at p. 270.- 360 M. Warsaw, on the Tippecanoe River; 384 M. Plymouth; 415 M. Wanatah; 424 M. Valparaiso (p. 275). We now approach Lake Michigan (right). Various suburban stations. 468 M. Chicago (Canal St. Station), see R. 48.

b. Via Columbus and Logansport.

507 M. PITTSBURG, CINCINNATI, CHICAGO, & ST. LOUIS RAILROAD (Pennsylvania Co.'s 'Pan Handle Line') in 19-20 hrs. (fares as above).

Pittsburg, see R. 39. This line runs at first almost due W., crossing the narrow arm of West Virginia (p. 264), which is interposed between Pennsylvania and Ohio. Beyond (42 M.) Wheeling Junction we cross the Ohio River and enter Ohio (p. 263). 43 M. Steubenville (730 ft.; U. S. Hotel, $2-21/2), an industrial city of 13,394 inhab. on the W. bank of the Ohio. 93 M. Dennison; 124 M. Coshocton; 138 M. Trinway, the junction of a line to Cincinnati. 193 M. Columbus. Hotels. Chittenden, Neil Ho., $3-5; American Ho., Park Hotel, United States, $2. Tramways traverse the principal streets. Post Office, Capitol Sq., cor. of State St. and Third St.

Columbus (745 ft.), the capital of Ohio, is a thriving city of 88,150 inhab., situated on the E. bank of the Scioto River. Its commerce is important, and it has manufactures of iron and steel goods, carriages, and agricultural implements (value in 1890, $20,000,000). Its streets are broad and much better paved than is usual in American cities. Broad Street, in particular, affords a delightful drive of 7 M. over an asphalted roadway shaded with trees. The State Capitol is a large and somewhat odd-looking building, surrounded with a small park full of tame gray squirrels. Other important buildings are the Ohio State University (700 students), the Central Ohio Lunatic Asylum, the Deaf and Dumb Asylum, the State Penitentiary, the U. S. Barracks (in a pretty park), the Court House, the Starling Medical College, the Idiot Asylum, the Blind Asylum, and the Board of Trade. Goodale Park, at the N. end of the city, is prettily laid out. From Columbus to Cincinnati, see p. 303. Railways also run hence to Toledo, Cleveland, Indianapolis, etc.

Beyond Columbus we pass numerous unimportant stations. 240 M. Urbana (3511 inhab.), a railway-centre; 266 M. Piqua (9090 inhab.). At (276 M.) Bradford Junction the railway forks, the left branch leading to Indianapolis (p. 302) and St. Louis (p. 311) while the Chicago line keeps to the right. At (297 M.) Union City we enter Indiana. 350 M. Marion (8769 inhab.). 385 M. Anoka Junction (p. 303). 390 M. Logansport (605 ft.; Murdock, New Barnett, $21/2-3), a city of 13,328 inhab., at the confluence of the Wabash River, Eel River, and Wabash & Erie Canal, is an intersecting point of several important railways (comp. p. 303). 466 M.

Crown Point.

507 M. Chicago (Canal St. Station), see R. 48.

45. From Baltimore to Chicago.

853 M. BALTIMORE & OHIO RAILROAD in 27 hrs. (fare $17, sleeper $5). This line passes some fine scenery. From New York to Chicago by this route, see p. 279.

From Baltimore to (40 M.) Washington, see R. 42. A good view of Washington is enjoyed as we leave it. The line runs towards the N.W. through Maryland (p. 233). Beyond (76 M.) Dickerson's the Potomac comes into sight on the left. At (83 M.) Washington Junction, or Point of Rocks (230 ft.), the train threads a tunnel below a promontory of the Catoctin Mts., a prolongation of the Blue Ridge.

This is the junction of a line to (15 M.) Frederick (8193 inhab.), the scene of Barbara Frietchie's exploit with the flag and Stonewall Jackson (see Whittier's poem and Mrs. Caroline Dall's book).

Farther on the valley contracts and the hills grow higher. Near (92 M.) Weverton (250 ft.), the junction of a line to Hagerstown (p. 233), took place the battle of South Mountain (Sept. 14th, 1862). The scenery here is very picturesque. The train soon crosses the Potomac and enters West Virginia at

93 M. Harper's Ferry (270 ft.; Conner's, $2; MorrellHo., Hill Top Ho., Lockwood Ho., on the hill), magnificently situated on the point of land formed by the confluence of the Potomac and Shenandoah, with the Maryland Heights on the one side and the Virginian or Loudoun Heights on the other. Pop. 1762, including Bolivar. The name of this little place is widely celebrated through the famous raid of John Brown (see below), practically the first scene of the Civil War. The armoury and arsenal, destroyed during the Civil War, have not been rebuilt.

John Brown of Ossawattomie, at the head of a party of about 20 armed Abolitionists, entered Harper's Ferry by the bridge on the night of Oct. 16th, 1859, and took possession of the Arsenal, intending to liberate the negro-slaves and occupy the Blue Ridge as a base of hostilities against the slave-owners. The negroes, however, did not rise, and Brown and most of his companions were killed or captured, after two days' fighting, by a squad of U. S. Marines that had come to the aid of the Virginia militia. The small engine house in which John Brown made his last stand has been removed to Chicago (p. 280). John Brown and six of his associates were afterwards hanged at Charlestown, 7 M. to the S.W.

The visitor should ascend from the station to (5-10 min.) the top of the promontory (about 300 ft. above the river), which commands a fine *View of the confluence of the rivers and of the gap made in the Blue Ridge by their combined waters bursting through it. Just below, on the Shenandoah side, is a curious pile of rocks known as Jefferson's Rock. We may follow the path along the Shenandoah (high above it) and then go on by road, passing the large Storer College, to (1 M.) the top of the ridge called Bolivar Heights, which commands a splendid View of the rich and fertile Valley of Virginia (Shenandoah Valley), backed by the Allegheny Mts., 30 M. away. To the N. lies the battle-field of Antietam (p. 338). - A fine drive may be taken on the road round the promontory at the foot of the cliffs. The ascent of *Maryland Heights (1455 ft.; view) takes 1/2 hr. (bridle-path). We cross the bridge over the Potomac and turn to the left. About 2/3 of the way up, we take the less promising path to the left.

Beyond Harper's Ferry the line leaves the Potomac for a time. 103 M. Shenandoah Junction is the junction for the railway through

the Shenandoah Valley (see R. 70b). 114 M. Martinsburg, the junction for Harrisburg, see p. 233. Farther on we cross North Mt. (550 ft.) and rejoin the Potomac (right), on the other side of which are the ruins of Fort Frederick (1755). The line hugs the winding stream, with the hills rising abruptly on each side. Beyond (184 M.) Patterson's Creek we cross the Potomac and re-enter Maryland. - 192 M. Cumberland (640 ft.; Queen City Hotel, with rail. restaurant, $2-3), a city of 12,729 inhab., with large rolling-mills and glass-works.

Cumberland is the junction of a line to (150 M.) Pittsburg (p. 240), running via the picturesque Youghiogheny Valley, Connelsville, and McKeesport. Our line turns to the S.W. and continues to follow the Potomac. The scenery is rugged and picturesque. Near (215 M.) Keyser (800 ft.) we cross the river into West Virginia, but soon recross it. At (220 M.) Piedmont (930 ft.) we leave the river and begin the steep ascent of the Allegheny Mts. 228 M. Franklinville (1700 ft.); 234 M. Swanton Water Station (2280 ft.); 237 M. Altamont (2620 ft.), the highest point of the line. The descent is more gradual, and we pass at first through a comparatively level district known as the Glades, on the crest of the Alleghenies and containing the headwaters of the Youghiogheny. 240 M. Deer Park Hotel (2440 ft.), a large summer-resort ($3); 243 M. Mountain Lake Park; 246 M. Oakland (2370 ft.; Oakland, $3-4; Glades, $3), another summer-resort amid beautiful scenery; 256 M. Terra Alta (2550 ft.). We now descend, passing through numerous cuttings and tunnels, to the Cheat River Valley, crossing the river at (267 M.) Rowlesburg (*View to the right). We now begin another steep ascent to the crest of Laurel Hill, crossing numerous wild gorges. 274 M. Cassidy's Summit (1855 ft.). Beyond (275 M.) Tunnelton (1820 ft.) we pass through the Kingwood Tunnel, 3/4 M. long. 282 M. Newburg (1215 ft.). At (294 M.) Grafton (990 ft.; 3159 inhab.), on the Tygart's Valley River, we leave the mountains.

Our line (to Wheeling and Chicago) here diverges to the right from the line to Parkersburg, Cincinnati, and St. Louis (see R. 58 d) and runs towards the N.W., down the Tygart's River. Beyond (316 M.) Fairmount (875 ft.), at the head of navigation on the Monongahela, we ascend the picturesque ravine of Buffalo Creek, passing through the head of the pass (1150 ft.) by a tunnel. We then descend along a branch of Fish Creek, threading several tunnels. At (382 M.) Moundsville (640 ft.) we approach the Ohio (to the left).

The place takes its name from an Indian Mound, 70 ft. high and 820 ft. in circumference at the base, in which two sepulchral chambers were found, containing three skeletons (comp. p. 309).

At (389 M.) Benwood we cross the river and enter Ohio. Beyond this point we run by Central Time (p. xviii).

Wheeling (645 ft.; Windsor, $21/2-4; McClure Ho., $21/2-3), on the Ohio, 4 M. above Benwood, is the largest city in West Virginia (34,522 inhab.) and has manufactures of nails, iron, pottery, and glassware (value in 1890, $11,540,000). It is an important railway-centre (to Pittsburg, see p. 243). 390 M. Bellaire (655 ft.) lies on the Ohio side of the river, opposite Benwood (see above). 468 M. Zanesville (710 ft.; Clarendon,