The commerce and navy of Belgium, 477 | Tortugas, coast survey of,.

46
16, 313

66
539

400 Treasury decision on canary seed,.. 419

"tobacco trade of the U. S.,.. 544 Treaty between France and Italy,.. 526

57 Turk's Island, new light-house at,... 91

trade for the year 1860,.. 54 Tyrian dye, duty on,.

XV

Bound copies of Volume XLV., and of preceding volumes, will be furnished
to order, price three dollars each; or will be exchanged for Nos., at a charge of
fifty cents each, on application to the publisher, 61 and 63 William-street, N. Y.

JOHN W. AMERMAN, Printer, 47 Cedar Street, N. Y.

THE

MERCHANTS' MAGAZINE

AND

COMMERCIAL REVIEW.

JULY, 1861.

COTTON AND COTTON MANUFACTURE.

I. VALUE OF BRITISH COTTON GOODS IN 1860.-II. PROGRESS OF THE COTTON MANUFACTURE FROM 1836 TO 1860.-III. COTTON TRADE OF GREAT BRITAIN AT SIX DECENNIAL PERIODS, AND WEEKLY CONSUMPTION SINCE 1847.-IV. IMPORTS Of Cotton into Great BritAIN, 18201859, FROM THE UNITED STATES, BRAZIL, MEDITERRANEAN, BRITISH EAST INDIES, BRITISH WEST INDIES, WITH THE ANNUAL AVERAGE PRICE OF UNITED STATES Uplands, Brazil and EAST INDIA SURAT COTTON.-V. CAPACITY OF THE COTTON BALE.-VI. STOCK OF COTTON AT LIVERPOOL, 1844-1860.-VII. THE CHIEF MANUFACTURING COUNTRIES OF EUROPE COMPARED WITH THE UNITED STATES.-VIII. COTTON MANUFACTURE OF FRANCE.-IX. HOLLAND AND THE NETHERLANDS.-X. LABOR AND WAGES IN ENGLAND.-XI. SPINDLES AND PRODUCTION IN THE UNITED STATES.-XII. EXPORTS OF COTTON MANUFACTURES FROM GREAT BRITAIN, AND AVERAGE PRICE OF GOODS, 1815-1860.

I. VALUE OF BRITISH COTTON GOODS.

WE have before expressed the opinion, that the value of British manufactured goods exceeds annually four hundred and fifty millions of dollars; while the total cost of the raw material being only one hundred and fifty millions of dollars, (£34,550,000 sterling,) there is a resulting profit to England of three hundred millions of dollars, in round numbers. This is confirmed by a recent statement in URE's History of the Cotton Manufacture, (London, H. G. BoиN, 1861,) where it is stated:

"The total cotton manufacture for home and foreign use, according to Mr. POOLE, (Statistics of British Commerce,) may be reasonably assumed at twice the value of the raw material consumed. And this assumption is borne out by the estimate given upon the authority of Messrs. DU FAY & Co., of Manchester. Hence, as we paid more than £30,000,000 for the raw cotton we consumed in 1859, this would give an aggregate value of £90,000,000 for the cotton manufacture at present, including the price of both raw material and finished products.

"We know, from the official returns, that more than one-third of our entire exports in 1859 consisted of cotton. Besides which, there has to

be added the proportion of cotton which forms part of £12,000,000 more exported in the shape of mixed woollens, haberdashery, millinery, silks, apparel and slops. The home consumption of cottons, which a few years ago was calculated to average £25,000,000 annually, must have greatly increased, so as to bear a close approximation to the quantity exported, £48,000,000. The amount of actual capital invested in the cotton trade of the kingdom is believed to be now about £60,000,000 sterling."

II. RAPID PROGRESS OF THE COTTON MANUFACTURE IN ENGLAND.

In the year 1846, only fifteen years ago, the total value of British manufactured cottons was only forty-four millions sterling; whereas, in 1860, the value is officially reported at £92,013,000. The growth of these manufactures since the year 1836 is shown in the following tabular

statement:

VALUE OF THE HOME AND EXPORT TRADE IN BRITISH MANUFACTURED COTTON GOODS,