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*Sloane and Lanier Places adjoin each other and command a superb *View. Perhaps the finest grounds are those of the Rathbone Place. The Stokes House is built round a tree. The Westinghouse Mansion is a costly and pretentious structure of white marble.

The DRIVES and WALKS round Lenox are very attractive, and one can scarcely go wrong in any direction. Among the favourite excursions are those to the top of Bald Head (21/2 M.; see p. 139); the Stockbridge Bowl (21/2 M.; p. 139) and Stockbridge (6 M.; p. 137); Laurel Lake and the Highlawn Farm (p. 139), 23/4 M. to the S.E.; North Lenox Mt. and Yokun's Seat (2080 ft.), 4-41/2 M. to the N.W.; Pittsfield (6 M.; see below); the settlement of the Lebanon Shakers (see below) and Perry's Peak (2080 ft.; view), 9 M. to the N.W.; October Mt., 4 M. to the N.E. Richmond, 41/2 M. to the W., is celebrated for its parallel trains of boulders, described by Sir Chas. Lyell. Short walks may be taken to (3/4 M.) the Ledge, the (1 M.) Pinnacle, the Lily Pond (11/2 M.), the Schermerhorn Woods, etc.

Pittsfield (1010 ft.; *Maplewood, North St., $3; Springside; American Ho., open all the year, $21/2-3; Burbank Ho., commercial, $2-3; Rail. Restaurant), the chief city of Berkshire County, with (1890) 17,281 inhab., is finely situated on a plateau surrounded by hills. It was named in 1761 in honour of the elder Pitt.

The public green in the centre of the city, named the 'heart of Berkshire', bears the original statue of the Massachusetts Colour Bearer, by Launt Thompson, which has been reproduced at Gettysburg (p. 239). Among the buildings round the green ar two Churches, the white marble Court House, and the Berkshire Athenaeum (with the Berkshire Historical Society). The Bishop Training School for Nurses, the House of Mercy, the Old Ladies Home, and the small R. C. Cathedral of St. Joseph may also be mentioned. Pittsfield is the headquarters of the Agassiz Association for the study of natural history, which has 1000 local 'chapters' in different parts of the world and over 20,000 members (president, H. H. Ballard). Among the many interesting and attractive private residences are the Appleton or Plunkett House, in East St., where Longfellow wrote 'The Old Clock on the Stairs' (clock still in the house); the quaint old Kellog Place, alsó in East St.; and Elmwood, Broad St., with its beautiful grounds. The Cemetery contains fine old trees and a Iarge red granite obelisk. Oliver Wendell Holmes lived for some time at a small villa, 2 M. to the S., on the road to Lenox; and the Rev. Dr. John Todd (1800-1874), author of the well-known 'Lectures to Children', was long pastor of the Congregational Church. Electric cars traverse the principal streets.

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About 2 M. to the W. of Pittsfield lies Lake Onota, on the E. shore of which a public park has been laid out. The excursion may be continued in the same direction, across the Taconic Mts., to (7 M.) Lebanon Springs (Columbia Hall, $3-4), the waters of which are useful in cutaneous and liver complaints. The Shaker village of Lebanon is 2 M. to the S. of the Springs (interesting Sunday services). Pontoosuc Lake, reached by electric car, lies 214 M. to the N. of Pittsfield, on the road to (20 M.) Williamstown (p. 141). Lanesboro, 21/2 M. farther on, was the birthplace of 'Josh. Billings' (H. W. Shaw; b. 1818). On the slopes of the Taconic Mts., to the N.W. of Lake Onota, are the Lulu Cascade (4 M.) and Berry Pond (5 M.). Among the Opes', or view-commanding vales, in this neighbourhood, is the Ope of Promise', affording a view of the 'Promised Land'. The Balanced Rock is 2 M. to the N. of Lake Onota and 2 M. to the W. of Pontoosuc Lake. South Mt. (1870 ft.), 2 M. to the S., commands a view of Pittsfield, Lake Onota, Greylock, etc. Other favourite points for excursions are Potter Mt., 8 M. to the N.W.; the Wizard's Glen, 4 M. to the N.E.; the Wahconah Falls, 8 M. to the N.E.; Lake Ashley (1800 ft.), 6 M. to the S.E.; Perry's Peak (see above; 8 M.), etc.- A little to the N.E. of the city is the fine Allen Stock Farm (trotting-horses).

The N. part of Berkshire County is much less known than the S., and there is no important centre for visitors between Pittsfield and North Adams and Williamstown, 20 M. to the N.

North Adams (700 ft.; Wilson Ho., $21/2-3; Richmond Ho., Mansion Ho., $2), a manufacturing city in the narrow valley of the Hoosac, with (1890) 16,074 inhab., is a station on the Fitchburg Railway (see p. 135) and the terminus of a branch of the Boston & Albany R.R. (see p. 134). It is connected with (6 M.) Adams (p. 134) by an electric tramway.

About 1 M. to the N.E. of North Adams is the Natural Bridge, a rocky narrow archway spanning the Hudson Brook at a height of 50-60 ft. The W. end of the Hoosac Tunnel (p. 134) is 2 M. to the S.E. of N. Adams, and a favourite excursion is over the Hoosac Mt. (2270 ft.) to (9 M.) the E. end of the tunnel and Hoosac Tunnel Station (Hotel).

ASCENT OF GREYLOCK (8 M.; road). We follow the Williamstown road (to the W.) for a short distance and then turn to the left into the road through the Notch (views), passing (11/2 M.) the Notch Brook Cascade, 30 ft. high. About 3 M. from N. Adams the new road, constructed by the Greylock Park Association, diverges to the right and leads through wood to (5 M.) the summit (easy gradient). About halfway up we have a view into the Hopper (1000 ft. deep). At the top are refreshment booths and a view-tower (40 ft. high). The View from Greylock (3535 ft.) includes Adams, N. Adams, Pittsfield, the valleys of the Hoosac and Housatonic, and most of the Berkshire Hills. Farther off are the Catskills to the S.W. the Green Mts. to the N., Mts. Monadnock and Wachusett to the E., and Mts. Tom and Holyoke to the S.E.

Williamstown (595 ft.; Greylock, Taconic Inn, $ 3-312), 5 M. to the W. of N. Adams and 1 M. to the S. of the rail. station (p. 135; omn. 25 c.), lies on the Green River, an affluent of the Hoosac. Pop. (1890) 4221. It is the seat of Williams College (350 students), the buildings of which are the chief feature of the village. The most modern is the Mark Hopkins Memorial Hall (1890); the President's House is a good specimen of Colonial architecture. President Garfield, a graduate of the college, is commemorated by a window in the chapel. The streets are prettily laid out and shaded by fine trees.

In Flora's Glen, 1 M. to the W., Bryant is said to have composed his "Thanatopsis', at the age of eighteen. The Hopper (see above), a huge gorge enclosed by Mt. Prospect, Bald Mt., and Greylock, is 5 M. to the S. The top of Greylock is 10 M. distant by the new road (see above). The Taconic Range rises about 3 M. from Williamstown, and good views are afforded by Mt. Belcher, Mt. Hopkins (Berlin Mt.; 2790 ft.), and other summits. The chief passes over this range are the Petersburg Pass (2075 ft.), the Berlin Pass (2190 ft.), the Kidder Pass (bridle-path), and the Johnson Pass. The Snow Glen is 7 M. to the N.W., 2 M. to the N. of the Petersburg Pass. - Among the favourite drives are the 'Short Oblong' (2 M.) and 'Long Oblong (10 M.). Longer drives may be taken to Pittsfield (20 M.), Lebanon Springs (20 M.), Hoosac Falls (17 M.); etc.

20. From New York to Montreal.

a. Viâ Connecticut Valley.

450 M. NEW YORK, NEW HAVEN, & HARTFORD RAILROAD to (136 M.) Springfield in 33/4 hrs.; CONNECTICUT RIVER R. R. thence to (50 M.) South Vernon in 11/4-2 hrs.; CENTRAL VERMONT R. R. thence to (10 M.) Brattleboro in 1/2 hr.; CONNECTICUT RIVER R. R. thence to (50 M.) Windsor in 11/2-2 hrs.; CENTRAL VERMONT R. R. thence to (204 M.) Montreal in 63/4-71/4 hrs. (throughfare $10; sleeper from Springfield $2; express from New York to Montreal in 14-16 hrs.). Trains run to Quebec by this route in 21-22 hrs. (fare $12). Through-trains run to Fabyan's in the White Mts. (R. 16) in 101/2 hrs (fare $7; parlor-car $2).

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From New York to (136 M.) Springfield, see R. 4a. We here join the Connecticut River R. R., which ascends the beautiful *Valley of the Connecticut (views mainly to the right). The train crosses the river by a long bridge. 140 M. Chicopee, a manufacturing town of (1890) 14,050 inhab., with cotton-mills, a bronze-foundry, etc. Chicopee Falls, 2 M. to the E., also with cotton-mills, is the home of Edward Bellamy, author of 'Looking Backward'. Tobacco is grown in this part of the valley. 144 M. Holyoke (95 ft.; Windsor, Hamilton, $21/2-3), an industrial city with (1890) 35,637 inhab., has the greatest water-power in New England and is said to be the chief paper-making place in the world (200 tons daily; value of manufactures in 1890, $24,500,000). The river has a fall of 60 ft. and is bridled by a huge dam, 1000 ft. across. - Beyond (149 M.) Smith's Ferry we pass between Mt. Holyoke (see below) on the right and Mt. Tom (see below) on the left and cross the river.

153 M. Northampton (125 ft.; Norwood, $21/2-3; Mansion Ho., $212) 'the frontispiece of the book of beauty which Nature opens wide in the valley of the Connecticut', is a lovely elm-shaded city of (1890) 14,900 inhab., on the W. bank of the Connecticut. It is widely known as an educational centre.

The chief of its educational institutions is Smith College, one of the leading colleges for women (450-500 students). It possesses an art-gallery, a music hall, a gymnasium, etc. Other large buildings are Memorial Hall (with the Public Library), the State Lunatic Asylum (1 M. to the S.W.), and the Clarke Institution for Mutes. The last stands on Round Hill, which commands a good view of the town.

The chief of the numerous delightful excursions from Northampton is that to the top of Mt. Holyoke (955 ft.; Prospect Ho., at the top, $21/2), 2 M. to the S.E. A carriage-road leads to a small mountain-railway which surmounts the last 600 ft. (return-fare $1; toll for walkers 50 c.). The exquisite View from the summit includes the Connecticut Valley, the Hoosac Mts. and Greylock (W. and N.W.), Mt. Tom (S.W.), Springfield and the E. and W. Rocks at Hartford (S.), Mt. Wachusett (E.), Amherst (in the distance) and Monadnock (N.E.), and the Green Mts. (N.). The main summit of Mt. Tom (1335 ft.), 41/2 M. to the S., is seldom visited, but Mt. Nototuck (850 ft.; Eyrie Ho.), its N. peak, is easily accessible from Mt. Tom station (see above; *View). Hadley (Elmwood Ho.), a beautiful New England village, 212 M. to the N.E. of Northampton, is celebrated for its magnificent Avenue of elms. The regicides Goffe and Whalley lived in concealment at Hadley for 15 years (1664-79). At South Hadley, 1/2 M. to the S., is the Mt. Holyoke Seminary for Girls (250-300 pupils). Amherst (p. 63) is 7 M. to the N.E. of Northampton (coach daily).

Beyond Northampton the train passes near the Great Bend of the Connecticut and then leaves the river. Hadley (see above) is seen to the right. 157 M. Hatfield (150 ft.). From (164 M.) South Deerfield (205 ft.) we may ascend Sugar Loaf Mt. (500 ft.), which rises to the right. A little farther on, to the right, is a monument marking the battlefield of Bloody Brook, where Capt. Lathrop and 80 young men, 'the flower of Essex Co.', were killed by Indians in 1675. 169 M. Deerfield (220 ft.), a pretty village at the foot of Deerfield Mt. (700 ft.), with (1890) 2910 inhabitants. Mt. Toby (see p. 134) may be ascended hence. - The train crosses the Deerfield and at (172 M.)

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From New York to (136 M.) Springfield, see R. 4a. We here join the Connecticut River R. R., which ascends the beautiful *Valley of the Connecticut (views mainly to the right). The train crosses the river by a long bridge. 140 M. Chicopee, a manufacturing town of (1890) 14,050 inhab., with cotton-mills, a bronze-foundry, etc. Chicopee Falls, 2 M. to the E., also with cotton-mills, is the home of Edward Bellamy, author of 'Looking Backward'. Tobacco is grown in this part of the valley. 144 M. Holyoke (95 ft.; Windsor, Hamilton, $21/2-3), an industrial city with (1890) 35,637 inhab., has the greatest water-power in New England and is said to be the chief paper-making place in the world (200 tons daily; value of manufactures in 1890, $ 24,500,000). The river has a fall of 60 ft. and is bridled by a huge dam, 1000 ft. across. Beyond (149 M.) Smith's Ferry we pass between Mt. Holyoke (see below) on the right and Mt. Tom (see below) on the left and cross the river.

153 M. Northampton (125 ft.; Norwood, $21/2-3; Mansion Ho., $21/2) 'the frontispiece of the book of beauty which Nature opens wide in the valley of the Connecticut', is a lovely elm-shaded city of (1890) 14,900 inhab., on the W. bank of the Connecticut. It is widely known as an educational centre.

The chief of its educational institutions is Smith College, one of the leading colleges for women (450-500 students). It possesses an art-gallery, a music hall, a gymnasium, etc. Other large buildings are Memorial Hall (with the Public Library), the State Lunatic Asylum (1 M. to the S.W.), and the Clarke Institution for Mutes. The last stands on Round Hill, which commands a good view of the town.

The chief of the numerous delightful excursions from Northampton is that to the top of Mt. Holyoke (955 ft.; Prospect Ho., at the top, $21/2), 2 M. to the S.E. A carriage-road leads to a small mountain-railway which surmounts the last 600 ft. (return-fare $1; toll for walkers 50 c.). The exquisite View from the summit includes the Connecticut Valley, the Hoosac Mts. and Greylock (W. and N.W.), Mt. Tom (S.W.), Springfield and the E. and W. Rocks at Hartford (S.), Mt. Wachusett (E.), Amherst (in the distance) and Monadnock (N.E.), and the Green Mts. (N.). The main summit of Mt. Tom (1335 ft.), 41/2 M. to the S., is seldom visited, but Mt. Nototuck (850 ft.; Eyrie Ho.), its N. peak, is easily accessible from Mt. Tom station (see above; *View). Hadley (Elmwood Ho.), a beautiful New England village, 212 M. to the N.E. of Northampton, is celebrated for its magnificent Avenue of elms. The regicides Goffe and Whalley lived in concealment at Hadley for 15 years (1664-79). At South Hadley, 1/2 M. to the S., is the Mt. Holyoke Seminary for Girls (250-300 pupils). Amherst (p. 63) is 7 M. to the N.E. of Northampton (coach daily).

Beyond Northampton the train passes near the Great Bend of the Connecticut and then leaves the river. Hadley (see above) is seen to the right. 157 M. Hatfield (150 ft.). From (164 M.) South Deerfield (205 ft.) we may ascend Sugar Loaf Mt. (500 ft.), which rises to the right. A little farther on, to the right, is a monument marking the battlefield of Bloody Brook, where Capt. Lathrop and 80 young men, 'the flower of Essex Co.', were killed by Indians in 1675. 169 M. Deerfield (220 ft.), a pretty village at the foot of Deerfield Mt. (700 ft.), with (1890) 2910 inhabitants. Mt. Toby (see p. 134) may be ascended hence. - The train crosses the Deerfield and at (172 M.)

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