command a single individual known as the 'High Private'. This body made many of the paths and roads in the vicinity. On the top of Winona Cliff is the Lovers' Leap, reached by a blue-marked path diverging from the Ledge Path. To ascend Mt. Tammany (1480 ft.; 1/2-2 hrs.) we cross the river and start below the slate-factory.

Among the favourite DRIVES are those to Stroudsburg (4 M.), Deer Park and Cherry Valley (a round of 10 M.), Buttermilk Falls (3 M.), Falls of Winona (12 M), Marshall's Falls (7 M.), and Castle Rock (4 M.).

A small STEAMER plies on the Delaware, and BOATS may be hired for rowing or fishing. Among the places visited along the river are the Indian Ladder Bluff, Mather's Spring, and the Point of Rocks.

From Philadelphia (p. 210) the Delaware Water Gap is reached by the Pennsylvania R. R. in 31/2 hrs., viâ Trenton (p. 209).

In leaving the Water Gap the train crosses Brodhead Creek and penetrates Rock Difficult by a narrow cutting. Beyond (92 M.) Stroudsburg (400 ft.) we soon begin to ascend the steep slope of Pocono Mt., passing through a tunnel near the top (view). At (118 M.) Tobyhanna (1930 ft.) we begin to descend the W. slope of the Allegheny Mts., at places very rapidly.

144 M. Scranton (1060 ft.; Wyoming Ho., $21/2-31/2; Westminster, $2-3), a city of (1890) 35,005 inhab., at the confluence of the Roaring Brook and the Lackawanna, owes its importance to the vast fields of anthracite coal in the neighbourhood. Its iron industries are extensive. Beyond Scranton we pass several small stations and enter New York State ('Empire State').

207 M. Binghamton (845 ft; Arlington, $21/2-4; Hotel Bennett, $2-3), a manufacturing town of 35,005 inhab., is the junction of railways to Albany (D. & H. R. R.; p. 159), Richfield Springs (p. 188), Syracuse (p. 189), Utica (p. 187), etc., and of the Erie Railway (R. 28 d). Our line here turns to the W. and follows the same course as the Erie Railroad (p. 199), the one on the right and the other on the left bank of the Susquehanna. 228 M. Owego (815 ft.; Ahwaga, $2), at the confluence of the Owego and the Susquehanna, is the junction of a line to Ithaca (p. 190).

263 M. Elmira (855 ft.; Rathbun, 21/2-3; Frasier, Delevan, $21/2; Elmira Water-Cure), an industrial town with 30,893 inhab., contains large rolling mills, the car-shops of the Erie Railroad, a Female College, and an Academy of Science. The Elmira Reformatory has played an important part in the reformatory treatment of criminals.

Railways radiate hence to Watkins Glen (p. 191) and Rochester (p. 191), to Ithaca (p. 190) and Canastota (p. 189), to Harrisburg (p. 232) and Philadelphia (p. 210), and through the Lehigh Valley (p. 227).

278 M. Corning (930 ft.; Dickinson Ho., $2), with 8850 inhab., is the junction of lines to Rochester (p. 191) and Williamsport (p. 230). At (324 M.) Wayland (1360 ft.) we part company with the Erie line, which here turns to the N. 332 M. Dansville (1040 ft.; Dansville Sanitarium, $31/2-5); 363 M. Rochester & Pittsburg Junction, for lines to the N. to Rochester and to the S. to Pittsburg. 409 M. Buffalo, see p. 192.

From Buffalo to Niagara Falls, see p. 195 or p. 199.

d. Viå Erie Railway.

444 M. NEW YORK, LAKE ERIE, AND WESTERN R. R. to (423 M.) Buffalo in 121/2 hrs. (fare $8; parlor-car or sleeper $2); to (444 M.) Suspension Bridge in 13/4-17 hrs. (fares as above).

The train start from Jersey City (comp. p. 6; ferries from 23rd St. and Chambers St.). This line, constructed in 1836-52, passes some fine scenery in penetrating the Allegheny Mts.

Jersey City, see p. 52. The train threads the Bergen Tunnel (p. 196) and traverses the Salt Marshes of the Hackensack.

These extensive marshes, are covered with reeds and sedge grass, growing in soft mud, which is sometimes 40 ft. deep. They are overflowed at high tide.

Beyond (91/2 M.) Rutherford we cross the Passaic. 121/1⁄2 M. Passaic (p. 196); 17 M. Paterson (see p. 196). At (32 M.) Suffern (300 ft.) we enter New York State (p. 197). 34 M. Ramapo, in

the picturesque valley of that name. - 38 M. Tuxedo.

About 11/2 M. to the W. is Tuxedo Lake, the property of the Tuxedo Park Association, a club of wealthy New Yorkers, who have made this one of the most fashionable pleasure-resorts and game - preserves in the country. On the shores of the lake are the club-house and the cottages of members. This is a delightful place for visitors with an introduction. 48 M. Turner's (558 ft.; Rail. Rest.) is the junction of a line to Newburg (p. 153). - 50 M. Monroe (Seven Springs Mt. Ho.).

About 9 M. to the S. lies *Greenwood Lake (1000 ft.), a favourite resort, 10 M. long and 1 M. wide, also reached by a direct railway from Jersey City. The chief hotels are the Brandon House ($3) and the Windermere ($21/2), in Greenwood Lake Village, at the N. end of the lake.

60 M. Goshen, junction of a line to Kingston and Rondout (p. 153); 67 M. Middletown (Russell Ho., $2-3), with 11,977 inhab., junction of the New York, Ontario, & Western R. R. to Oswego (comp. R. 28 b). Beyond (71 M.) Howells the line ascends the Shawangunk Range, and the scenery improves. Beyond (76 M.) Otisville the train reaches the summit (870 ft.) by a long rocky cutting and begins to descend rapidly into the valley of the Delaware.

88 M. Port Jervis (440 ft.; Delaware Ho., Fowler Ho., $2), situated at the junction of the Delaware and the Neversink, is a village of 9327 inhab., frequented as a summer-resort.

The Tri-States Rock, to the S. of the town, marks the meeting of New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. Among the numerous picturesque resorts within easy reach of Port Jervis are High Point (1960 ft.; The Inn, $3) and Lake Marcia, 4 M. to the E., on the ridge of the Kittatinny or Shawangunk Mts.; Milford (numerous inns), 7 M. to the S.W. (daily coach); Dingman's Ferry (High Falls Ho., $21/2), 15 M. to the S. (coach); and the Falls of the Sawkill, not far from Milford. Point Peter, one of the twin mountains overlooking the town, is a good point of view. The neighbourhood abounds in good fishing streams. A branch-line runs to (24 M.) Monticello.

Beyond Port Jervis the train crosses the Delaware into Pennsylvania ('Keystone State') and runs along its right bank, high above the river. Great engineering difficulties were overcome in making this part of the line, where the river-gorge is deep and tortuous. At (111 M.) Lackawaxen (650 ft.) the Delaware and Hudson Canal crosses the Delaware by an aqueduct. Like most of the other small

stations in the 'Delaware Highlands' this is a summer-resort with several unpretending hotels and boarding-houses.

At (116 M.) Mast Hope we recross the river and re-enter New York. At (122 M.) Narrowsburg the valley is very narrow. Beyond (177 M.) Deposit (1010 ft.) we quit the Delaware, turn to the left (S.W.), and begin to ascend the ridge separating it from the Susquehanna. Fine scenery. From (184 M.) Summit (1375 ft.) we descend rapidly, soon obtaining a fine *View of the Susquehanna (right). We cross the Cascade Bridge (180 ft. high) and the Starrucca Viaduct, 1200 ft long and 110 ft. high. 193 M. Susquehanna (915 ft.), with railway repair-shops, lies on the left bank of the river. line now descends through the Susquehanna Valley. Beyond (215 M.) Binghamton (870 ft.; see p. 197) it runs parallel with the Lackawanna Railway (R. 28 c), on the opposite (right) bank. 237 M. Owego (p. 197); 274 M. Elmira (p. 197). At (291 M.) Corning (940 ft.; p. 197) a branch-line to Rochester (p. 191) runs to the right (N.), while the main line leaves the river and runs towards the E.

- The

At (332) M. Hornellsville (1160 ft.; Osborne Ho., Page Ho., $2; Rail. Restaurant), a town of 10,996 inhab., with railroad-works, the Buffalo branch diverges to the right from the main line, which goes on to (414 M.) Salamanca and (460 M.) Dunkirk (see p. 278). 362 M. Portage (1315 ft.; Ingham Ho., $2) is the station for the beautiful *Portage Falls, formed here by the Genesee River.

The Upper or Horseshoe Falls, 70 ft: high, are 3/4 M. below the village. About 1/4 M. farther down are the Middle Falls, 110 ft. high, with a cave called the 'Devil's Oven' in the rocks near the foot of the precipice. For 2 M. farther the river descends through a narrow rocky defile and then reaches the Lower Falls (150 ft.).

The train crosses the Genesee by a bridge 235 ft. high, affording a view of the Upper and Middle Portage Falls. 365 M. Castile (1400 ft.); 368 M. Silver Springs, 6 M. from Silver Lake; 392 M. Attica (1000 ft.); 421 M. East Buffalo (610 ft.).

423 M. Buffalo, see p. 192.

The trains for Niagara Falls follow practically the same route as the N. Y. C. R. R. (p. 195). 432 M. Tonawanda; 438 M. La Salle; 442 M. Niagara Falls (see below); 444 M. Suspension Bridge. The trains cross the bridge in full view of the Falls (comp. p. 270) and connect at Clifton (p. 270) with the Grand Trunk Railway of Canada.

29. Niagara Falls.

Hotels. *CATARACT HOTEL, close to the river, with good cuisine, $4; INTERNATIONAL HOTEL, $4; KALTENBACH, well spoken of, with view of the river, $3; PROSPECT HOUSE, $31/2-51/2. The first two are open in summer only. These are all on the American side, in the city of Niagara Falls. *CLIFTON HOUSE, on the Canadian side, near the end of the Suspension Bridge, with distant view of the Falls, $3-5 (open in summer only).

Railway Stations. New York Central, cor. of Falls St. and Second St., also used by the Michigan Central and the R. W. & O. railways; Erie Station, cor. of Niagara St. and Second Sts., also used by the Lehigh Valley R. R. The Canadian lines make connection for Niagara Falls

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