h the pleasure-resort called the Erastina Grove. Beyond way crosses the Sound to New Jersey. At (1 M.) View Hotel), on the Arrochar line, are the headwanhaka Yacht Club (p. 17) and the New York Canoe M Stapleton, the birthplace of Commodore Cornelius (7), who took the first step towards amassing his huge a ferry to New York; 2/2 M. Clifton, with a house aribaldi; 312 M. Fort Wadsworth (p. 2); 412 M. Arroa popular day-resort for New Yorkers (boating, bathongest line is that runnig S. to Tottenville. Beyond t passes (6 M.) Grant City, with the mausolea of the 91/2 M. Giffords, a fishing-resort; 11 M. Woods of grounds; 13 M. Prince's Bay, another fishing-place; on House), with the old Billop House (ca. 1670), where klin and John Adams after the battle of Long Island is connected by ferry with Perth Amboy (p. 222). Many For of the islands are still very quiet and primitive, will find numerous pleasant walks. For farther details, sland'.

SHORE. The cities on the right bank of the Hudson ately opposite New York, though practically forming re in a different state (New Jersey) and under inde

They offer little of special interest for the tourist. Jersey City (Taylor's Hotel), the southernmost and lation of (1890) 163,000, contains many glass-works, ine-shops, foundries, and other industrial establishments, half the railways centring at New York (comp. p. 6), w of the Transatlantic steamship companies. With the hurches and a new city hall (in progress), it has almost gs. To the N. of Jersey City lies Hoboken, with large 00) 43,648 inhab., a large proportion of whom are GerIns the wharves of some European steamships. Stevens Contains the Stevens Institute, a polytechnic school of good Stevens, the house of its founder, the late Commodore ill above. Farther to the N. are the Elysian Fields, an ing good views of the river, but now much neglected. an Fields lies Weehawken, with about 2000 inhabitants. f the duel between Alex. Hamilton and Aaron Burr ahab.), on the hill behind Weehawken, has a winter arge brewery, with a beer-garden on the roof. 3 Hudson City, with the Schützen Park, a favourite ns of New York. Fort Lee, on the site of the rethat name, at the point where the higher part of the ins, nearly opposite 170th St., is now the property of ch has built a good hotel and pavilion and laid out the

Boating and bathing are among the attractions. It from Canal St. (15 c.) or 129th St. (10 c.). The *View arther up is very fine.

ey Island, and other resorts on Long Island, see R. 3. ints to which excursions are easily made from New ch and the other seaside resorts of the New Jersey akers, Dobbs Ferry, Tarrytown, and other points on 21); Glen Island (p. 67), New Rochelle, and other places d (R. 4); and Greenwood Lake (p. 198).

TO CHATHAM, 127 M., railway (Harlem Division of R) in 31/2-43/4 hrs. This line is much used by residents istricts to the N. of Manhattan Island. From New dlawn, see p. 57. Our line follows the course of the left). 44 M. Golden's Bridge is the junction of a line onac. 52 M. Brewster's (p. 62), junction of the N. Y. & From (127 M.) Chatham lines run to (38 M.) Lebanon (57 M.) Bennington and to (17 M.) Hudson (p. 151).

51/2 M. Erastina, with the pleasure-resort called the Erastina Grove. Beyond Erastina the railway crosses the Sound to New Jersey. At (1 M.) Tompkinsville (Bay View Hotel), on the Arrochar line, are the headquarters of the Seawanhaka Yacht Club (p. 17) and the New York Canoe Club (p. 17); 13/4 M Stapleton, the birthplace of Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt (1794-1877), who took the first step towards amassing his huge fortune by starting a ferry to New York; 2/2 M. Clifton, with a house once occupied by Garibaldi; 3/2 M. Fort Wadsworth (p. 2); 4/2 M. Arrochar or South Beach, a popular day-resort for New Yorkers (boating, bathing, etc.). The longest line is that runnig S. to Tottenville. Beyond Clifton (see above) it passes (6 M.) Grant City, with the mausolea of the Vanderbilt family; 91/2 M. Giffords, a fishing-resort; 11 M. Woods of Arden, with picnic grounds; 13 M. Prince's Bay, another fishing-place; 16 M. Tottenville (Union House), with the old Billop House (ca. 1670), where Gen. Howe met Franklin and John Adams after the battle of Long Island (p. 32). Tottenville is connected by ferry with Perth Amboy (p. 222). Many points in the interior of the islands are still very quiet and primitive, and the pedestrian will find numerous pleasant walks. For farther details, see Kobbe's 'Staten Island'.

(2). NEW JERSEY SHORE. The cities on the right bank of the Hudson or N. River, immediately opposite New York, though practically forming part of that city, are in a different state (New Jersey) and under independent government. They offer little of special interest for the tourist. Ferries, see p. 4. Jersey City (Taylor's Hotel), the southernmost and largest, with a population of (1890) 163,000, contains many glass-works, sugar-refineries, machine-shops, foundries, and other industrial establishments, the stations of about half the railways centring at New York (comp. p. 6), and the docks of a few of the Transatlantic steamship companies. With the exception of a few churches and a new city hall (in progress), it has almost no handsome buildings. To the N. of Jersey City lies Hoboken, with large silk-factories and (1890) 43,648 inhab., a large proportion of whom are Germans. It also contains the wharves of some European steamships. Stevens Park, on the river, contains the Stevens Institute, a polytechnic school of good reputation. Castle Stevens, the house of its founder, the late Commodore Stevens, is on the hill above. Farther to the N. are the Elysian Fields, an open common, affording good views of the river, but now much neglected. Beyond the Elysian Fields lies Weehawken, with about 2000 inhabitants. It was the scene of the duel between Alex. Hamilton and Aaron Burr Guttenberg (1917 inhab.), on the hill behind Weehawken, has a winter race-course and a large brewery, with a beer-garden on the roof. Behind Hoboken lies Hudson City, with the Schützen Park, a favourite resort of the Germans of New York. Fort Lee, on the site of the revolutionary fort of that name, at the point where the higher part of the Palisades (p. 147) begins, nearly opposite 170th St., is now the property of an Association, which has built a good hotel and pavilion and laid out the small Palisades Park. Boating and bathing are among the attractions. It is reached by ferry from Canal St. (15 c.) or 129th St. (10 c.). The *View from the Palisades farther up is very fine.

(3) Brooklyn, Coney Island, and other resorts on Long Island, see R. 3. Among other points to which excursions are easily made from New York are Long Branch and the other seaside resorts of the New Jersey coast (see R. 33); Yonkers, Dobbs Ferry, Tarrytown, and other points on the Hudson (see R. 21); Glen Island (p. 67), New Rochelle, and other places on Long Island Sound (R. 4); and Greenwood Lake (p. 198).

FROM NEW YORK TO CHATHAM, 127 M., railway (Harlem Division of N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R.) in 31/2-43/4 hrs. This line is much used by residents of the suburban districts to the N. of Manhattan Island. From New York to (12 M.) Woodlawn, see p. 57. Our line follows the course of the Bronx River (to the left). 44 M. Golden's Bridge is the junction of a line to (7 M.) Lake Mahopac. 52 M. Brewster's (p. 62), junction of the N. Y. & N. E. R. R. to Boston. - From (127 M.) Chatham lines run to (38 M.) Lebanon Springs (p. 140) and (57 M.) Bennington and to (17 M.) Hudson (p. 151).

3. Brooklyn and Long Island.

Coney Island. Rockaway Beach.

Brooklyn. Hotels. ST. GEORGE, Pineapple St., $3-5, R. from $1; PIERREPOINT HOUSE, Montague St., cor. Hicks St., $3-31/2; MANSION HOUSE, Brooklyn Heights, opposite Wall St.. $3-31/2, all near Brooklyn Bridge; CLARENDON, Washington St., R. from $1.

Railway Stations. Flatbush Avenue Station, Flatbush Ave., cor. 4th Ave., for the trains of the Long Island Railroad (for all points on Long Island; also to Boston, see p. 65); Union Depot, Fifth Ave., cor. 36th St., for Coney Island, Unionville, West Brighton, etc.; Brooklyn & Brighton Beach Station, cor. Atlantic and Franklin Avenues, for Brighton Beach.

Elevated Railroads. Five lines of Elevated Railway, similar to those in New York (p. 10), traverse Brooklyn in various directions (fare 5c.). Four of these radiate from Brooklyn Bridge (or Fulton Ferry), and one starts at the foot of Broadway (opp. Grand St., New York). There are also numerous Horse-Car Lines.

Bridge Cars, see p. 14.

Ferries to New York, see p. 14. Brooklyn, with (1890) 806,343 inhab., is the fourth city of the United States in size and industrial interest, but it is so overshadowed by the proximity of New York as to bulk much less largely in the public eye than many smaller cities. It lies immediately opposite New York, at the W. end of Long Island, and covers an area of about 21 sq. M. It is popularly known as the 'City of Churches', and has also been called the 'Dormitory of New York' from the fact that so many of its residents are New York business men, returning to Brooklyn in the evening.

Brooklyn (Breuckelen) was founded by Walloons in 1623, the first settlement being near Wallabout Bay (p. 66). The most outstanding event in its history is the battle of Long Island (Aug. 26th, 1776), fought on the heights behind the town, in which the British defeated the Americans (see p. 54). The value of Brooklyn's manufactures in 1890 was $253,000,000 (50,600,0007.). They include sugar and oil refining, ship-building, meat-packing, and the making of chemicals, coffee, cordage, carpets, and boilers. Its commerce is also very important.

FULTON STREET, the Broadway of Brooklyn, begins at Fulton Ferry (p. 4), almost under the' shadow of Brooklyn Bridge, and runs hence first to the S. and then to the E., with a total length of 6 M. It is traversed by the King's Co. Elevated Railroad and several tramways. Following it from the bridge or ferry we soon reach (10 min.) an open space in front of the City Hall, a large white marble building, with an Ionic portico and a tower. Opposite is a spirited statue of Henry Ward Beecher (see p. 52), by J. Q. A. Ward. To the E. of the City Hall is the County Court House, a handsome edifice in a Corinthian style. Behind the City Hall, adjoining the Court House, are the Municipal Buildings and the Hall of Records. At the corner of Washington St. and Johnson St., a little to the N. of the City Hall Square, is the new *Post Office, a really fine building, much superior in style to the usual Mansard-roof structures which seem typical of U.S. Federal architecture throughout the country. Its situation, however, does not show it to advantage.