-

23 ft. of water. The train crosses the strait on the 'Solano', the largest ferry-boat in the world, 424 ft. long and accommodating a train of 24 passenger-coaches. 1835 M. Porta Costa, on the S. side of the strait, also has large wharves from which wheat is shipped direct to Europe. We now follow the S. shore of San Pablo Bay (views to the right). 1838 M. Vallejo Junction ('Vallayho'), the starting-point of the ferry to Vallejo (see p. 434), on the opposite shore. Farther on we turn to the S. (left) and see the beautiful *Bay of San Francisco (p. 433) to the W. (right), with Mt. Tamalpais (p. 433) rising beyond 1856 M. Berkeley, with the University of California, situated among trees to the left.

it.

The University of California has played a very important part in the educational development of the Pacific Slope and will repay a visit. It includes departments of Letters, Agriculture, Mechanics, Engineering, Chemistry, Mining, Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy, Astronomy, and Law. It is attended by about 800 students, and tuition is free except in the professional departments (in San Francisco). Lick Observatory (p. 438) is connected with the University. Some of the buildings are handsome, and the college grounds, 250 acres in extent, are picturesque. The experimental grounds have been of great service to the farmers of California. The museums, the *Bacon Art Gallery, and the laboratories also deserve attention. The University commands a splendid *View of the Golden Gate (p. 429) and San Francisco. The State Deaf and Dumb Asylum is also at Berkeley.

1861 M. Oakland (Juanita, $2-4), the 'Brooklyn' of San Francisco, is a flourishing city of 48,682 inhab., pleasantly situated on the E. shore of the Bay of San Francisco. It derives its name from the number of live-oaks in its streets and gardens. The value of its manufactures in 1890 was $6,335,000. The steam-railways which traverse Oakland convey passengers free of charge within the city-limits.

Visitors to Oakland are recommended to take the cable-car to Blair Park, in order to enjoy the splendid *View of San Franciso, the Bay, and the Golden Gate from Inspiration Point (especially fine at sunset). Other points of interest near Oakland are Lake Merritt (boating), Brush Peak (1740 ft.), Moraga Pass (1400 ft.), Alameda (p. 434), and San Leandro.

The San Francisco train skirts the W. side of Oakland and runs out into San Francisco Bay on a mole 11/2 M. long, at the end of which we leave the train and enter the comfortable and capacious ferry-boat which carries us across (4 M., in 20 min.) the bay. In crossing we see Goat, Alcatraz, and Angel islands to the right, with the Marin Peninsula beyond them and the Golden Gate opening to the left of Alcatraz.

1867 M. San Francisco, see p. 428.

88. From Chicago to Kansas City.

a. Via Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fé Railroad. 458 M. RAILWAY in 14-18 hrs. (fare $12.50; sleeper $2.50). From Chicago (Dearborn Station) to (41 M.) Joliet this line follows practically the same route as that described at p. 290.

Beyond

(54 M.) Blodgett we cross the Kankakee. 63 M. Coal City. 93 M. Streator, a city of 11,414 inhab. and a railway-centre of some importance. At (100 M.) Ancona the line forks, the left branch running to St. Louis (p. 311). At (134 M.) Chillicothe we cross the Illinois River and the Rock Island Railway (R. 50 c). -182 M. Galesburg, an important railway-centre (comp.p.390). ·At (229 M.) Dallas we reach the Mississippi, which we cross at (235 M.) Niota. 237 M. Fort Madison (Anthes, Florence, Metropolitan, $2), on the W. bank of the Mississippi, in Iowa (p. 290), is a thriving little city with 7900 inhabitants. The line bends to the S.W. and near (256 M.) Dumas crosses the Des Moines River and enters Missouri (p. 323). 305 M. Hurdland; 352 M. Marceline. From (416 M.) Lexington Junction a branch-line runs to St. Joseph (p. 401) and Atchison (p. 405). Our line now crosses the Missouri. 455 M. Grand Avenue (Kansas City).

458 M. Kansas City (730 ft.; Coates, Midland, Brunswick, $3-5; Victoria, $3-41/2; Bonaventure, $3-4; St. James, $21/2-3; Centropolis, $2), the second city of Missouri, with (1890) 132,716 inhab., lies on the S. bank of the Missouri, just below the influx of the Kansas River. It has grown very rapidly since 1865, when it had only 3500 inhab., and is now an important industrial, commercial, and railway centre (value of manufactures in 1890, $32,700,000). Among the most prominent buildings are the Court House, the Board of Trade Building, the Custom House, the Grand Central Depot, the Winner Office Building, and several Banks and Insurance Offices. The Missouri is crossed here by three fine bridges.

On the opposite bank of the Missouri, at the mouth of the Kansas River, lies Kansas City, Kansas (Ryan Ho., $2-3; Carmo Ho., $2), the largest city in Kansas, with 38,316 inhab. and the second-largest stockyards and packinghouses (Armour, etc.) in the country (value of products in 1890, $ 44,000,000).

FROM KANSAS CITY TO (485 M.) DALLAS, (508 M.) FORT WORTH, AND (750 M.) HOUSTON, Missouri, Kansas, and Texas Railway in 21-23 hrs., 23-24 hrs., and 32-34 hrs. This railway affords a direct route to points in Texas, but is of no great interest to the tourist. Its extreme N. terminus is Hannibal (p. 401), and passengers from St. Louis may join it at Sedalia (p. 403). Beyond (161 M.) Chetopa we enter Indian Territory (see p. 410). 254 M. Muskogee is the seat of the U. S. Indian Agency for the Five Tribes (p. 410), of an Indian University, and some Indian schools. At (412 M.) Denison, a railwaycentre with 10,958 inhab., we enter Texas (p. 464). The line forks here, one branch running to (508 M.) Fort Worth (p. 469), the other to (485 M.) Dallas. The latter is continued to (750 M.) Houston (see p. 467).

b. Viâ Chicago and Alton Railroad.

488 M. RAILWAY in 141/2-21 hrs. (fares as above). Dining-cars. From Chicago to (126 M.) Bloomington, see R. 56 b. The Kansas City line diverges to the right from that to St. Louis. - 1711/2 M. Mason City. 215 M. Jacksonville (620 ft.; Dunlap Ho., $3), a city of 12,935 inhab., with two flourishing colleges and several State asylums. 236 M. Roodhouse, the junction of a line to Godfrey (p. 302). Beyond (242 M.) Drake we cross the Illinois River, and beyond (265 M.) Pleasant Hill we cross the Mississippi and enter

Missouri (p.323). — 302 M. Vandalia; 3251⁄41⁄2 M. Mexico (800 ft.), the junction of a line to Jefferson City (p. 403). Beyond (3801/2 M.) Glasgow (630 ft.) we cross the Missouri. 433 M. Higginsville (645 ft.); 487 M. Grand Avenue (p. 400).

488 M. Kansas City, see p.400.

c. Viå Wabash Railroad.

512 M. RAILWAY in 19-21 hrs. (fares as above). Dining-cars.

From Chicago to (173 M.) Decatur, where our line diverges from that to St. Louis (p. 311), see R. 60 c. The next important station is (211 M.) Springfield (see p. 302). 245 M. Jacksonville, see p. 400. At (266 M.) Naples we cross the Illinois River. Beyond (301 M.) Kinderhook we cross the Mississippi and reach (313 M.) Hannibal (470 ft.; Union Depot Hotel, $21/2-3; Park, 21/2), in Missouri, an important river-port and railway-centre (comp. pp. 324, 400), with 12,857 inhab., a brisk trade in tobacco, timber, and farm-produce, and numerous manufactories. 383 M. Moberly (880 ft.; 8215 inhab.); 422 M. Brunswick (630 ft.). We now have a view of the Missouri to the left. 446 M. Carrollton; 470 M. Lexington Junction (p. 403). We skirt the N. bank of the Missouri and cross it at (510 M.) Harlem. 512 M. Kansas City, see p. 400.

d. Viâ Chicago and Rock Island Railway.

At

519 M. RAILWAY in 15-21 hrs. (fares as above). Dining-cars (meals 75 c.). From Chicago to (182 M.) Davenport, see R. 50 c. Our line here diverges to the left from the Omaha line and runs towards the S.W. 212 M. Muscatine (545 ft.), on the W. bank of the Mississippi, is a river-port of some importance (lumber, etc.; comp. p. 323). (232 M.) Columbus Junction (585 ft.) we cross the Red Cedar River, and at (295 M.) Eldon we cross the Des Moines River. At (376 M.) Lineville we enter Missouri (p. 323). 451 M. Altamont, the junction of a line to St. Joseph (see below). At (465 M.) Cameron Junction we diverge to the left from the line to Leavenworth (p. 405) and Atchison (p.410). 493 M. Kearney (635 ft.); 517 M. Harlem (see above). 519 M. Kansas City, see p. 400.

e. Viâ Chicago Great Western Railway.

586 M. RAILWAY in 23 hrs. (fares as above). Dining-cars.

From Chicago to (240 M.) Oelwein, where we diverge to the left (S.) from the line to Minneapolis and St. Paul, see p. 290. 314 M. Marshalltown. 372 M. Des Moines, see p. 390. At (428 M.) Afton Junction we intersect the Burlington and Quincy Railroad. Beyond (463 M.) Blockton we enter Missouri (p. 323). 491 M. Conception, the junction of a line to Omaha (p. 388).

529 M. St. Joseph (Pacific House, Union Depot Hotel, $3), a city of 52,324 inhab., on the E. bank of the Missouri, is an important BAEDEKER's United States.

26

railway-centre and has immense stock-yards, numerous factories (value of products in 1890, $11,400,000), and a large trade. The City Hall is a handsome building. The train now descends on the E. bank of the Missouri. 539 M. Dearborn, the junction for Atchison (p. 405), on the other side of the river; 556 M. Leavenworth (p. 405). 586 M. Kansas City, see p. 400.

f. Via Burlington Route.

489 M. CHICAGO, BURLINGTON, AND QUINCY RAILROAD in 15-191/2 hrs. (fares, etc., as above).

From Chicago to (164 M.) Galesburg, see R. 85 d. Our line now diverges from that to Omaha (p. 388) and runs towards the S. 191 M. Bushnell; 241 M. Camp Point.

262 M. Quincy (Newcombe, $21/2-31/2; Tremont Ho., $2-21/2), the third city of Illinois, with 31,494 inhab., lies on a high bluff on the E. bank of the Mississippi. It carries on a brisk trade, and its manufactures in 1890 were valued at $10,262,000. 264 M. West Quincy, on the opposite bank of the river, is in Missouri (p.323). We now follow the tracks of the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad. 279 M. Palmyra Junction, for the line to (15 M.) Hannibal (p. 401); 334 M. Macon; 392 M. Chillicothe (p. 400). At (434 M.) Cameron the line forks, one branch leading to St. Joseph (p. 401). Our line runs to the S. by the route described above.

489 M. Kansas City, see p. 400.

g. Viâ Chicago, Milwaukee, and St. Paul Railway. 530 M. RAILWAY in 21-221/2 hrs. (fares, etc., as above).

From Chicago to (228 M.) Marion, see p. 388. Our line here diverges to the left (S.) from that to Omaha (p. 388). 234 M. Cedar Rapids (see p. 389); 288 M. Webster. At (324 M.) Ottumwa (p. 391) we cross the Des Moines River. Beyond (380 M.) Buda we enter Missouri (p. 323). 464 M. Chillicothe; 491 M. Lawson, the junction for St. Joseph (p. 401); 498 M. Excelsior Springs (The Elms, $3). 530 M. Kansas City, see p. 400.

89. From St. Louis to Kansas City and Denver.

1011 M. MISSOURI PACIFIC RAILWAY to (283 M.) Kansas City in 10-12 hrs. (fare $7.50; sleeper $2); thence to (1041 M.) Denver in 27 hrs. (throughfare $25.65; sleeper $5.50). Through-cars are run over this route, in connection with the Union Pacific Railway (see p. 395), to Ogden and Salt Lake City (where carriages are changed for San Francisco).

Kansas City may also be reached from St. Louis by the Wabash R. R. (277 M.), the Chicago and Alton R. R. (323 M.), and the Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy R. R. (337 M.); but none of these routes demand any detailed description. Through-sleepers to various large Western cities are attached to all the chief trains.

St. Louis, see p. 311. At (442 M.) Labadie (600 ft.) we reach the Missouri River, which flows to our right for the next 80 M.

125 M. Jefferson City (625 ft.; Madison Ho., $2-21/2; Depot Hotel, $21/2), the capital of Missouri, is a prosperous place of 6742 inhabitants. The State Capitol, built in 1858-60, was enlarged in 1887-88. A little farther on we leave the river. 188 M. Sedalia (890 ft.; Sicher's Hotel, $2-21/2; Kaiser, $2) is a busy industrial city of 14,068 inhabitants.

The line forks at Sedalia, the right branch leading to Kansas City viâ Lexington (see below), while the left branch runs to (61 M.) Pleasant Hill. Here the line forks again, the right arm leading to Kansas City and the left affording an alternative route to Pueblo and Denver (1064 M. from St. Louis). Among the chief stations on this route are Fort Scott, El Dorado, Wichita (p. 410), and Hutchinson. At Geneseo (572 M. from St. Louis) it joins the route described below.

The Lexington line runs towards the N.W. 244 M. Lexington (735 ft.) is a place of 1075 inhab., on the S. bank of the Missouri, which we here rejoin. Our line keeps to the S. side of the river.

283 M. Kansas City, see p. 400.

Our line now runs towards the S., entering Kansas at (310 M.) Newington. At (343 M.) Ossawattomie (2662 inhab.), the Kansas home of John Brown, we turn to the right (W.). 364 M. Ottawa (900 ft.; Centennial, Hamblin, Sheldon, $2), a summer-resort with 6248 inhab.; 378 M. Lomax, the junction of a line to (39 M.) Topeka (p. 405); 396 M. Osage City (1075 ft.; 3469 inhab.); 435 M. Council Grove (1240 ft.; 2211 inhab.). From (488 M.) Gypsum City a loop-line runs to (17 M.) Salina (1225 ft.; 6149 inhab.) and back to (42 M.) Marquette (see below). 515 M. Marquette (see above). At (535 M.) Geneseo we are joined by the line mentioned above. We are now ascending the basin of the Arkansas River, which, however, flows far to the S. of the railway. At (568 M.) Hoisington we change from 'Central' to 'Mountain' time (1 hr. slower; see p. xviii). 626 M. Brownell; 692 M. Scott; 741 M. Horace. At (756 M.) Towner we enter Colorado (p. 405). Beyond (776 M.) Brandon we cross Big Sandy Creek. 831 M. Arlington; 886 M. Boone.

923 M. Pueblo, see p. 418. Beyond Pueblo we follow the line of the Denver and Rio Grande R. R. (see R. 92 a). 1041 M. Denver, see p. 406.

90. From St. Louis to Texarkana.

490 M. ST. LOUIS, IRON MOUNTAIN, AND SOUTHERN RAILWAY in 17-23 hrs. (fare $14.70, sleeper $3.50). Through-carriages run by this line to Arkansas Hot Springs, Fort Worth, San Antonio, Laredo, Dallas, Houston, Galveston, and El Paso (for Los Angeles and San Francisco viâ Texas Pacific Railway).

St. Louis, see p. 311. The line runs to the S. along the W. bank of the Mississippi as far as (27 M.) Riverside. It then leaves the river and runs to the S. W. through the great mineral district of E. Missouri. From (61 M.) Mineral Point (860 ft.) a branch-line runs to (4 M.) Potosi, with its numerous lead-mines. At (75 M.) Bismarck (1025 ft.) the railway forks, the left branch leading to Columbus (Ky.;