From Boston to (57 M.) Portsmouth and (67 M.) Conway Junction, see R. 9a. Our line here diverges to the left (W.) 69 M. South Berwick; 70 M. Salmon Falls (p. 95); 73 M. Great Falls.

79 M. Rochester (Dodge's, Cascade, Mansion Ho., $2), a small manufacturing town with 4683 inhab., is the junction of lines to (29 M.) Portland (see p. 96) and to (18 M.) Alton Bay, on Lake Winnepesaukee (see p. 118).—87 M. Milton. From (97 M.) Wolfeborough Junction (Rail. Restaurant) a branch-line runs to (11 M.) Wolfeborough, on Lake Winnepesaukee (see p. 118). Beyond (115 M.) Ossipee Centre we have a view of Lake Ossipee to the right. 121 M. West Ossipee. To the left are seen the Ossipee Mts. and the Sandwich Mts. (p. 118), with the finely-shaped Chocorua as their Eastern flanksman. We pass between Elliot Pond (left) and Silver Lake (right). Near (125 M.) Madison is the largest erratic boulder (granite) known in the United States, and probably in the world (75 ft. long, 40 ft. wide, 30-37 ft. deep; prob. weight 7-8000 tons). 132 M. Conway (Conway Ho., $2-3; Pequawket Ho., $11/2-21/2), on the Saco River, is a quieter centre than N. Conway for the many pleasant excursions of this region. Moat Mt. (p. 124) is conspicuous on the left, and Mt. Kearsarge (p. 123) on the right.

138 M. North Conway, see p. 123. From North Conway to ·(211 M.) St. Johnsbury, see R. 14b; from St. Johnsbury to 365 M. Montreal, see R. 15c.

16. The White Mountains.

The chief ROUTES FROM BOSTON to the White Mts. are given at pp. 117, 120. The main gateways are North Conway (p. 123), reached in 11/2-8 hrs. (return-fares $61/2-93/4 acc. to route); Bethlehem (p. 128; 7 hrs.; $103/4-113/4); and Plymouth (p. 119; 31/2 hrs.; $61/2).

The chief direct ROUTE FROM NEW YORK is via Wells River to Fabyan's or Bethlehem (comp. R. 20 a; 101/2 hrs. ; return-fare $ 17), but many travellers approach via Boston and North Conway or Plymouth (comp. RR. 15c, 15d; 12 hrs.; return-fare $17.50).

Travellers from MONTREAL and QUEBEC generally approach viâ Gorham (p. 125), but may also proceed via St. Johnsbury to Bethlehem (comp. R. 15c).

EXCURSION (i.e. RETURN) TICKETS at reduced fares are issued in summer and autumn in all cases, giving alternative routes in going and returning, ample stop-over' privileges, and a liberal allowance of time. Through-carriages are run to the principal points in the Mts., and parlor or sleeping cars are attached to all the chief trains (about $11/2-21/2 extra). The variety of combinations in which the trip is possible is too great to be detailed here, but full information, with maps, time-tables, and illustrated guidebooks, may be obtained on application from the railway companies interested (comp. p. xxi). Circular Tour Tickets are also issued by Raymond & Whitcomb and Thos. Cook & Co. (p. xxv).

SEASON. The White Mts. may be comfortably visited any time from June to October inclusive, and pedestrians will find the earlier and later months preferable to the warmer and more crowded months of July and August. The colouring of the autumn leaves is an additional attraction in Sept. and October. Black flies and mosquitoes are somewhat troublesome in June. The larger hotels do not open before July.

TIME. The chief points of the White Mts., including Mt. Washington, the Crawford Notch, Bethlehem, and the Profile House, may be visited in a

week or even less; but it is highly desirable to spend at least 2-4 weeks in the district. A visit to Lake Winnepesaukee (p. 118) may be conveniently

combined with one to the White Mts.

HOTELS. The hotels vary from the large and fashionable summercaravanserais down to small, unassuming, and inexpensive inns and boarding houses. As a general rule they are good of their kind; and a special word of praise is due to the waiting of the students (male and female) at some of the larger houses. The rates vary from $1/2 to $5 a day and from $5 to $25 a week.

OUTFIT. Walkers should be provided with the plain outfit suggested at p. xxv, and should be prepared for both rain and cold, especially at the higher elevations. In July and August, however, the temperature in the valleys is pretty high, and light clothing suffices. Frequent change of dress has become all too usual at the larger hotels, but those whose object is rather outdoor exercise than indoor frivolity need not yield to this custom more than they choose.

GUIDES are seldom found in the White Mts., as most of the main routes are easily followed. They are, however, sometimes useful for the less well-known excursions (fee $ 2-3 a day); and the pedestrian should, at any rate, refrain from visiting the less-frequented routes alone. C. E. Lowe and Hubbard Hunt, of Randolph, are trustworthy guides for the Great Range ($3-4). A good pocket compass is useful, especially in the woods.

CARRIAGES ('Buckboards', etc.) are easily obtained at all the chief resorts. Those obtained from the hotels are expensive, but more reasonable terms may be obtained from livery-stable keepers and farmers.

BIBLIOGRAPHY. The fullest guidebook to the White Mts. is that by M. F. Sweetser (Houghton, Mifflin, & Co.; $11⁄2). Chisholm's White Mt. Guidebook (25 c.) is by the same author. Comp. T. Starr King's 'White Hills', S. A. Drakes's 'Heart of the White Mts.', and J. H. Ward's 'White Mts'.

The Appalachian Mountain Club (9 Park St., Boston), founded in 1876 and now numbering 800 members, has done good service in the White Mts. in making paths, setting up sign-posts, and preparing maps. Its quarterly periodical, Appalachia, contains much valuable information. Admission fee $5, annual subscription $3.

The White Mountains form the central portion of the Atlantic system of mountains extending from the peninsula of Gaspé to the Carolinas. In the ordinary use of the term, they cover an area of 1300 sq. M. in the state of New Hampshire, extending from the Androscoggin and Upper Ammonoosuc on the N. to the base of the Sandwich Range on the S. (a distance of 30 M.), and from the Maine frontier on the E. to the valley of the Connecticut on the W. (45 M.). The higher mountains rise from a plateau about 15001600 ft. above the sea, and attain an extreme elevation of 5-6000 ft. They are roughly divided into two main groups, the White Mts. proper to the E. and the Franconia Mts. to the W., but with numerous subordinate groups. In the original and narrowest sense the name of White Mts. is restricted to the Great or Presidential Range, extending for about 13 M. from Mt. Madison on the N.E. to Mt. Webster on the S.W. The summits of this range culminate in Mt. Washington (6293 ft.), the highest point to the E. of the Rockies and to the N. of N. Carolina. The great mass of the White Mts. consists of granite, overlaid by mica slate. The scenery of the White Mts. is of a very beautiful and varied nature; and though few of the summits are sharp enough to deserve the name of peaks, many of them (such as Mt. Washington and Mt. Lafayette) are of very

noble outline. They are now visited annually by many thousands of summer-guests, and all the chief points are of easy access. The first white visitor is said to have been Darby Field, in 1642. The following account notices the chief tourist centres.

a. North Conway.

North Conway (520 ft.; *Kearsarge Ho., $3-4; Sunset Pavilion, McMillan Ho., $3; North Conway Ho., $2; numerous boardinghouses), charmingly situated on a low terrace above the 'intervales' of the winding Saco River (pron. 'Sawco'), is a favourite resort with those who like to combine the softer beauties of the valley with excursions into the mountains. To the W. rises Moat Mt., to the E. the Green Hills, and to the N.E. Mt. Kearsarge and Hurricane Mt., while to the N. and N.W. more distant views are obtained of Mt. Washington and other lofty summits. About 11/2 M. to the N. lies the pretty and sequestered little hamlet of Intervale (550 ft; *Intervale Ho., $3; Bellevue, $2; stat., p. 110); and near the foot of Mt. Kearsarge (see below), 1 M. to the N.W., is Kearsarge Village (The Ridge, $2-21/2; Merrill Ho., $112).

To ECHO LAKE AND THE LEDGES, 2-21/2 M. From the Kearsarge Ho. we follow the road to the N. to (7 min.) the Sunset Pavilion, take the road to the left here (which soon passes below the railway), and cross the (7 min.) Saco by a covered bridge. A few hundred paces farther on we cross a branch of the river. About 8 min. farther on, at another brook, the road forks, the left branch leading to Echo Lake, the right to the Cathedral (see below). We follow the former. At the (12 min.) cross-roads we continue in a straight direction. 3 min. *Echo Lake (925 ft.), a tiny lake, finely situated at the base of a bold rocky bluff which has been prominent during most of our walk. This is the White Horse Ledge (so called from a patch of white rock), one of a series of so-called Ledges (100-900 ft.), or cliffs, in which Moat Mt. ends on this side. Following the bank of the lake towards the N. and disregarding roads leading back to the right, we reach (7 min.) a path leading through wood to the left, which ultimately crosses a fence and reaches (8 min.) a road. We follow the road in the same direction past a quarry, just beyond which are a small refreshment hut and the Devil's Den, under an overhanging slab of rock. A stony path clambers up the cliff to (3 min.) the Cathedral, a cavity in the granite rock, 60 ft. high, 40 ft. deep, 20 ft. wide, and 100 ft. above the river (view). We now return to the point whence we emerged from the forest-path, and follow the road to the left. At (6 min.) the high-road (white farm-house) we turn to the right. 10 min. Bridge, where we diverged to the left for Echo Lake (see above). [By turning to the left on regaining the high-road and following it for 3/4 M., we reach a sign-board pointing to Diana's Baths.]

TO ARTISTS FALLS, 13/4 M. We proceed to the S. from the Kearsarge Ho., past the Maine Central R. R. Station, to (10 min.) the bridge over Artists' Brook; then turn to left and follow the road, crossing another bridge, to (12 min.) the North Conway Keeley Institute (formerly Artists' Falls Hotel). A path to the right leads to (5 min.) the Forest Glen Mineral Spring (alkaline). To reach the falls we take the right branch of the fork opposite the spring, and in 5-6 min. more hear their roar. The Artists' Falls are small, but pretty in wet weather.

*ASCENT OF MT. KEARSARGE (5-6 hrs. there and back). Going N. from the Kearsarge Ho., we take the (3 min.) second turning to the right (signpost 'to Kearsarge Village'), cross the railway, and (5 min.) turn to the left. This road leads through Kearsarge Village (see above) to (114 M.) a small church, where we turn to the right. 1/3 M. Farm-house (carr. to

this point, 50 c. a head; horse hence to the top $2; guide, unnecessary, $2; ascent hence in 13/4-21/4 hrs.). The path, which is steep and stony at first, comparatively easy in the middle, and steep towards the top, begins behind the farm-house, crosses fields, and enters (8 min.) the wood. 25 min. Path leading back to the right to Prospect Ledge (View of Saco Valley, Moat Mt., etc.). About 10 min. farther up we pass a small spring (to the right). In 10 min. we emerge from the wood and reach the rocky ledges, and soon see a small cairn a little to our right. It is not easy to give directions from this point, but by noting the worn part of the rocks and keeping a look-out for the cairns, we reach the top in about 1 hr. more. At first we keep to the right and then swing round to the left to approach the summit from the W. The noble *View from the pyramidal Mt. Kearsarge, Kiarsarge, or Pequawket (3270 ft.; Rfmt. Hut at the top) includes the Saco Valley to the S. and W.; Mt. Chocorua and the bare ridge of Moat Mt. to the S.W.; Moosilauke (p. 131; in the distance), Mt. Hancock, Mt. Carrigain, and Mt. Lafayette, to the W. and W.N.W.; and most of the main summits of the White Mts., including a grand view of Mt. Washington, to the N.W., and the Wild-Cat and Carter Mts., with the Carter Notch between, to the N.; several lakes and ponds, including Lake Sebago, to the E. and S.E. The other Mt. Kearsarge (p. 117), 60 M. off, is seen to the left of Chocorua. The descent may be made to Bartlett (p. 110). In descending to N. Conway a little care is necessary to follow the route over the ledges. In the wood we keep mainly to the right, as nearly as possible straight down the incline.

Moat Mountain (N. peak, 3217 ft.; *View) may be ascended in 3-4 hrs., from North Conway by a path (sign-posts and cairns) beginning near (3 M.) Diana's Baths (see p. 123). Middle Mt. (1500 ft.), another good point of view, is ascended in 1 hr. by a path beginning near the Forest Glen Mineral Spring (see p. 123). The adjoining Peaked Mt. (1 hr.) and Sunset Hill (855 ft.), a 'cub' of Hurricane Mt., are also easily ascended.

Among the favourite DRIVES from N. Conway are those 'Around the Square' (5 M.), the 'Dundee Drive' (12 M.), and to Jackson Falls (9 M.; see below). The distance through the White Mountain Notch (p. 126) to the Crawford House (p. 126) is 26 M.

COACHES run regularly from N. and (20 M.) the Glen House (p. 125),

Conway to (9 M.) Jackson (see below) passing (5 M.) Glen Station (p. 110).

b. Jackson and the Glen House.

Jackson (760 ft.; Wentworth Hall, Arden Ho., and Thorn Mt. Ho., $4-5; Gray's Inn, $2-3; Jackson Falls Ho., $21/2-3; Glen Ellis Ho., $21/2; boarding-houses) is a small hamlet overshadowed by Iron Mt. (2740 ft.) and Thorn Mt. The *Jackson Falls, on the Wild-Cat River, near the hotels, are pretty. Good fishing.

Excursions are made hence to Goodrich Falls, 11/2 M. to the S. (fine after heavy rain only); up the glen of the Wild-Cat Brook to the (8 M.) Carter Notch (3320 ft.), between Wild-Cat Mt. (4415 ft.) and the Carter Dome (4856 ft.); to the top of (1 hr.) Thorn Mt. (ca. 2300 ft.); to (41/2 M.) Fernald Farm (view of Mt. Washington); to the (3 M.) Winneweta Falls, etc. Coaches ply to (4 M.) Glen Station, (11 M.) the Glen Ho., and (9 M.) N. Conway. Carriage to (20 M.) the top of Mt. Washington $6 each, incl. toll; there and back $7.

The road from Jackson to (11M.) the Glen House runs to the N. along the Ellis River, passing through the wooded Pinkham Notch (2018 ft.) and affording glimpses to the left of the deep ravines of Mt. Washington. About 4 M. from the Glen Ho. a path to the right (sign-board) leads to the (14 M.) *Glen Ellis Falls (70 ft.), and a little farther on, to the left (sign-board), diverges that to the (3/8 M.)