The top commands a magnificent View of the city of Washington and its surroundings. Arlington (p. 262) is seen to the E. across the Potomac. Among the points at a little distance are the new Observatory (p. 261; N.W.), the Soldiers' Home and Howard University (p. 262; N.), the R. C. University (p. 262; N.E.), and Alexandria (p. 262; S.). On a clear day the Blue Ridge Mts. are seen to the N.W., the prominent Sugarloaf being about 50 M. distant. To the S. of the Washington Monument are the Propagating Gardens and (farther off) the Long Bridge (Pl. E, 5), over which the N. troops marched into Virginia during the Civil War. To the W. are the U. S. Fish Ponds (Pl. C, D, 4). To the We may now ascend 15th St., skirting the President's Grounds (band in summer) on the left and passing the Panorama, the Light Infantry Armoury, and Albaugh's Opera House on the right. left, opposite F St., stands the "Treasury Building (Pl. D, 3; 9-2), an immense edifice, 510 ft. long and 280 ft. wide, with an Ionic colonnade on the E. front and porticos on the other three sides. Among the chief objects of interest shown to visitors are the U. S. Cash Room, in the N. corridor; the Redemption Division, in the basement; the Silver Vaults, containing coin to the value of hundreds of millions of dollars; the Portraits of Secretaries of the Treasury in the Secretary's Department, on the first floor; and the Secret Service Division, W. side of 2nd floor, with its collection of forged money and portraits of forgers. The Swiss-looking little building to the S. of the Treasury is the Photograph Office of the Architect of the Treasury. In Pennsylvania Ave., to the N. of the Treasury, stands the Department of Justice (Pl. D, 3); and a little farther to the N., at the corner of 15th and H Sts., is the Columbian University (Pl. D, 3; 7-800 students). Following Pennsylvania Ave. towards the W., we reach (to the right) LAFAYETTE SQUARE (Pl. C, D, 3), with a bronze Statue of Gen. Andrew Jackson (1767-1845), by Clark Mills, and the Lafayette Monument, by Falguière and Mercié. On the E. side of the square is the house in which an attempt was made to assassinate Secretary Seward in 1865 and since occupied by Mr. James G. Blaine (d. 1893). Opposite is the entrance to the "Executive Mansion of the President of the United States (Pl. D, 3), popularly known as the White House. The Executive Mansion is a two-storied stone building, painted white, 170 ft. long and 86 ft. deep, with an Ionic portico. To the W. is a range of conservatories. It was founded in 1792, occupied by President Adams in 1800, burned by the British in 1814, and rebuilt in 1818. The large East Room (80 ft. x 40 ft. x 22 ft.) is open to the public from 10 to 2. Two or three times a week the President receives all comers here at 1 p.m., shaking hands with each as they pass him in single file. The Reception Rooms, which contain portraits of Presidents and their wives, are shown by special order only. The Executive Office and Cabinet Room are in the E. part of the upper floor. The W. part of the ground-floor and the upper floor are private. The Grounds surrounding the house are 75 acres in extent. To the W. of the White House is the building that accommodates the State, War, and Navy Departments (Pl. C, 3; 10-2), a huge parallelogram, enclosing two courts and measuring 567 ft. in length by 342 ft. in breadth. The N. and W. wings are occupied by the War Department, where the Secretary's Apartments and the adjoining corridors contain a collection of Portraits of Secretaries of War and Generals, including one of Washington by D. Huntington. The Library, on the 4th floor, contains a fine collection of books on military science and the late Civil War. The Navy Department is in the E. part of the building and contains models of war-ships, portraits, etc. The Library, on the 3rd floor, is a fine room with 25,000 volumes. The Department of State (corresponding to the Foreign Office in London) occupies the S. part of the building. Among the rooms usually shown to visitors are the Diplomatic Reception Rooms, containing portraits of the Secretaries of State from 1789 to the present day, and the Library (2nd floor), with Jefferson's original copy of the Declaration of Independence and other relics. To the S. of the State Building are the old Van Ness House and the cottage in which Davy Burns entertained Tom Moore. To the S.W. is a grey painted house which was General Grant's headquarters during the Civil War. At the corner of Pennsylvania Ave. and 17th St., to the N. of the State Building, is the "Corcoran Gallery of Art (Pl. C, 3), built and endowed by the late Mr. W. W. Corcoran (open daily, from 9 or 9.30 till 4; on Tues., Thurs., & Sat. free; on Mon., Wed., & Frid. 25 c.). Niches on the front and side of the building contain statues of famous artists. The collections, of somewhat unequal merit, include paintings, sculptures, and ceramics. Catalogue 25 c. Ground Floor. To the left is the *HALL OF BRONZES AND CERAMICS, including many bronzes by A.L. Barye, electrotype reproductions, and large English and Japanese vases. At the back is the HALL OF ANTIQUE SCULPTURE (casts). To the right are the HALLS OF MODERN AND RENAISSANCE SCULPTURE (casts). The hall at the back communicates with the CORCORAN SCHOOL OF ART and the TAYLOE COLLECTION (paintings, books, and bric-a-brac). Upper Floor. The MAIN PICTURE GALLERY contains works by Cole, Le Roux, Boughton, Rousseau, O. Achenbach', 'Sully, Troyon, Huntington, F. E. Church, Gerôme, Raphael Mengs, Breton, Renouf, Becker, Otto van Thoren, Kensett, Ary Scheffer, Müller, Morland, Detaille (Passing Regiment), Ziem, Corot (Wood-gatherers), Knaus, Bierstadt, Van Marcke, Henner (Joan of Arc), Eliott (Portrait of Mr. Corcoran), Diaz, Isabey, Inness, Daubigny, Vibert, Morot, Cazin, Rico, Max Weyl, Harrison, and Aivasovsky. In the centre is Vela's *Last Days of Napoleon, in marble. -W. GALLERY. Small paintings, some of great merit. Group of sleeping children, by Rinehart (p. 250). OCTAGON ROOM. *Greek Slave, by Hiram Powers (1805-73). S.W. and S.E. GALLERIES. Pictures, chiefly on loan. - E. GALLERY. Portraits of Presidents and others, including specimens of Gilbert Stuart, Eliott, Healy, Sully, Malbone, R. Peale and Duplessis. We may now return to the Treasury (p. 259) and follow F St. towards the E. To the right, between 8th and 7th Sts., is the General Post Office (Pl. E, 3; 9-2), a handsome building in the Corinthian style. Opposite stands the "Department of the Interior (Pl. E, 3; 9-2), generally known as the Patent Office, a huge building 453 ft. long and 330 ft. deep, with a Doric portico. The centre is of stone, and the wings of marble. This building contains the rooms of the Secretary of the Interior, the Indian Office, the General Land Office, etc., which may be viewed on application to the attendants. The upper floor is occupied by four halls containing a huge Collection of Patents and Models, some idea of the extent of which may be gathered from the fact that about half-a-million of patents have been granted in the United States since 1836 (compared with 150,000 in Great Britain since 1621). Some of the most interesting have been removed to the National Museum (p. 257). At 5th St. F St. reaches JUDICIARY SQUARE (Pl. E, 3), on the N. side of which stands the Pension Building, an enormous barnlike structure of brick, 400 ft. long and 200 ft. wide. It is surrounded by a terracotta frieze, illustrating military and naval operations. The interior, with its mammoth columns, is rather imposing, and can accommodate about 20,000 people at an inauguration ball. On the S. side of the square stands the United States Court House (or City Hall), occupied by the U. S. Courts and the offices of the Civil Service Commissioners. In front is a column bearing a Statue of Lincoln, by Flannery. A little to the N.E. of this point, at the corner of North Capitol St. and H St., is the Government Printing Office (Pl. F, 3; 9-4). — Ford's Theatre (Pl. D, 3; now used by Government), in which President Lincoln was assassinated by Wilkes Booth on April 14th, 1865, is in 10th St., between F St. and E St. A house opposite (No. 576) bears a tablet stating that Lincoln died there. The Baltimore & Potomac Railway Station (Pl. E, 4) was the scene of Garfield's assassination by Guiteau (July 2nd, 1881), and the spot where he fell is marked in the pavement. A visit may be paid (tramway along 7th St.) to the Washington Barracks (Pl. E, 6), now used as an artillery station (drill 9-11 a.m.). Mrs. Surratt and others implicated in the murder of Lincoln were hanged in front of the Guard House here. About 1 M. to the E. (tramway on M St.), on the Anacostia or E. branch of the Potomac, is the Washington Navy Yard (Pl. G, 5; open from sunrise to sunset), which contains a museum and other points of interest. Ships are not built here, but the gun-foundry is very important and large quantities of naval stores are made. A little to the N. are the Marine Barracks (Pl. G, 5), where the band plays in the Armoury from Jan. to May (Mon., 1.30-3) and on the Parade in summer (Thurs., 4.30-6 p.m.). Farther to the E. are the Congressional Cemetery (Pl. H, 5), containing the graves of many Members of Congress; the U. S. Jail (10-4); and the Alms House. - On the S. side -- of the Anacostia is the large Government Insane Asylum (P). G, 6; 1500 inmates). From the Jail we may return through Massachusetts Ave. to (3/4 M.) Lincoln Square (Pl. G, H, 4), with Ball's Emancipation Group (Lincoln and a freed slave), whence tramways and omnibuses run to the Capitol and the city. The new Naval Observatory (Pl. A, 1; 9-4), in the N.W. part of the city, should be visited by all interested in astronomical work. Its equipments and instruments are excellent. On the site of the Old Observatory (Pl. B, 3) Mr. Franklin W. Smith (comp. pp. 181, 357) hopes to see realised his scheme for a grand National Gallery, with eight courts for architectural reproductions and gallerie for historic representation of past nationalities. The Signal Office and Weather Bureau (Pl. B, 2; 9-2), at the corner of M and 24th St., is also well worth a visit. The arrangements for forecasting the weather are most interesting. Many of the CIRCLES formed by the intersection of the streets and avenues (see p. 252) are adorned with statues, among which are the following: Washington (equestrian), by Clark Mills, in Washington Circle (Pl. B, 3); Admiral Dupont, by Launt Thompson, in Dupont Circle (Pl. C, 2); Gen. Winfield Scott (equestrian), by H. K. Browne, in Scott Circle (Pl. C, D, 2); Adm. Farragut, by Mrs. Hoxie (Vinnie Ream), in Farragut Sq. (Pl. C, 3); Gen. McPherson (equest.), by Rebisso, in McPherson Sq. (Pl. D, 3); Gen. Thomas (equest.), by J. Q. A. Ward, in Thomas Circle (Pl. D, 2); Martin Luther (just to the N. of the last), a replica of the figure by Rietschel, in the Reformation Monument at Worms; Ben. Franklin, by Plassman and Juvenal, at the intersection of Pennsylvania Ave. and 10th St. (Pl. D, 3); Gen. Rawlins, by Bailey, at the crossing of Louisiana Ave. and Pennsylvania Ave. (Pl. E, 4); Gen. Greene (equest.), by Browne, in Stanton Sq. (Pl. G, 4). The Columbia Institute for the Deaf and Dumb (Pl. G, 2), in Kendall Green, incorporates what is said to be the only college for deaf-mutes in the world. One of the favourite DRIVES in Washington is that to the *Soldiers' Home, a large asylum for old soldiers (600 inmates), situated in a beautiful park to the N. of the city, 3 M. from the Capitol. On the way to it we pass the Howard University (Pl. E, 1), founded in 1867 for the education of youth irrespective of colour or sex. The grounds of the Soldiers' Home afford fine views ('Capitol Vista', etc.) and contain a Statue of Gen. Scott, founder of the Home, by Launt Thompson. President Lincoln spent part of the summers of his last term in one of the cottages at the Soldiers' Home. To the N. lies the National Military Cemetery, with the graves of Gen. Logan and 5400 soldiers. To the E. of the Soldiers' Home Park is the large Roman Catholic University (200 students). We may now return via Glenwood Cemetery (Pl. F, 1). Georgetown, or West Washington (tramway), beyond Rock Creek, lies at the head of the Potomac navigation and is the port of entry for the District of Columbia. It contains large flour-mills, the handsome buildings of Georgetown College, an old Jesuit institution founded in 1789 (500 students; fine library), and the Convent of the Visitation. In Oak Hill Cemetery (Pl. B, 2) is the grave of J. Howard Payne (1792-1852), author of 'Home, Sweet Home'. A large Park and Zoological Garden have been constructed on Rock Creek, to the N. of Georgetown (comp. Pl. B, 1). *TO ARLINGTON AND NATIONAL CEMETERY. This interesting trip should not be omitted. Those who do not drive all the way (carr. $5) may go by tramway to the Georgetown Aqueduct (Pl. A, 3) and either take the electric car or cross the bridge here and follow the road to the right, passing (1 M.) Fort Myer and soon after reaching (13 M.) the rear-gate of the National Cemetery (Pl. A, 4, 5), which contains the graves of about 16,000 soldiers. *Arlington House, in the middle of the grounds, 200 ft. above the river, was once the residence of George Washington Parke Curtis (grandson of Washington) and afterwards of Gen. Robert Lee, the famous Confederate commander, who married Miss Curtis. It affords a fine *View of Washington, but now contains little of interest. Near the house are the graves of Gen. Sheridan, Gen. Sherman, and other distinguished officers. To the S. is a tomb containing the remains of 2110 unknown soldiers. The return may be made (longer) viâ the Long Bridge (p. 259). *FROM WASHINGTON TO MOUNT VERNON, 15 M., steamer daily from 7th St. Wharf (Pl. E, 5) at 10 a.m., allowing 2 hrs. at Mt. Vernon, and regaining Washington about 3.30 p.m. (return-fare $1, including admission to Mt. Vernon). [Mt. Vernon may also be reached by electric tramway viâ Alexandria; fare 70 c. incl. adm.] This highly interesting trip to the old home of George Washington should on no account be omitted. The steamer descends the Potomac. 61/2 M. Alexandria (Braddock Ho., $2), a quaint and somewhat decayed old Virginian city of 14,339 inhab., with the church (Christchurch) which Washington used to attend (pew still pointed out). The old Carey House was the headquarters of Gen. Braddock in 1755. Adjoin ing the city is another National Cemetery, with 4000 graves. 81/2 M. Fort Foote, Maryland, an abandoned earthwork of the Civil War; 12 M. Fort Washington, an old stone fort. - 15 M. Mt. Vernon, an old-fashioned wooden mansion, 96 ft. long, stands on a bluff, 200 ft. above the river, and commands a splendid view. The estate, originally named Hunting Creek and comprising 8000 acres, was inherited by George Washington in 1752 from his brother Lawrence, who had changed the name in honour of his former commander, Adm. Vernon of the British navy. The central part of the house was built by Lawrence, and the wings were added by George Washington. The house and 200 acres of land around it were bought by the Mt. Vernon Ladies Association in 1859 for $200,000 (raised in great part through the exertions of Mr. Edward Everett) and have been restored as nearly as possible to their condition in George Washington's lifetime. In ascending from the wharf to the house we pass the plain brick Tomb of George Washington, containing, behind an iron grating, two sarcophagi with the remains of the General (1732-1799) and his wife Martha (1730-1801). The House contains an abundance of interesting relics, of which, perhaps, the key of the Bastille is the most notable. The room in which Washington died is at the S. end of the first floor, and Mrs. Washington died in the one immediately above it. The room marked Mrs. Washington's Sitting Room was more probably George Washington's Business Room. The tiles in the piazza were brought from the Isle of Wight. The brick Barn, dating from 1733, is probably the oldest part of the buildings. The Negro Quarters are to the W. of the house. The Garden contains trees planted by Washington. Among other favourite points for drives are the National Chautauqua at Glen Echo (7 M.); Cabin John Bridge, 10 M. to the N.W.; and the *Great Falls of the Potomac, 5 M. farther on in the same direction. In summer a small steamer plies from Georgetown to these points (return-fare 50 c.). RAILWAY EXCURSIONS may be easily made to Annapolis (p. 250), Harper's Ferry (p. 265), the Shenandoah Valley (p. 338), etc. From Washington to Chicago, see R. 45; to Baltimore, see R. 42; to New York, see R. 42; to Richmond, see R. 67; to New Orleans, see R. 70. 44. From Pittsburg to Chicago. a. Via Crestline and Fort Wayne. 468 M. PENNSYLVANIA CO,'s LINES in 13-19 hrs. (fare $12, sleeper $21/2). From New York to Chicago by this route, see p. 47 a. Pittsburg, see R. 39. The train crosses the Allegheny River (p. 243), runs through Allegheny City (p. 240), and follows the right bank of the Ohio for some distance. 25 M. Rochester (710 ft.), at the confluence of the Ohio and the Beaver River, which we now follow towards the N. (right). 30 M. Beaver Falls. Farther on we turn again to the W. (left) and beyond (45 M.) Enon (995 ft.) we enter Ohio (comp. p. 267). — 83 M. Alliance (1100 ft.) is the junction of a branch-line to Cleveland (p. 267). — 101 M. Canton (26,189 inhab.), in a fine wheat-growing district; 175 M. Mansfield (13,473 inhab.). 189 M. Crestline (1170 ft.) is the junction of lines to Toledo, Cleveland, Cincinnati, Indianapolis, etc. 201 M. Bucyrus (5974 inhab.), on the Sandusky River. Beyond (288 M.) Van Wert we enter Indiana (p. 269). 320 M. Fort Wayne, an important railway-centre (comp. p. 270). From this point the route is substantially the same as that described |