up *Monadnock Mt. (3186 ft.; *View), one of the finest mountains in New England. Beyond (104 M.) Westmoreland the train begins to descend into the valley of the Connecticut. 110 M. Walpole (Dinsmore Ho., $21/2), a charming summer-resort on the Connecticut. We now cross the river to

114 M. Bellows Falls (250 ft.; Island Ho, $211⁄2; Rail. Restaurant), in Vermont, a picturesque summer-resort. The wooded Mt. Kilburn, on the New Hampshire bank, affords a fine view of the village and the rapids in the river (fall of 40 ft.). At Bellows Falls we intersect the Connecticut River R. R. (see p. 143) and pass on to the tracks of the Central Vermont R. R.

Some of the trains from Bellows Falls to Burlington (see below) run via White River Junction (comp. p. 143).

We now traverse the pretty valley of the Williams River and soon begin to ascend the E. slope of the Green Mts. (see p. 117). Near (136 M.) Cavendish (920 ft.) are valuable quarries of serpentine marble. From (148 M.) Summit (1360 ft.) we descend rapidly to

167 M. Rutland (525 ft.; Berwick Ho., $211⁄2-3/2; Bates Ho., $2-3), a town of 11,760 inhab., largely built of fine white marble. It is the junction of the Delaware & Hudson R. R. (to Saratoga, etc.) and of the Bennington & Rutland R. R. (Troy, Albany, etc.).

Excursions may be made from Rutland to (7 M.) Clarendon Springs (Hotel; coach); to (10 M.) Killington Peak (4240 ft.; Hotel near the top, $21/2; View), the highest of the Green Mts.; to Mt. Ida, etc. - Vermont produces three-fourths of the marble quarried in the United States, and Rutland is the centre of the industry, which employs many thousand men. The Sutherland Falls Quarry, at Proctor, 5 M. to the N.W., is the largest single quarry in the world. The marble of Vermont is said to be whiter

and more durable than that of Carrara.

176 M. Pittsford (475 ft.), with marble quarries; 183 M. Brandon (365 ft.), with marble quarries, rich deposits of bog-iron, and mines of kaoline, used here in making mineral paint. From (188 M.) Leicester Junction a branch-line runs to (17 M.) Ticonderoga (p. 185). About 5 M. to the E. of (193 M.) Salisbury (stage) is the pretty Lake Dunmore (Lake Dunmore Ho., $212 -3), surrounded by the Green Mts., of which we have good views to the right. 199 M. Middlebury (335 ft.; Addison Ho., $2-21/2), the seat of a college, is a good centre for excursions to (11 M.) Breadloaf Inn (1600 ft.; $3), Snake Mt. (1310 ft.; "View), and other points among the Green Mts. We descend along the Otter Creek to (213 M.) Vergennes (170 ft.; Stevens Ho., $21/2), 8 M. from Lake Champlain, of which we obtain views, backed by the Adirondacks (R. 25), to the left.

243 M. Burlington (Van Ness Ho., $21/2-31/2; Burlington, $2; Chittenden, small, $1-2), beautifully situated on a hill rising from the E. shore of Lake Champlain (p. 184), is the chief city of Vermont and one of the largest lumber-marts in America, the lumber coming chiefly from Canada. Pop. (1890) 14,590. Near the public square in the centre of the town, which is well built and laid out, are the Post Office, the City Hall, the Court House, and the Young

Men's Christian Association. The Roman Catholic Cathedral and St. Paul's Episcopal Church are conspicuous among the churches.

The UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT, on a hill 365 ft. above the lake, is attended by 450-500 students.

The handsomest of its buildings is the Billings Library, designed by H. H. Richardson, and containing a fine collection of books in the Scandinavian languages. The University Tower commands a magnificent *View (best at sunset) of the city, Lake Champlain (with Juniper Island opposite Burlington), the Adirondacks (incl. Mt. Marcy, Mt. Mansfield, and Whiteface), and the Green Mts. (to the E.; Mt. Mansfield, Camel's Hump, etc.). In the University Park is a Statue of Lafayette, by J. Q. A. Ward. Col. Ethan Allen (see p. 117; monument) is buried in Green Mt. Cemetery, and Lake View Cemetery, to the N. W., is also worth visiting.

Pleasant walks and drives may be taken along the Winooski, to Shelburne Point, Mallett's Bay (8 M.), etc., and longer excursions to Mt. Mansfield (p. 117), Camel's Hump (p. 117), and other Green Mt. peaks. Steamers on Lake Champlain to Port Kent (Ausable Chasm), Plattsburg, etc., see R. 27.

Beyond Burlington our train runs to the N., passing the picturesque gorge and falls of the Winooski, to (251 M.) Essex Junction (Rail. Restaurant), where we join the line from White River Junction (comp. p. 117). We have constant views of the Green Mts. to the right and peeps of Lake Champlain and the Adirondacks on the left.

266 M. St. Albans (400 ft.; Welden Ho., $2-3; American Ho., $2; Rail. Restaurant), a pleasant village with 7771 inhab., finely situated on rising ground, 21/2 M. from Lake Champlain. It contains the car-shops of the Central Vermont R. R. and is an important market for butter and cheese. The elm-shaded square in the centre of the village is embellished with a handsome fountain.

Aldis Hill (500 ft.), 3/4 M. to the N.E. of St. Albans, and Bellevue Hill (1300 ft.), 2 M. to the S.W., command Views of the Green Mts., Adirondacks, and Lake Champlain (afternoon light best). St. Albans Bay (Lake View Ho., St. Albans Point Ho., $2) affords good bass and pike fishing. FROM ST. ALBANS TO RICHFORD, 28 M., railway in 11/4-21/4 hrs., along the Missiquoi River. 10 M. Sheldon Springs (Congress Hall, $22; Portland, 11/2 M. from Sheldon station, $2), with alkaline and mineral springs used for cutaneous diseases, dyspepsia, and liver complaints. The Missiquoi forms rapids here. 28 M. Richford (American Hô., $2), see p. 120.

-

From (272 M.) Swanton Junction a branch-line runs to (14 M.) Rouse's Point (p. 145; passing Alburgh Springs) and (132 M.) Ogdensburg (p. 207). 279 M. Highgate Springs (Franklin Ho., Lakeside, $21/2-3), near the Missiquoi Bay (muskalonge, black bass, pickerel; duck-shooting), with effective alkaline springs. A little farther on the train passes into Canada (Province of Quebec). Beyond (290 M.) Stanbridge we see the Rougemont and Beloeil to the right (p. 110). Crossing the Richelieu at (308 M.) St. John's (p. 120), we join the Grand Trunk Railway. Hence to

335 M. Montreal (Bonaventure Station), see Baedeker's Canada.

b. Viå Lowell and Concord.

335 M. BOSTON & LOWELL RAILROAD to (145 M.) White River Junction in 41/2-61/4 hrs.; CENTRAL VERMONT RAILROAD thence to (190 M.) Montreal in 6-7 hrs. (through-fare $9; parlor-car $ 11/2; sleeper $2).

Boston, see p. 72. The train starts from the Lowell Station

(Causeway St.; p. 72), crosses the Charles and the Fitchburg R. R. (p. 72), and runs to the N.W. through Somerville, Medford, and the picturesque *Middlesex Fells. To the left lies Mystic Pond. Farther on we cross the Concord River and reach (26 M.) Lowell (Merrimac Ho., St. Charles, American Ho., $2-21/2), at the confluence of the Concord and Merrimac, the third city of Massachusetts (pop. 77,696) and one of the most important industrial cities in the United States. In 1890 its huge mills and factories, run mainly by the water-power furnished by the Pawtucket Falls on the Merrimac (32 ft.; seen from the bridge), employed 29,000 hands and produced goods (woollen cloth, carpeting, etc.) to the value of $40,600,000 (8,120,000ī.). Dickens gives a graphic description of Lowell in his 'American Notes' (chap. 4), but many of its features have changed since his day, and the mill-operatives are now mainly French Canadians and Irish.

Beyond Lowell the line follows the Merrimac (seats to the right), and beyond (33 M.) Tyngsboro (View) it enters New Hampshire. - 40 M. Nashua (Tremont, $21/2; Laton Ho., $2), a pleasant town of 19,311 inhab., at the confluence of the Merrimac and the Nashua, with manufactures of iron, cotton, carpets, etc. The train now runs to the N. through the pretty valley of the Merrimac.

57 M. Manchester (New Manchester Ho., Windsor, $21/2-31/2; Rail. Restaurant), the largest city in New Hampshire (44,126 inhab.), with manufactures of cotton goods and prints (value in 1890, $19,000,000). Its water-power is furnished by the Amoskeag Falls, on the Merrimac. At (66 M.) Hooksett and other points we cross and recross the Merrimac. To the W. is Pinnacle Mt. (view).

75 M. Concord (250 ft.; New Eagle, $21/2-41/2; Phoenix, $21/231/2; Rail. Restaurant), the capital of New Hampshire, with 17,004 inhab., is a pleasant tree-shaded city on the W. bank of the Merrimac, with carriage-works and quarries of fine granite. Among the chief buildings are the State Capitol, the City Hall, and the Insane Asylum. Count Rumford (p. 91) lived here for some years.

FROM CONCORD TO CLAREMONT JUNCTION, 57 M., railway in 21/2 hrs. From (7 M.) Bradford coaches run to (5 M.) Bradford Mineral Springs (Hotel). 34 M. Newbury lies at the S. end of Lake Sunapee (950 ft.), a pretty sheet of water, 9 M. long and 1-3 M. wide, on which a small steamer plies. 55 M. Claremont. 57 M. Claremont Junction (see p. 143).

At Concord our present route diverges to the left from the main line of the Concord & Montreal R. R., which runs viâ Lake Winnepesaukee and Plymouth to Wells River Junction (see pp. 117, 119). As we cross the Conticook, near (82 M.) Fisherville, we see on Duston's Island, to the right, a colossal Statue of Mrs. Hannah Duston of Haverhill, who here killed 10-12 of her Indian captors and made her escape. Daniel Webster (1782-1852) was born 2 M. to the S. W. of (94 M.) Franklin. Farther on we pass Webster Lake (right) and Highland Lake. From (106 M.) Potter Place coaches run to (4 M.) the Winslow House, high up on the slope of Mt.

Kearsarge (2943 ft.; not to be confounded with Mt. Kearsarge in the White Mts., p. 123), the top of which (*View) is reached thence by a bridle-path. Beyond (126 M.) Canaan (955 ft.), to the left, lies Mascoma Lake, with a Shaker village on its S. bank. At (142 M.) W. Lebanon we cross the Connecticut to

144 M. White River Junction (365 ft.; Rail. Restaurant; Junction Ho., $2), where we cross the Passumpsic Division of the Boston & Maine R. R. and join the Central Vermont R. R.

From White River Junction to New York and to Quebec, see p. 143. - A branch-line runs to (14 M.) Woodstock, the birthplace of Hiram Powers (1805-73), the sculptor, and Geo. P. Marsh (1801-82), the diplomatist and Norse scholar.

Our line ascends through the picturesque *Valley of the White River, which flows down through the Green Mts. Beyond (153 M.) West Hartford we cross the river (*View). 159 M. Sharon (500 ft.), the birthplace of Joseph Smith (1805-1844), founder of Mormonism. At (177 M.) Randolph (680 ft.) the scenery becomes wilder and the higher summits of the Green Mts. come into sight. At (192 M.) Roxbury (1015 ft.) we cross the watershed and begin the descent to Lake Champlain. On a hill to the right, at (199 M.) Northfield, is Norwich University, a military college.

209 M. Montpelier Junction, whence a short branch-line runs to Montpelier (520 ft.; Pavilion, $2-3), the capital of Vermont, on the Winooski, with 4160 inhab. and a handsome *State House, surmounted by a dome 124 ft. high. In the portico is a Statue of Ethan Allen (1737-89; p. 115). — Near (213 M.) Middlesex (535 ft.) the Winooski passes through the Middlesex Narrows, a rocky gorge 1/4 M. long, 60 ft. deep, and 30 ft. wide. -217 M. Waterbury (430ft.; Waterbury Ho., $2) is a good centre for excursions.

Coaches run from Waterbury to the N. to (10 M.) Stowe (Brick Hotel, $2), a favourite summer-resort amid the Green Mts. Mt. Mansfield (4070 ft.), long supposed to be the highest of the Green Mts., is ascended hence by a good road (9 M.) and affords a splendid *View. It has three distinct peaks, the Forehead, Nose, and Chin, of which the last is the highest. The road ends at the base of the Nose (Summit Ho., $2-3), whence a path ascends to the Chin (3/4-1 hr.). The view from the Nose is, however, almost as good, including Lake Champlain and the distant Adirondacks. Excursions may also be made from Stowe to Moss Glen Falls, the Smuggler's Notch, the Camel's Hump (see below), etc.

Camel's Hump (ca. 4000 ft.) is now seen to the S.W. (left) and may be reached from (222 M.) North Duxbury (road 3 M., path 3 M.). To the N. (right) we see the Bolton Falls. At (236 M.) Williston we cross the Winooski (view of Mt. Mansfield and Ca.mel's Hump). Lake Champlain is seen to the left.

From (241 M.) Essex Junction to (335 M.) Montreal, see R. 15a.

c. Viâ Concord, Plymouth, Wells River, and Newport. 344 M. BOSTON & MAINE RAILROAD to (235 M.) Newport in 71/2-8 hrs. ; CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY thence to (109 M.) Montreal in 4-41/2 hrs. (fares as above). This route runs vià Lake Winnepesaukee (p. 118) and also forms one of the approaches to the White Mts. (p. 121; views to the right).

Our present line About 4 M. from

From Boston to (75 M.) Concord, see R. 15b. crosses the Merrimac and runs towards the N. (84 M.) Canterbury is a large Shaker village. To the left rises Mt. Kearsarge (p. 117). On the hill above (93 M.) Tilton is a Memorial Arch (55 ft. high), erected in honour of the Tilton family. Beyond Tilton, where we leave the Merrimac, we cross and recross the Winnepesaukee River and skirt Lake Winnisquam. Ahead (left) rise the Sandwich Mts. 102 M. Laconia (Eagle). — 104 M. Lake Village (Mt. Belknap Ho., $2), at the extremity of Long Bay, an inlet of Lake Winnepesaukee, is the junction of a branch-line to (17 M.) Alton Bay (see below), at the S. end of Lake Winnepesaukee.

*Lake Winnepesaukee or Winnepiseogee (470 ft.; Smile of the Great Spirit' or 'Beautiful Water in a High Place'), the largest lake in New Hampshire, is an irregularly shaped sheet of water, 25 M. long and 1-7 M. wide, surrounded by picturesque hills and dotted with innumerable islands. Its waters (10-300 ft. deep) are singularly clear and are wellstocked with fish. The villages on the shores of the lake are favourite summer-resorts, and are centres for numerous charming excursions. Small steamers traverse the lake (see below), which is generally reached either at Alton Bay, Weirs, or Wolfeborough (see below).

Alton Bay (Winnepesaukee House, $21/2) lies at the end of the narrow fjord, 5 M. long, forming the S. extremity of the lake. Among the excursions made from this point is the ascent of Belknap Mt. (2395 ft.; *View; afternoon light best), 12 M. to the N.W. (carriage-fare there and back $12). Nearer points of view are Mt. Major, Prospect Hill, and Sheep Mt. Merry Meeting Lake lies 3 M. to the E. Besides the above-mentioned route, Alton Bay is reached viâ Lawrence and Dover (see p. 95).

From Alton Bay a small steamer plies to (9 M.) Wolfeborough (Kingswood, $21/2-3/2; Glendon, Bellevue, $2-3; Lake, $11/2-2; many boardinghouses), the largest village on the lake (3020 inhab.), pleasantly situated on the E. bank. The favourite excursion is to Copple Crown Mt. (2100 ft.), 61/2 M. to the S.E. (carriage, $112 each), the View from which includes Mts. Ossipee and Chocorua to the N. (with Mt. Washington in the distance on a clear day) and extends to the ocean on the S.E. Tumble Down Dick, to the N. of Copple Crown, also affords a good view. Wolfeborough may also be reached viâ Salem, Portsmouth, and Wolfeborough Junction (see p. 121).

From Wolfeborough steamers run across the lake to (14 M.) Weirs (comp. below; 80c.) and up the lake to (17 M.) Centre Harbor (80c.), both routes affording beautiful views, including Mt. Washington.

Weirs (Sanborn's, Lakeside, Winnecoette, $3-312; Story's, $2), on the W. side of the lake, is a popular summer camping-ground of various ecclesiastical and other bodies. It is a station on the Concord & Montreal R. R. (see below), and steamers run to Lake Village (see above).

Centre Harbor (Senter Ho., $3-4; Moulton, $2; boarding-houses), at the N.W. extremity of the lake, is, perhaps, the pleasantest point to sojourn. About 4 M. to the N.W. (carr. to the foot, bridle-path to the to p 11/2 M.) rises Red Hill (2038 ft.), commanding a splendid View, with the Sandwich Mts. (Chocorua, etc.) to the N. and N.E. To the W. of Red Hill, about 3 M. from Centre Harbor, lies *Squam Lake, a smaller edition of Lake Winnepesaukee (Asquam Ho., on Shepherd Hill, on the W. bank. Centre Harbor Hill (1 M.) is a good point of view. Drives may be taken Round the Ring', to Ossipee Park, Plymouth (p. 119), etc. - Coaches run from Centre Harbor to (18 M.) West Ossipee, whence Mt. Chocórua (3508 ft.; *View), one of the most finely shaped mountains in New England, may be ascended viâ Tamworth.

From Lake Village (see above) the train runs to the N. along the bays on the W. side of Lake Winnepesaukee. 109 M. Weirs (see above); 112 M. Meredith, 5 M. from Centre Harbor (see above).