The steamer now enters Haverstraw Bay, which is 4 M. wide. 37 M. (1.) Haverstraw (p. 151), at the N. base of High Torn (820 ft.). The Highlands (see below) are visible in the distance.

40 M. (1.) Stony Point, at the N. end of Haverstraw Bay, now marked by a lighthouse, was the site of a fort taken by the British on June 1st, 1779, and re-captured at the point of the bayonet by Gen. Wayne (p. 231) six weeks later. The river here is only 1/2 M. wide, and on the E. bank is Verplanck's Point, the site of Fort Lafayette.41 M. (1.) Tompkin's Cove, with limestone quarries. 43 M. (1.) Kidd's Point or Caldwell's Landing; r. Peekskill.

The river makes an abrupt bend to the left here, and the Dutch mariner Jan Peek is said to have followed the Peekskill (r.) under the idea that it was the Hudson, until his ship ran aground. Above Caldwell's Landing rises the Dunderberg (1090 ft.), and to the N. of Peekskill is Manito Mt., with the camp of the New York State National Guard. We here pass through the S. gate of the *Highlands, the beautiful hill-girt section of the river extending from this point to near Newburg (see below).

46 M. (r.) Anthony's Nose (1230 ft.), a lofty summit, deriving its name, according to Diedrich Knickerbocker's familiar and humorous account, from the 'refulgent nose' of the Dutch trumpeter, Anthony van Corlear. Nearly opposite are Iona Island, Bear Hill (1350 ft.) and the sites of Forts Clinton and Montgomery.

50 M. (r.) Sugar-Loaf Mt. (865 ft.), near the S. base of which is Beverley House, Arnold's headquarters, where he received the news of André's capture and whence he made his escape to the 'Vulture'. Opposite are the Buttermilk Falls, 100 ft. high (insignificant except after heavy rain), on the bluff above which is the large and finely situated Cranston's Hotel ($5).

52 M. (1.) West Point (p. 152), the site of the well-known Military Academy, of which the domed library and other buildings are visible. To the N. is the West Point Hotel (p. 152) and above the 'Post' rises Fort Putnam (575 ft.). Steam-ferry to Garrison (p. 151).

Passing West Point, the steamer turns sharply to the left. To the right, on the point known as Constitution Island, was long the home of Miss Warner (1818-85), author of the 'Wide, Wide World'. 541/2 M. (1.) Crow Nest (1430 ft.). r. Cold Spring (p. 151), at the foot of Mt. Taurus (1440 ft.).

56 M. (1.) *Storm King or Butter Mt. (1530 ft.), with Cornwall (p. 153) at its N. base. -r. Breakneck Mt. Between these hills is the N. Gate of the Highlands, issuing from which we pass the little Polipel's Island (r.). The mountains now trend to the N.E. 59 M. (1.) New Windsor. r. Dutchess Junction (p. 151). 61 M. (1.) Newburg (see p. 153). Washington's Headquarters (see p. 153), a one-storied stone building, with a timber roof, surrounded by trees and distinguished by a flag-staff, are seen just below the town. Steam-ferry to Fishkill Landing (p. 151).

67 M. (1.) Duyvil's Dans Kammer, a low flat rock on a promontory. YO M. (1.) Marlborough, with fine Arbor Vitæ trees.

75 M. (r.) Poughkeepsie (see p. 151). Vassar College (p. 151) is not visible. 1. New Paltz Landing.

The *Poughkeepsie Railway Bridge, which here spans the Hudson, constructed on the cantilever principle, is 2260 yds. long (11/4 M.) and 80 ft. above high-water.

77 M. (r.) Hudson River State Hospital for the Insane. Numerous handsome residences are passed on the right, and large icehouses on the left. Many of the estates on both banks are still in the hands of the 'Knickerbocker' families to which they were originally granted. 82 M. (r.) Hyde Park (p. 151).

87 M. (r.) Dinsmore Point, with the house of Wm. B. Dinsmore, long president of the Adams Express Co., which began in 1840 with two men, a boy, and a wheel-barrow, and now has 8000 men and 2000 waggons and carries parcels over 25,000 M. of railway.

91 M. (1.) Kingston and Rondout (see p. 153), at the mouth of the Delaware and Hudson Canal (p. 153). Opposite lies Rhinecliff Landing (p. 151).

99 M. (r.) North Bay (above Cruger's Island), where Fulton built the 'Clermont' (p. 146), with the aid of Chancellor Livingston, a member of the influential New York family of that name. 100 M. (r.) Tivoli, whence a ferry runs to

102 M. (1.) Saugerties (p. 153), with a lighthouse.

The Catskill Mts. (R. 24) now bound the view on the left. Overlook Mt. (3300 ft.), with its hotel, rises nearly opposite Tivoli, and next to it is Plattekill (3200 ft.), above Saugerties.

103 M. (r.) Clermont, the original seat of the Livingston family, descended from the Earls of Linlithgow (comp. above). Nearly opposite is Malden, above which rises Kaaterskill Mt. (3800 ft.), withthe Kaaterskill Hotel and the Catskill Mt. House (p. 161).

101 M. (r.) Germantown Station. Just beyond this point we have the best view, to the left, of the supine figure of the 'Man in the Mountain', whose knee, breast, and face (from S. to N.) are formed by different peaks of the Catskills. Round Top (3500 ft.), one of the highest of the Catskills, rises to the N. of the man's head.

112 M. (1.) Catskill (p. 160), at the 'mouth of the Kaaterskill Creek, with the large Prospect Park Hotel. This was the highest point reached by the 'Half-Moon' (p. 146), but Hudson sent small boats up as far as Waterford (p. 114), 4 M. above Troy. Numerous large Ice-houses to the left.

116 M. (r.) Hudson (p. 151). Steam-ferry to Athens (1.). The scenery is now less attractive. 124 M. (1.) Coxsackie (ferry). · 125 M. (r.) Stuyvesant. Numerous flat islands are passed. 134 M. (r.) Schodack. -1. Coeymans (p. 153), behind which rise the Helderberg Mts. (p. 158). - 137 M. (r.) Castleton. Extensive dykes have been made from this point onwards to improve the channel.

143 M. (r.) Van Rensselaer Place (1642).

145 M. (r.) Albany (see p. 154), with the Capitol towering above the other buildings, is connected by three bridges with Greenbush (p. 151).

150 M. (r.) Troy, see p. 145.

b. Viâ Railway on the East Bank.

143 M. NEW YORK CENTRAL AND HUDSON RIVER RAILROAD in 23/4-43/4 hrs. (fare $3.10; parlor-car $1). This line affords good views of the W. bank of the Hudson (seats to the left).

New York, see p. 6. The train leaves the Grand Central Depot, traverses the Park Avenue tunnel (comp. p. 37), passes 125th Street Station, crosses the Harlem River, turns to the W. (left) at (5 M.) 138th Street, and skirts the Harlem to High Bridge (p. 49) and (11 M.) Spuyten Duyvil, on Spuyten Duyvil Creek (p. 22), so named, says the legend, from the Dutch trumpeter Anthony van Corlear, who 'swore most valorously that he would swim across it in spite of the Devil (en spuyt den duyvil)', but 'sank for ever to the bottom' (see W. Irving's 'Knickerbocker History of New York'). The creek formed the S. boundary of the 'Neutral Ground' in the Revolutionary War. Spuyten Duyvil lies on the E. bank of the Hudson, which we now follow closely, obtaining good views of the Palisades (p. 147), on the opposite side. The line passes several of the riverine suburbs of New York, but runs at too low a level to afford views of them (comp., however, R. 21c). 14 M. Mount St. Vincent, with a large convent. -16 M. Yonkers (Getty Ho., Mansion Ho., $21/2-3) a thriving town, with (1890) 33,033 inhab. and the residences of many New Yorkers. It occupies the land of the Phillipse estate (comp. p. 147), and the manor-house (1682) is now the city-hall. 20 M. Hastings. 21 M. Dobbs Ferry (Glen Tower Ho., $3), a picturesque suburban village, affording fine views of the N. end of the Palisades, was the first place appointed for the meeting of Arnold and André. 23 M. Irvington, on the bank of the Tappan Zee, with 'Sunnyside', the home of Washington Irving, the E. end of which is covered with ivy, grown from a slip given to Irving at Abbotsford by Sir Walter Scott. The Paulding Manor (Lyndehurst; see p. 147) is a fine old building. Nevis is a stately mansion built in 1836 by a son of Alex. Hamilton and named in honour of his father's birthplace. 26 M. Tarrytown (Franklin

Ho., $2-3; Cosmopolitan, $2), on a hill rising from the river.

This was the scene of Major André's capture in 1780 (spot marked by a monument) and is the centre of a district rich in reminiscences of the Revolutionary War. It is, perhaps, still better known from its connection with Washington Irving (1783-1859), who was churchwarden of Christchurch here and is buried in the graveyard of the old Dutch Church, 3/4 M. to the N., built in 1699 with bricks brought from Holland. The latter church lies in Sleepy Hollow', which is traversed by the Pocantico or Mill Brook, with the bridge across which 'Ichabod Crane rushed helterskelter from the pursuit of the 'Headless Horseman'. Opposite Tarrytown lies Nyack (p. 147).

31 M. Sing Sing (American Hotel, $211⁄2), a prettily situated town with (1890) 9352 inhab., is the seat of the State Prison, the large buildings of which are seen to the left. The train then crosses the mouth of the Croton River (6 M. up which is the Croton Reservoir, p. 49) and intersects Croton Point. Across the Hudson, which is here at its widest (Haverstraw Bay, 4 M.), is the village of Haverstraw (p. 148). Farther on the train is frequently carried across creeks and bays on low trestle-work. 42 M. Peekskill (Eagle, $2-3), a pretty little town with (1890) 9676 inhab., on Peek's Kill, opposite the Dunderberg (p. 148; ferry to Caldwell's Landing). The train penetrates Anthony's Nose (p. 148) by a tunnel 70 yds. long, passes (47 M.) Highlands Station (view of the hills across the Hudson), and reaches (50 M.) Garrison's (Highland Ho., loftily situated), opposite West Point (p. 152; ferry). About 1 M. to the S. is Robinson House, where Arnold heard of Andre's arrest. 54 M. Cold Spring (ferry to Cornwall-on-the-Hudson, p. 153); 56 M. Storm King, opposite the hill of that name (p. 148); 58 M. Dutchess Junction.

59 M. Fishkill Landing, the W. terminus of the N. Y. & N. E. R. R. (see pp. 148, 153), lies at the mouth of the Matteawan Creek, opposite Newburg (p. 153), and 5 M. to the W. of the small town of Fishkill (Mt. Gulian Hotel, $2-3; 3617 inhab.).

74 M. Poughkeepsie (200 ft. above the river; Nelson Ho., Morgan Ho., $21/2-31/2; Rail. Restaurant), a city of (1890) 22,290 inhab., was settled by the Dutch in 1698 and contains some handsome buildings, including a large State Insane Asylum. The name is a corruption of the Indian Apo-keep-sinck ('safe harbour'). The Eastman Park is pleasant y laid out.

About 11/2 M. to the E. lies Vassar College (400 students), perhaps the most famous of the American colleges for women, founded and endowed by Matthew Vassar, an Englishman, at a cost of $1,000,000 (200,0007.). Its main building, 500 ft. long, is modelled after the Tuileries. The fine Cantilever Bridge (see p. 149) was built in 1873 to provide direct communication between New England and the coal-fields of Pennsylvania.

80 M. Hyde Park; 85 M. Staatsburg. The river-banks are now much less precipitous. 89 M. Rhinecliff, terminus of the Central New England and Western R. R. About 2 M. to the E. lies Rhinebeck (Rhinecliff Hotel, $2). A steam-ferry plies hence to Kingston (p. 153). The Beekman House, near Rhinecliff, is a good specimen of a Dutch house of the 17th century. From (99 M.) Tivoli a ferry plies to Saugerties (p. 153). The Catskills (p. 149) are now prominent on the other side of the Hudson. From (111 M.) Catskill Station a steam-ferry runs to the town of Catskill (p. 160), the chief avenue of approach to the Catskill Mts. (R. 24).

115 M. Hudson (Worth Ho., $21/2; Waldron Ho., $2), a small city with (1890) 9970 inhab., lies on the slope of Prospect Hill (200 ft.), at the head of ship-navigation (steam-ferry to Athens, p. 153). 142 M. East Albany or Greenbush (comp. p. 150). Our train here crosses the Hudson, while trains for Troy and

other points to the N. (comp. R. 20c) continue on the E. bank of the river.

143 M. Albany (Rail. Restaurant), see p. 154.

c. Via Railway on the West Bank.

142 M. WEST SHORE RAILROAD in 41/2-51/2 hrs. (fare $3.10; parlor-car $ 1). This line affords better views than that on the E. bank, but starts from Weehawken (p. 51; ferry from Franklin St. 1/2 hr., from 42nd St. 1/4 hr.).

The train starts from the station at Weehawken (see p. 51) and passes through a long tunnel into the valley of the Hackensack, which runs through marshes to the left. As far as Nyack our line runs parallel with the Northern New Jersey Railroad (to the right). All view of the Hudson is at first cut off by the Palisades (p. 147).

10 M. West Englewood; 19 M. Tappan (p. 147); 24 M. West Nyack, 11/2 M. to the W. of Nyack (p. 147). At (26 M.) Valley Cottage the S. Hook Mt. (p. 147) rises to the right. 281/2 M. Conger's is the station for Rockland Lake (150 ft.), 1 M. to the S.E., an important source of New York's ice-supply. The train now threads a tunnel and emerges on Haverstraw Bay (p. 148; *View of the Hudson). To the left is High Torn (p. 148). 32 M. Haverstraw, with extensive brick-fields. The line now hugs the river. 41 M. Iona Island (p. 148); 43 M. Fort Montgomery (p. 148); 461/2 M. Cranston's, a large summer-hotel ($5), 250 ft. above the river (*View).

471/2 M. West Point (West Point Hotel, adjoining the Parade Ground, $3-4), the seat of the well-known Military Academy for training officers for the U. S. army, is finely situated on the W. bank of the Hudson, overlooking the Highlands (p. 148). The railwaystation is on the level of the river, but the parade-ground and the principal buildings of the 'Post' occupy a plateau about 180 ft. above.

West Point was first fortified in 1778, and this 'Gibraltar of the Hudson' was an important point in the Revolutionary War, though no actual fighting took place here. Arnold was commander of the post at the time of his treason. Washington recommended the site for a military academy, but it was not till 1802 that it was established.

The West Point Military Academy usually contains about 300 cadets, who are nominated, between the ages of 17 and 22, by Members of Congress and appointed by the President. The discipline is essentially military, and the course of instruction (4 years) is very thorough. The instructors are officers of the army. The cadets go into camp in July and Aug., but the most interesting drills are held in April, May, Sept., and Oct.; dress-parades are held all the year round, weather permitting.

Visitors will find an introduction convenient, but can see most of the points of interest without one.

Ascending from the landing by a good road cut in the cliffs, we pass, on the right, the Riding School (visitors admitted to the galleries). The horsemanship of the senior cadets is wonderfully good, and no one should neglect an opportunity to see their exercises. On the higher ground immediately to the W. of the Riding School is the Headquarters Building, and farther on we reach in succession the Library (with a dome), the Chapel (allegorical painting by Weis), the Academic Building, the Cadet Barracks, and the Gymnasium. To the S. of the Academic Building is the Cadet Mess Hall, with portraits of Grant, Sherman, Sheridan, and other officers. All military excercises take place on the fine Parade Ground, 40 acres in area. In the N.W. corner is a statue of Gen. Sedgwick, in the S.E. corner