the villages along its shores (on the S. division of the Long Island R. R.) are much frequented in summer by New Yorkers.

Among other points on Long Island (all reached by the Long Island Railway) are Garden City (19 M. from New York), laid out by A. T. Stewart as a model suburban residence for New Yorkers and containing a handsome Episcopal cathedral built by him; Shelter Island (Prospect Ho., $ 31/24; Manhanset Ho., $4), in Gardiner's Bay, a frequented summer-resort; Sag Harbor, a large village at the E. end of the island, with a coastingtrade; Flushing, 8 M. from Long Island, with 8436 inhab. and the homes of many New Yorkers; Brentwood (The Austral, $4), a pine-wood resort in the interior of the island; and Creedmoor, with its rifle-range (p. 18), 5 M. beyond Flushing. On the E. Long Island ends in the bold bluffs of Montauk Point, with its lighthouse.

4. From New York to Boston.

a. Viâ New Haven, Hartford, and Springfield.

234 M. RAILWAY (New York, New Haven, and Hartford Railroad to Springfield; Boston and Albany Railroad thence to Boston) in 52/3-61/2 hrs. (fare $5, sleeping-berth $ 11/2, seat in drawing-room car $1); five express trains daily, including one at night (11 p.m., arriving at 6.15 a.m.). Dining-car on the afternoon train (D. $1) and buffet-cars on all other trains.

The train starts from the Grand Central Depot (p. 6), runs through the long tunnels under Park Avenue (see p. 37), crosses the Harlem River, and traverses the somewhat unkempt environs of New York. To the right, at (9 M.) Fordham, are the large buildings of the Jesuit St. John's College. A little farther on, to the left, lies Woodlawn Cemetery, and beyond (12 M.) Woodlawn our line diverges to the right from the New York and Harlem R. R. and skirts Long Island Sound (p. 66). — 161⁄2 M. New Rochelle, founded by Huguenot refugees in 1691. Thomas Paine (1737-1809) had a farm here, granted to him by New York State, and is commemorated by a monument. 24 M. Rye, the station for (2 M.) Rye Beach, a summer-resort on the Sound. Beyond (251/2 M.) Port Chester we cross the Byram River and enter New England. 28 M. Greenwich (Belle Haven, $3; Lenox House, $2; *Indian Harbor House, at Indian Harbor, 1 M. to the S.E.), the first station in Connecticut (pron. Connéticut; the 'Nut-meg State'), is a small town with 10,131 inhab., pleasantly situated on heights overlooking Long Island Sound. It was settled in 1640 and contains the villas of many New Yorkers.

331/2 M. Stamford (Stamford House, Union, $2; Ocean House, finely situated on Shippan Point, 13/4 M. to the S.), with 15,700 inhab., is a town of the same age as Greenwich and is also a favourite residence and summer-resort of New York merchants (steamer to New York 35c.). 411/2 M. South Norwalk (Mahackemo, $2-212) is the station for (11/2 M.; tramway) Norwalk (Norwalk House, $2; pop. 17,747), another summer-resort, and the junction of the Danbury and Norwalk branch of the Housatonic Railway (see p. 135). 51 M. Fairfield (Merwin House, Manor House, $3) has, perhaps, the best bathing- beach on Long Island Sound. 56 M. Bridgeport (Atlantic House, $21/2; Wilson House, $2), a flourishing city of (1890) 48,866 inhab., lies on an inlet of the

Sound, at the mouth of the Pequonnock River. It possesses important manufactures of sewing - machines (Wheeler & Wilson, Howe), small- arms, ammunition, carriages, and other articles (total value in 1890, $22,000,000). The winter-quarters of Barnum & Bailey's Circus are at Bridgeport. Golden Hill, above the town, with numerous villas, affords good views. Bridgeport is the junction of the Housatonic R. R. (R. 18). Steamers daily to New York (50c.). Farther on the train crosses salt-marshes and enters the large Union Depot at

73 M. New Haven (New Haven House, $4-5; Elliott Ho., 3-31/2; Tontine, Tremont, $21/2-3; Rail. Restaurant; cab 50c. per drive, 2 pers. 35c. each), the largest city of Connecticut and seat of Yale College, is a well-built city, situated at the head of a bay of (4 M.) Long Island Sound and surrounded by hills. It is known as the 'City of Elms', from the fine trees which shade its streets, and carries on a considerable trade and numerous manufactures (value in 1890 $29,000,000). The town was founded in 1638. In 1800 it had about 5000 inhab., and in 1890 it had 81,298.

The Union Depot faces the Harbour. About 1/2 M. to the N. is the *PUBLIC GREEN, on which are the City Hall, three Churches, and the State House. At the back of Centre Church is a monument to John Dixwell, the regicide.

In College St., which skirts the W. side of the Green, are the substantial buildings of "YALE UNIVERSITY, Which is second in dignity and importance to Harvard alone among the universities of America. Besides the Academic Department, it has schools of Science, Theology, Medicine, Law, Fine Arts, and Philosophy. It has 180 instructors and over 1900 students.

Yale University was founded at Killingworth in 1700 and established at New Haven in 1717. It was named in honour of Elihu Yale (1648-1721), a native of New Haven, who became Governor of Madras and of the East India Co. He presented it with 4007. Perhaps the most eminent of its Presidents was Timothy Dwight (1795-1817), and the list of its alumni includes Eli Whitney (inventor of the cotton-gin), Samuel Morse, Jonathan Edwards, Noah Webster, Theodore Winthrop (author of 'Cecil Dreeme'), E. C. Stedman, J. Fenimore Cooper, N. P. Willis, etc.

Among the most prominent buildings of the University are the *Art School, containing a good collection of Italian, American, and other paintings and sculptures (p. lxxxiii); the *Peabody Museum of Natural History, in which the mineralogical collections are especially fine; the Sheffield Scientific School (four halls), munificently endowed and finely equipped; the Osborn Hall; Battell Chapel; the new Gymnasium (Elm St.); the Alumni Hall; Dwight Hall; the Divinity School; the Observatory; the Physical Laboratory; and the Chemical Laboratory. The Library contains over 200,000 volumes.

The "OLD BURYING GROUND, in Grove St., at the head of High St., a little to the right of the Green, contains the graves of Sam. Morse (1791-1872), Noah Webster (1758-1843), President Timothy Dwight (1752-1817), Theodore Winthrop (1828-61), and Eli Whitney (1765-1825). To the N. from Grove St. runs HILLHOUSE AVENUE, the most beautiful of the elm-shaded streets of New Haven. It ends at Sachem's Wood.