enclosing which are named North Temple, West Temple, South Temple, and East Temple Streets. The streets to the N. of N. Temple St. are known as 1st North, 2nd North, and so on; those to the W. of W. Temple St. as 1st W., 2nd W., etc.; those to the S. of S. Temple St. as1st S., etc.; those to the E. of E. Temple St. as 1st E., etc. Each block is 1/8 M. long. First East St. was recently renamed State St. Popularly, East Temple St. is known as Main St., South Temple St. as Brigham St., and North Temple St. as Jordan St. On the bench in the N.E. part of the city, the blocks are smaller, and the streets narrower and named differently.

Salt Lake City (4230 ft.), the Zion of the Latter Day Saints or Mormons and the capital of Utah Territory, is finely situated in a spacious upland valley, encircled by mountains, which approach the city closely on the N. and E. (Wahsatch Range), while they are 20 M. distant to the S. and 15 M. distant to the S.W. Great Salt Lake (p. 427) lies 12 M. to the N.W. The city is regularly laid out and the streets are wide and shaded with trees. Each house in the residence-quarters stands in its own garden, the general effect being cool and pleasant. In 1890 the population was 44,843 (twothirds Mormons and the rest 'Gentiles').

Salt Lake City was founded in 1847 by the Mormons, under Brigham Young (p. 426), who had been expelled from Nauvoo (Ill.; see p. 323) the previous year and had made a long and perilous journey across the Indian-haunted plains. The district was then a barren and unpromising desert, but the industrious Mormons set to work at once to plough and plant and began that system of irrigation which has drawn out the latent capabilities of the soil and made the Utah valleys among the most productive regions in the country. The Territory of Utah was organized in 1850, with Brigham Young as the first governor. A copious stream of Mormon immigrants soon set in from Europe; and, in spite of numerous collisions with the U. S. Government on the question of polygamy, the history of the city and territory has been one of steady progress and development. Of late years the proportion of 'Gentile' (i.e. Non-Mormon) inhabitants in Salt Lake City has increased very rapidly and introduced many new features and problems into the situation. Polygamy has been declared illegal by the U. S. Courts and has been discontinued.

+ 'Early in 1820, at Manchester (N. Y.), Joseph Smith, then fourteen years old, became interested in a religious revival but was puzzled by the conflicting doctrines taught. He asked of God in prayer, which sect was right. In answer he saw a vision of God the father and his son Jesus Christ, and was told that all the sects were wrong. In subsequent visions he learned that he was to be the instrument in restoring the Gospel and the Holy Priesthood of the Son of God to men, and in establishing the Church and Kingdom of God upon the earth, never more to be overthrown; also where he would find the inspired history of the aborigines of America engraved in ancient characters on metal plates. This he afterwards translated into English, by the power of God, and published in 1830, as the Book of Mormon. It has been translated and published in Welsh, Swedish, Spanish, Dutch, Hawaiian, and Maori, and translated into Hindustani and Hebrew. On May 15th, 1829, John the Baptist appeared to Joseph Smith and Oliver Cowdery, laid his hands on them, and ordained them to the Aaronic or Lower Priesthood. The same year the apostles Peter, James, and John appeared to them and ordained them to the Apostleship of the Melchisedek or Higher Priesthood.

'The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints was organized with six members, on April 6th, 1830, at Fayette (N. Y.), by Joseph Smith, by

This statement of the origin and doctrines of Mormonism was drawn up for Baedeker's United States in the office of the President of the Church of Latter-Day Saints.

appointment and instruction from God. Twelve apostles, also seventies, high priests, elders, bishops, priests, teachers, and deacons, have been since ordained, now numbering many thousands. They have preached the Gospel to many nations, and hundreds of thousands of believers have been baptized. Wilford Woodruf is the present president of the Church, with George Q. Cannon and Joseph F. Smith as his counsellors, the three constituting the First Presidency.

'Driven from Missouri and Illinois, with their prophet and president, Joseph Smith. and his brother Hyram murdered in Carthage jail (I.) on June 27th, 1844, by an armed mob, the Latter-day Saints were led by Brigham Young to Salt Lake City in 1847, spreading since into the regions about. They now number about 200,000 and have built six Temples to the Lord, the most imposing of which is at Salt Lake City.

'The Latter-Day Saints believe in God the Father; his son Jesus Christ and his atonement; the Holy Ghost; the Gospel, the first principles being faith, repentance, baptism by immersion for remission of sins, and the laying on of hands for imparting the Holy Ghost; the resurrection of the dead, and the eternal judgments; the necessity of divine authority, by calling and ordination, to preach the Gospel and administer its ordinances; apostles, prophets, seventies, high priests, elders, bishops, priests, teachers, and deacons, for the work of the ministry; revelation from God; the Bible, Book of Mormon, and other inspired books; the gathering of Israel and the building up of Zion and Jerusalem; the sacredness and eternity of marriage; and the personal reign of Christ upon the earth as King of Kings and Lord of Lords."

TEMPLE BLOCK (Pl. B, 1, 2), the Sacred Square of the Mormons, lies near the centre of the city and forms the chief object of interest to strangers. It is 10 acres in area, is surrounded by a high adobe wall, and contains the Tabernacle, the Temple, and the Assembly Hall. Visitors are admitted, by the W. gate, from 8 to 12 and 1 to 4.

The *Tabernacle (Pl. B, 2), built in 1864-67, is a huge and extraordinary structure, in the shape of an oval or ellipse, 250 ft. long, 150 ft. wide, and 70 ft. high. It is surmounted by a wooden roof with iron shingles, resembling the shell of a turtle or the inverted hull of a ship, supported by 44 sandstone pillars.

The Interior, presenting one of the largest unsupported arches in the world, has seats for over 8000 people and can accommodate about 12,000. Amorphous though it be, there is something imposing in its size and proportions, while it is well adapted for speaking and hearing. The building is surrounded by a gallery, except at the W. end, where there are a platform for speakers, with seats for the choir and others, and an immense and fine organ. Public religious services are held in the Tabernacle every Sunday at 2 p.m., and it is also used for lectures, concerts, and other meetings.

A little to the E. of the Tabernacle is the new *Temple (Pl. B, 2), a large and handsome building of granite, the corner-stone of which was laid in 1853 and the exterior completed in 1892. It is 186 ft. long from E. to W. and 99 ft. wide. At each end are three pointed towers, the loftiest of which, in the centre of the E. or principal façade, is 210 ft. high and is surmounted by a colossal gilded figure (121/2 ft. high) of the Mormon Angel Moroni (by C. E. Dallin). The cost of the Temple so far has been about $4,000,000.

The Interior is elaborately fitted up and artistically adorned. The emple will be used for the administration of ordinances, including oge (for this world and the next, or for eternity alone) baptism for prayer, theological lectures, preaching, teaching, ordinations, etc.

The Assembly Hall (Pl. B, 2), to the S. W. of the Tabernacle, is a granite building with accommodation for 3000 people, intended for divine service. The interior is adorned with frescoes of scenes from Mormon history. - The famous Endowment House, which stood at the N. W. corner of the Temple Enclosure, has been pulled down. We now follow SOUTH TEMPLE STREET towards the E. To the left (N.) is the Deseret News Office (Pl. C, 2), behind which is the Tithing Storehouse, where the Mormons pay their tithes in kind. A little farther on, also to the left, are the Lion House (Pl. C,2; with a lion over the entrance), one of the residences of Brigham Young; the Office of the President of the Mormon Church; and the Beehive House (Pl. C, 2; surmounted by a beehive, Utah's emblem), another of Brigham Young's houses. On the opposite side of the street (right) are the Templeton Hotel (Pl. c; C, 2); the huge warehouse of Zion's Co-operative Mercantile Institution (Pl. C, 2); the Museum (Pl. C, 2), containing Utah products and curiosities (adm. 25 c.); and the Gardo House (Pl. C, 2), opposite the Beehive House. A little farther to the N.E. is Brigham Young's Grave (Pl. C, 2), surrounded by an ornamental iron railing.

About 1/2 M. to the N. of this point is Prospect Hill (Pl. C, 1), with a tower (adm. 15 c.) commanding an excellent View of the city, its environs, and Salt Lake. Fort Douglas (see below) is seen to the E. A still more extensive view is obtained from Ensign Peak (5050 ft.), which rises a little farther to the N. and may be ascended nearly all the way by carriage. To the N. lies City Creek Cañon, with some pretty scenery.

The other parts of the city call for no especial comment. The Salt Lake Theatre (Pl. C, 2), at the corner of State and 1st S. Sts., is a large building. The old City Hall (Pl. C, 2), is in 1st S. St., near State St. A new and imposing City and County Building is in course of erection in Washington Sq., at the corner of State and 4th S. Sts. (Pl. C, 3). A new Capitol is in contemplation in Capitol Grounds (Pl. C, 1), near Prospect Hill (see above). Among the educational establishments is Deseret University (Pl. B, 1), in Union Sq., attended by 3-400 students. The Territorial Exposition Building is in the Fair Grunds (Pl. D, 3).

On a plateau (500 ft.), 3 M. to the E. of the city, is Fort Douglas, a U. S. military post, reached by the Utah Central Railway or by electric tramway (fare 10 c.). Fine views from the post and from the road to it. Parade and band-concert every afternoon.

*Great Salt Lake, the nearest point of which is 12 M. to the N.W. of Salt Lake City, is 80 M. long and 30 M. wide. Several rivers flow into it, but it has no outlet and gets rid of its superfluous water by evaporation. Its water, which is extraordinarily buoyant, contains about 22 per cent of pure salt (ocean 3-4 p. c., Dead Sea 24 p. c.). A bathe in it is very exhilarating, but bathers should be careful not to get any of the brine into their mouth or eyes. The lake contains several islands, the largest of which are Antelope and Stansbury. It is very shallow in places, and the tints of the water are often very beautiful. The lake may be conveniently visited by taking the Union Pacific R. R. (p. 423; return-fare 50 c.) to (18 M.) Garfield Beach (Hotel), with excellent bathing-arrangements. A small steamer sometimes plies hence to Lake Park (see p. 423). A railroad is in course of construction to Saltair, the nearest bathing-place on the lake, and directly to the W. of the city.