The Warm Sulphur Springs, just to the N. of the city, and Beck's Hot Springs, 2 M. farther on, are frequented for their medicinal qualities.

Among the chief points of resort among the Wahsatch Mts. are the_Big Cottonwood Cañon, a day's drive from the city; the Little Cottonwood Cañon; the City Creek Cañon, close to the city; the Weber Cañon, to the N., and the American Fork and Provo Cañons, in Utah Valley, to the S.

93. San Francisco.

Arrival. Railway Passengers from the N., E., and S. leave the train at Oakland (see p. 399) and reach San Francisco at the Ferry Landing (Pl. G, 2), at the foot of Market St., where cabs (59 c.), hotel-omnibuses (50 c.), and cable, electric, and horse cars (5 c.) meet the steamer. - Those arriving by Steamer also land in the same neighbourhood. The only regular Railway Station in the city is that of the Southern Pacific Railroad (Pl. G, 5), at the cor. of 3rd and Townsend Sts., for Menlo Park, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, San José, Tres Piños, Monterey, Paso Robles, etc. (comp. p. 436).

Hotels. PALACE (Pl. a; F, 3), at the corner of Market St. and Montgomery St., a huge building (1200 beds) surrounding an internal court; front-room and board from $5, court-room (undesirable) and board from $31/2, front-room without board $3, court-room $11/2. CALIFORNIA (Pl. b; F,3), Bush St., R. from $1; BALDWIN (Pl. c; F, 4), cor. of Market and Powell Sts., $21/2-5; GRAND (Pl. d; F, 3), opposite the Palace, of which it is an annex, $3-5, R. $ 1-3; LICK HOUSE (Pl. e; F, 3), cor, of Montgomery and Sutter Sts.; OCCIDENTAL (Pl. f; F, 3), cor. of Montgomery and Bush Sts., $3-5; BELLA VISTA (Pl. g; E, 3), 1001 Pine St., a fashionable family hotel, for a long stay; RICHELIEU, Van Ness Ave., between O'Farrell and Geary Sts., $3-5; GOLDEN WEST, Ellis St., opposite the Baldwin, R. from $1; BERESFORD (Pl. h; F, 3), cor. of Bush and Stockton Sts., $21/2-4; Russ HOUSE (Pl. i; F, 3), cor. of Montgomery and Pine Sts., $11/2-21/2; PLEAS ANTON (PI. j; E, 3), cor. of Sutter and Jones Sts., $3-5; ELMER HOUSE (Pl. k; F, 3), 314 Bush St., a small but comfortable house.

Restaurants. At the California, Palace, and other hotels (see above); Tortoni, 107 O'Farrell St.; Marchand, 115 Grant Ave.; Maison Dorée, Kearny St.; Maison Riche, 104 Grant Ave. and 44 Geary St.; Poodle Dog Rotisserie, cor. Grant Ave. and Bush St.; Viticultural Society, 317 Pine St. (excellent Californian wines); Wilson, Post St. (low prices). Chinese Restaurants, see p. 432.

Tramways.

An excellent system of Cable Cars (fare 5 c.) traverses all the main thoroughfares and neutralizes the steepness of most of the streets (comp. p. 429). An elaborate system of transfers makes it possible to go from almost any point in the city to any other point for a single fare. The stranger should visit one of the 'Cable Power-houses' (e.g. at the cor. of Sutter and Polk Sts., or at the cor. of Mason and Washington Sts.). 'Dummy' Steam Cars run to the Cliff House (see p. 432). Cabs. With one horse, 1-2 pers., 1 M. $1, with two horses (hacks) $112; per hr. $ 11/2, $2; each addit. hr. $1, $ 12. Heavy baggage is usually transported by the transfer companies. Ferries, plying from the foot of Market St., see p. 433.

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Places of Amusement. Baldwin Theatre (Pl. F, 4), 936 Market St.; i California Theatre (Pl. F, 3), 414 Bush St. (very tastefully fitted up); Grand Opera House (Pl. F, 3, 4), Mission St., near 3rd St.; Bush Street Theatre (Pl. F,3; varieties), between Montgomery and Kearny Sts.; Stockwell's Theatre, Eddy St., opposite the Baldwin; Alcazar (Pl. F, 3), 114 O'Farrell St.; Tivoli Opera House (Pl. F, 4), Eddy St., near Powell St. (cheap but fair performances of opera; beer-drinking and smoking allowed); Chinese Theatres, see p. 432. Panorama at the cor. of Market and 10th Sts. (Pl. E, 5). Race Course (Pl. A, 5), near Golden Gate Park (meetings in spring, summer, and autumn); Olympic Club Grounds for baseball, etc. - Woodward's Garden (Pl. E, 6), Mission St., between 13th and 15th St. (beer-garden, with concerts, a small zoological collection, etc.; adm. 25 c.). San Francisco Art Association, 430 Pine St. (picture-gallery).

Clubs. Pacific Union (Pl. F, 3), at the cor. of Union Sq. and Stockton St.; Bohemian (Pl. F, 3), cor. of Sutter and Mason Sts. (literary men, actors, etc.); Cosmos, 317 Powell St; Olympic, Post St., near Mason St.; University, Sutter St.; Press, 430 Pine St.; Deutscher Verein, Pioneer Building (p. 430); San Francisco Verein (German), 219 Sutter St.; Ligue Nationale Française, 305 Larkin St.; Cercle Français, 421 Post St. (these two French); Concordia (Hebrew), at the cor. of Van Ness Ave. and Post St.; California Athletic, 156 New Montgomery St.

Post Office (Pl. F, 2), at the cor. of Washington and Battery Sts. (8-8; Sun. 9-10 a.m. and 2 p.m.); chief branch-office (Station D), at the foot of Market St. Numerous letter-boxes.

British Consul, Mr. Louis Donohoe, 506 Battery St.

San Francisco, the largest city of California and the Pacific Coast and the eighth city of the United States, is grandly situated in 37° 47′ N. lat., at the N. end of a peninsula 30 M. long, separating the Pacific Ocean from San Francisco Bay (see below). The city lies mainly on the shore of the bay and on the steep hills rising from it, but is gradually extending across the peninsula (here 6 M. wide) to the ocean. On the N. it is bounded by the famous "Golden Gate, the narrow entrance (1 M. across) to San Francisco Bay. The city is on the whole well and substantially built but contains fewer large buildings of architectural importance than any other city of its size in the country. In 1890 it contained 298,997 inhab., including about 25,000 Chinese (comp. p. 431).

The Mission of San Francisco (see p. 431) was founded by the Mexicans in 1776, but the modern city really sprang from the village of Yerba Buena ('good herb', i. e. wild mint), founded in 1835, about 3 M. to the E. In 1846 Yerba Buena came under the American flag, and in the following year its name was changed to San Francisco. In 1848, the year of the discovery of gold in California, its population was about 500. In 1850 it was about 25.000, and each subsequent decade has seen an extraordinary increase (56,802 in 1860; 149,473 in 1870; 233,956 in 1880). San Francisco received a city charter in 1850, but its corrupt municipal government led in 1856 to the formation of a Vigilance Committee, which took the law into its own hands and made a very thorough reformation. To make the present site of San Francisco suitable for a large city, an immense amount of work had to be done in cutting down hills and ridges, filling up gullies, and reclaiming the mud flats on the bay (comp. p. 75). The city, however, is still remarkably hilly; and one of its most characteristic sights is the cable cars crawling up the steep inclines like flies on a window-pane. The Climate of San Francisco is wonderfully equable. The mean annual temperature is about 57° Fahr., and no month varies to any great extent from this average. September has the highest average (about 61°), and a few hot days (80-90°) occur about midsummer. The mean temperature of January is about 50°. Visitors should always have warm wraps at hand, especially in the afternoon, when a strong wind usually blows in from the sea. The summer climate is not generally considered beneficial for persons of weak lungs, owing to the wind and the dust; but the man of ordinary health finds the air invigorating and stimulating all the year round. The annual rainfall is about 25 inches. - Earthquakes occur occasionally in San Francisco but are never very destructive. The severest (Oct., 1868) damaged some old and badly built structures considerably and caused the loss of one life.

The Commerce of San Francisco is extensive, the value of its exports and imports amounting to about $ 150,000,000. Among the chief exports are gold and silver, wine, fruit, wool, and bread-stuffs; the imports include coal, timber, rice, sugar, tea, and coffee. The Manufactures include iron, flour, silk and woollen goods, canned fruits and vegetables, leather, liquors,

ship-building, meat-packing, carriages, silver-ware, sugar, glass, brass, machinery, cigars, cordage, etc., and had in 1890 a value of $ 134,000,000. The Population is very heterogeneous, every European nationality being represented here, to say nothing of the Mexicans, Chinese (p. 431), Japanese, Africans, and other non-European races.

MARKET STREBT (Pl. G-C, 2-7), the chief business-thoroughfare, extends to the S. W. from the Ferry Landing (Pl. G, 2) to a point near the twin Mission Peaks (925 ft.), a distance of about 31/2 M. The visitor should begin his inspection of the city by ascending to the top of the tower of the Chronicle Building (Pl. F, 3), in Market St., nearly opposite the Palace Hotel (p. 428), which affords a good bird's-eye view of the city from a central point. He may then supplement this by following KEARNY STREET (Pl. F, 1-3), with many of the best shops, to *Telegraph Hill (Pl. F, 1; 295 ft.), which commands a good view of the Golden Gate (p. 429), the water-front of the City, the Bay, Mt. Tamalpais (N. W.; p. 434). Mt. Diablo (N.N. E.; p. 434), etc.

Following Market St. towards the S.W. from the Chronicle Building we pass between Baldwin's Theatre (Pl. F, 4; right) and the Academy of Sciences (Pl. F, 4; left), the latter with a fine inside staircase of gray Californian marble. A little farther on, at 8th St., a few steps to the right bring us to the large new City Hall (Pl. E, 4, 5; unfinished), a handsome and original structure, in Yerba Buena Park, a little to the N. of Market St., erected at a cost of over $4,000,000 (800,000.). Near it are the large St. Ignatius Church and College (Pl. E, 5) and the Mechanics' Pavilion (Pl. E, 5; the property of the Mechanics' Institute, 31 Post St.), with a library of 50,000 volumes.

The U. S. Branch Mint (Pl. F, 4), in Fifth St., at the corner of Mission St., contains interesting machinery and a collection of coins and relics (adm. 9-12). In 1891 it coined bullion to the value of $ 32,115,007; in 1854-91, $951,000,000.

Among the other chief buildings in the business-quarter are the Post Office (Pl. F, G, 2), at the corner of Battery and Washington Sts.; the Stock Exchange (Pl. F, 3), 327 Pine St.; the Merchants' Exchange (Pl. F, 3) and the Bank of California (Pl. F, 3), California St.; the First National Bank (Pl. F, 3), at the corner of Bush and Sansome Sts.; the Crocker Building (Pl. F, 3); the lofty new Mills Building (Pl. E, 4); and the Odd Fellows Hall (Pl. E, 4), cor. Market and 7th Sts. - The *California Market (PI. F, 3), extending from California St. to Pine St., presents a wonderful show of fruits and vegetables (best in the early morning). The Mercantile Library (Pl. E, 4), at the cor. of Van Ness and Golden Gate Avenues, is a handsome and well-equipped building, with an excellent collection of 70,000 volumes. The California State Mining Bureau, in the building of the Society of Californian Pioneers (Pl. F, 4), 24 Fourth St., contains interesting collections of Californian minerals and reJics (10-5). The California Academy of Science (see above; Market