon.

(3). By N. Y. SIXTH AVENUE ELEVATED R. R. to 155th St. (see p. 11), thence by NEW YORK AND NORTHERN RAILROAD to (54 M.) Brewsters, and thence by N.Y. & N.E.R.R. to Willimantic and (191 M.) Boston (245 M. in all, in about 8 hrs.; fares as above). This route is not much used by passengers from New York to Boston, except at night, but affords direct connection with the country to the W. of the Hudson. The chief stations between Brewsters and Hartford are: 64 M. (from New York) Danbury (Turner Hotel, $3), a town of 16,552 inhab., with large hat-factories, and the junction of the Danbury and Norwalk R. R. (see p. 57); 70 M. Hawleyville, junction of the Housatonic R. R. (see p. 135); 94 M. Waterbury (Scovill $22; Cooley, Franklin, $2), a prosperous manufacturing town with 25,646 inhab. and the junction of the Naugatuck R. R., well known for the cheap Waterbury watches', of which about 300,000 are turned out here yearly; 118 M. New Britain (Ruswin, $21/2-3), the birthplace of Elihu Burritt (181079), the 'Learned Blacksmith', a busy town with 19,007 inhab., engaged in making locks, jewellery, and hardware.

From New York to (73 M.) New Haven, see R. 4a. The 'Air Line Division' (see above) here diverges to the right from the line to Hartford. 97 M. Middletown (McDonough, $21/2), the junction of the line from Saybrook to Hartford, is a busy town of 9013 inhab., on the Connecticut River. It is the seat of the Wesleyan University (200 students; *View from the chapel-tower; good library and collections of natural history), the Berkley Divinity School (Episcopal), and the State Insane Asylum. 98 M. Portland, with fine quarries of red sandstone.-127 M. Willimantic (Hooker Ho., $21/2), a manufacturing borough on the river of the same name, with 8648 inhab., is the point where we join the N. Y. & N. E. R. R. and is also the junction of the Central Vermont R. R. (see above). 152 M. Putnam; 160 M. East Thompson, the junction of lines to Southbridge, Worcester (p. 61), and Norwich (p. 67). 178 M. Woonsocket Junction; 205 M. Hyde Park; 208 M. Dorchester, the last two suburban towns of Boston. The train crosses the South Bay, tra verses South Boston, and enters the Summer Street terminus at213 M. Boston (see R. 5).

c. Viâ Providence and the Shore Line.

232 M. RAILWAY in 52/3-7 hrs. (fares, etc., as above). N. Y. N. H. & H.R.R. to (124 M.) New London; NEW YORK, PROVIDENCE, AND BOSTON R. R. thence to (186 M.) Providence; OLD COLONY R.R. thence to (231 M.) Boston.

A vestibuled train with through - carriages runs on this route from Boston to Washington, the train being carried from Harlem River to Jersey City (see p. 51) by steamboat (day-service; D. on steamer $1).

From New York to (73 M.) New Haven, see p. 58.

The 'Shore Line Division' of the N. Y. N. H. & H.R.R. crosses the Quinnipiac and continues to follow the shore of Long Island Sound, of which it affords fine views. 82 M. Branford (Branford Point House, Double Beach House, and several other summer-hotels) and (85 M.) Stony Creek (Island View Ho., etc.) are popular bathing-resorts. 89 M. Guilford (Guilford Point Ho., to the S. of the town) was the birthplace of the poet Fitz-Greene Halleck (1790-1867). At (105 M.) Saybrook, near the mouth of the Connecticut River, we intersect the Conn. Valley R.R., which begins at Old Saybrook or Saybrook Point, 2 M. to the S., and runs to Middletown, etc. (see p. 62). · Beyond Saybrook we cross the wide Connecticut.

124 M. New London (Crocker House, $21/2-31/2; Fort Griswold Ho., across the river, $3-4), a small city on the right bank of the Thames, with 13,757 inhab. and an excellent harbour, defended by Fort Trumbull (seen from the station) and Fort Griswold (on the other side of the river). Just above the town is a U. S. Navy Yard. Whaling and sealing are carried on, though by no means on the same scale as of old. The Yale and Harvard boat-race is decided here in June or July, and several other colleges have boat-houses on the Thames. The Public Library is handsome.

The Obelisk (134 ft. high), which stands out so prominently on the Groton Heights, on the E. bank of the river (ferry 4c.), was erected to commemorate the burning of the town by Arnold and the massacre of Fort Griswold on Sept. 6th, 1781 (*View from the top; adm. 10c.). At the mouth of the Thames, 3 M. from New London, is the Pequot House ($3-4), a favourite resort (steamer from New London). Steamers also ply from New London to White Beach, Newport (p. 68), Block Island (see below), Norwich (p. 67), Sag Harbor (p. 57), New York, etc. (see below). FROM NEW LONDON TO BRATTLEBORO, 121 M., New London & Northern R.R. (a branch of the Central Vermont R.R.) in 5 hrs. 13 M. Norwich, see p. 67; 30 M. Willimantic (p. 62); 65 M. Palmer. -85 M. Amherst (Amherst Ho., $21/2), with 4000 inhab., is chiefly interesting as the site of AMHERST COLLEGE, one of the leading educational institutions of New England (founded in 1821; 3-400 students). Among the chief buildings of the college are the Memorial Chapel, the Walker Hall, and the Gymnasium. Its collections of Assyrian sculptures, minerals, casts, and ancient tracks in stone are of great importance. 100 M. Miller's Falls (p. 134); 111 M. South Vernon (p. 143). 121 M. Brattleboro, see p. 143.

We now follow the tracks of the New York, Providence, and Boston R.R., crossing the Thames by a huge swing-bridge (view), to (126 M.) Groton (see above). 136 M. Stonington (Hoxie Ho., $2), a quiet town with 7184 inhab., is the terminus of the 'Stonington Line' of steamers from New York (see p. 66).

Steamers ply daily from Stonington to (4 M.) Watch Hill and (20 M.) Block Island. Watch Hill (Watch Hill Ho., Ocean, Larkin, $4; Plimpton, Narragansett, $21/2-4; Atlantic, $2-3) is a sea-bathing place at the S.W. extremity of Rhode Island (comp. p. 64), commanding fine views. - Block Island (Ocean View, $3-5; Spring Ho., $31/2; Manisses, $21/2-3/2; Eureka, $2-3), an island 8 M. long and 2-4 M. broad, situated 10 M. from the coast

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