tion in its historical and constitutional aspects, and yet not so minute or prolix as to dishearten or deter the ordinary reader from approaching the subject, might be of use to both pupils and teachers."

1688, the year of the English Revolution, the final overthrow of the Stuarts, was twenty-eight years after the Restoration of Charles II, which brought the Puritan period to an end. It was just forty years after the Peace of Westphalia, which ended the Thirty Years' War on the Continent. The Thirty Years' War began the year (1618) that Raleigh laid down his head on the block in Palace Yard, the victim of James I, and ended the year before Charles I came to the scaffold in Whitehall, thus being exactly synchronous with the long struggle of Parliament with the Stuarts, out of which came the Commonwealth. Milton and Marvell, the Puritan poets, had been dead, the one fourteen years, the other ten, in 1688. Sir Harry Vane had suffered two years after the Restoration. Bunyan, whose Pilgrim's Progress had been published ten years, died in this same year, 1688. Baxter died three years later. Baxter had been a chaplain in the army of Parliament after the battle of Naseby. Three years before the Revolution he had been tried before Judge Jeffreys and imprisoned. That was

the year of the famous " Bloody Assizes." Lord William Russell and Algernon Sidney, the noble republican, infamously condemned for participation in the "Rye House plot," had both been executed five years before the Revolution. Ralph Cudworth and Henry More, the Cambridge Platonists, died, the former the year of the Revolution, the latter the year before. Alexander Pope was born this year, 1688. Emanuel Swedenborg was born at Stockholm the same year, dying in London just before our Revolution. Richardson, the novelist, was born the next year. Dryden had been poet laureate twenty years; he had published The Hind and the Panther the year before, 1687. Newton had published his Principia at the same time. Swift, his studies at Trinity College, Dublin, ended, came over to England in the year of the Revolution. Daniel Defoe, the author of Robinson Crusoe, then a young man a little older than Swift, joined the Prince of Orange's army. Defoe was born in 1661, the year after the Restoration. The Great Plague, of which he afterwards wrote so vivid an account, occurred when he was only four years old. That was the first of a rapid series of terrible afflictions for London. The Great Fire came the next year, 1666; and it was the year after that that De Ruyter sailed up the Thames and threatened the city. Addison, in 1688, was an

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Oxford student. Isaac Watts was only a boy of fourteen, but already making verses. George Fox, the Quaker, was nearing the end of his life. His friend, William Penn, who had much influence with James II, and who had just founded Pennsylvania, is now back in England. Christopher Wren is building St. Paul's cathedral. Greenwich Observatory had just been founded, and Flamsteed, the first astronomer-royal, for whose use it was built (it was called Flamsteed House at first), was making the first trustworthy catalogue of the fixed stars. The Habeas Corpus Act had been passed about ten years before; and the terms “Whig ” and “ Tory" had come into use at the same time. Before William's reign was over, the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts was founded, the Bank of England was incorporated, and England was visited by Peter the Great, who was already Czar of Russia in 1688. The ruins of Pompeii were discovered just at the time of the Revolution. In France, the classical literary period was coming to an end. Corneille had been dead four years, Moliere about ten years longer, Pascal about ten years longer still; Pascal, who so earnestly opposed the Jesuits in France, died the same year (1662) that Sir Harry Vane died on the scaffold in England. Racine, the most admired of the French dramatists, was still living in 1688; his greatest work, Athalie, appeared just after the Revolution, and he died near the close of William's reign. Bossuet was living, and published his famous work on Protestantism this very year, 1688. Montesquieu, whose work on The Spirit of Laws was more cited than any other work by the framers of our own Constitution, was born the next year, and Voltaire soon afterwards. Madame de Sévigné, now sixty, was living in Paris, writing letters to her "infinitely dear child.” Fenelon had just formed the acquaintance of Madame Guyon, and his controversy with Bossuet over Madame Guyon's "Quietism" began presently. Louis the Fourteenth was King of France. It was the time of John Sobieski in Poland. It was the time of Sir Edmund Andros and the struggle for the Charter in Massachusetts, the time too of the witchcraft horror. In Germany, Bach and Händel had just been born, both in the same year, 1685. This is a good point to remember in the history of music. In connection with the history of philosophy, it is easy to remember that John Locke, who had been exiled in Holland, came back to England in the fleet that conveyed the Princess of Orange. He had finished his great work, the Essay on the Human Understanding, in Holland, the year before the Revolution, and his first letter on Toleration appeared the year after the Revolution. The student of American history will remember that it was John Locke who framed the constitution of Carolina, while Charles II was King. Berkeley, who was influenced by Locke and who also is interesting to the student of American history on account of his residence in Rhode Island and his "Westward the course of Empire," etc., was a boy of four in 1688. Hobbes

was born just a century before Locke came back from Holland with his book, the very year of the Armada. Locke was born in 1632, just a century before the birth of Washington. Spinoza was born at Amsterdam the same year, which was the year that Gustavus Adolphus fell at Lützen; but he died at the age of forty-four, while Locke lived until 1704, just a century before the death of Kant. It will be remembered that Spinoza corresponded with Leibnitz, then a young man, and sent him the manuscript of his Ethics. Spinoza's first important philosophical work was his abridgment of the Meditations of Descartes, which he wrote at Rhynsburg near Leyden. It was in retirement near Leyden that Descartes had written nearly all of his important works, while Spinoza was yet a boy.

The course of Old South Lectures for the summer of 1888 had the general title of "THE STORY OF THE CENTURIES," the several subjects being as follows: "The Great Schools after the Dark Ages; ""Richard the Lion-Hearted and the Crusades;""The World which Dante knew;" "The Morning-Star of the Reformation; "“ Copernicus and Columbus, or the New Heaven and the New Earth;" "The People for whom Shakespeare wrote; ""The Puritans and the English Revolution; " "Lafayette and the Two Revolutions which he saw." In connection with the lectures, the young people were requested to fix in mind the following dates, observing that in most instances the date comes about a decade before the close of the century. An effort was made in the Leaflets for the year to make dates, which are so often dull and useless to young people, interesting, significant, and useful. -11th Century: Lanfranc, the great medieval scholar, who studied law at Bologna, was prior of the monastery of Bec, the most famous school in France in the 11th century, and archbishop of Canterbury under William the Conqueror, died, 1089. 12th Cent.: Richard I crowned, 1189. 13th Cent.: Dante at the battle of Campaldino, the final overthrow of the Ghibellines in Italy, 1289. 14th Cent.: Wyclif died, 1384. 15th Cent. America discovered, 1492. 16th Cent. Spanish Armada, 1588. 17th Cent.: William of Orange lands in England, 1688. 18th Cent.: Washington inaugurated, and the Bastile fell, 1789. The Old South Leaflets for the year, corresponding with the several lectures, were as follows: 1."The Early History of Oxford," from Green's History of the English People. 2.-" Richard Cœur de Lion and the Third Crusade," from the Chronicle of Geoffrey de Vinsauf. 3.-"The Universal Empire," passages from Dante's De Monarchia. 4.-"The Sermon on the Mount," Wyclif's translation. 5.-"Copernicus and the Ancient Astronomers," from Humboldt's Cosmos. 6.-"The Defeat of the Spanish Armada," from Camden's Annals. 7.-"The Bill of Rights," 1689. 8.-"The Eve of the French Revolution," from Carlyle. These selections are accompanied by full historical and bibliographical notes by Mr. Edwin D. Mead, and it is hoped that the series will prove of much service to students and teachers engaged in the general survey of modern history. The present Leaflet originally had place in this 1888 series. The Leaflets are sold for five cents a copy or three dollars per hundred; the series of eight, neatly bound in flexible cloth cover, forty cents. Directors of Old South Studies, Old South Meeting House, Boston. Schools and the trade supplied by D. C. Heath & Co., Boston, New York and Chicago.

OLD SOUTH LEAFLETS, GENERAL SERIES.

No. 1. The Constitution of the United States. 2. The Articles of Confederation. 3. The Declaration of Independence. 4. Washington's Farewell Address. 5. Magna Charta. 6. Vane's "Healing Question 7. Charter of Massachusetts Bay, 1629. 8. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, 1638. 9. Franklin's Plan of Union, 1754. 10. Washington's Inaugurals. 11. Lincoln's Inaugurals and Emancipation Proclamation. 12. The Federalist, Nos. 1 and 2. 13. The Ordinance of 1787. 14. The Constitution of Ohio.* 15. Washington's Circular Letter to the Governors of the States, 1783. 16. Washington's Letter to Benjamin Harrison, 1784. 17. Verrazzano's Voyage, 1524. 18. The Constitution of Switzerland.*

19. The Bill of Rights, 1689. etc. Price, five cents per copy; one hundred copies, three dollars. Directors of Old South Studies, Old South Meeting House, Boston.

* Double number, price ten cents.

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THE

RELATION OF FRANCIS VAZQUEZ DE CORONADO, CAPTAINE GENERALL OF THE PEOPLE WHICH WERE SENT IN THE NAME OF THE EMPEROURS MAIESTIE TO THE COUNTREY OF CIBOLA NEWLY DISCOUERED, WHICH HE SENT TO DON ANTONIO DE MENDOCA VICEROY OF MEXICO, OF SUCH THINGS AS HAPPENED IN HIS VOYAGE FROM THE 22. OF APRILL IN THE YEERE 1540. WHICH DEPARTED FROM CULIACAN FORWARD, AND OF SUCH THINGS AS HEE FOUND IN THE COUNTREY WHICH HE PASSED.

CHAP. I.

Francis Vazquez departeth with his armie from Culiacan, and after diuers troubles in his voyage, arriueth at the valley of the people called Los Caracones, which he findeth barren of Maiz: for obtaining whereof hee sendeth to the valley called The valley of the Lord: he is informed of the greatnesse of the valley of the people called Caracones, and of the nature of those people, and of certaine Islands lying along that coast.

THE 22. of the moneth of Aprill last past I departed from the prouince of Culiacan with part of the army, and in such order as I mentioned vnto your Lordship, and according to the successe I assured my selfe, by all likelihood that I shall not bring all mine armie together in this enterprise: because the troubles haue bene so great and the want of victuals, that I thinke all this yeere wil not be sufficient to performe this enterprise, & if it should bee performed in so short a time, it would be to the great losse of our people. For as I wrote vnto your Lordship, I was fourescore dayes in trauailing to Culiacan, in all which time I and those Gentlemen my companions which were horsemen, carried on our backs, and on our horses, a little victuall, so that from henceforward wee carried none other needefull apparell with vs, that was aboue a pound weight and all this notwithstanding, and though we put our

:

selues to such a small proportion of victuals which wee carried, for all the order that possibly wee could take, wee were driuen to our ships. And no maruayle, because the way is rough and long and with the carriage of our Harquebuses downe the mountaines and hilles, and in the passage of Riuers, the greater part of our corne was spoyled. And because I send your Lordship our voyage drawen in a Mappe, I will speake no more thereof in this my letter.

Thirtie leagues before wee arriued at the place which the father prouinciall tolde vs so well of in his relation, I sent Melchior Diaz before with fifteene horses, giuing him order to make but one dayes iourney of two, because hee might examine all things, against mine arriuall: who trauailed foure dayes iourney through exceeding rough Mountaines where hee found neither victuals, nor people, nor information of any things, sauing that hee found two or three poore little villages, containing 20. or 30. cottages a piece, and by the inhabitants thereof hee vnderstoode that from thence forward there were nothing but exceeding rough mountaines which ran very farre, vtterly disinhabited and voyd of people. And because it was labour lost, I would not write vnto your Lordship therof.

It grieued the whole company, that a thing so highly commended, and whereof the father had made so great bragges, should be found so contrary, and it made them suspect that all the rest would fall out in like sort. Which when I perceiued I sought to encourage them the best I coulde, telling them that your Lordshippe alwayes was of opinion, that this voyage was a thing cast away, and that wee should fixe our cogitation vpon those seuen Cities, and other prouinces, whereof wee had knowledge that there should bee the ende of our enterprise: and with this resolution and purpose wee all marched cheerefully through a very badde way which was not passable but one by one, or else wee must force out with Pioners the path which wee founde, wherewith the Souldiours were not a little offended, finding all that the Frier had sayde to bee quite contrary: for among other things which the father sayde and affirmed, this was one, that the way was plaine and good, and that there was but one small hill of halfe a league in length. And yet in trueth there are mountaines which although the way were well mended could not bee passed without great danger of breaking the horses neckes: and the way was such, that of the cattell which your Lordship sent vs for the prouision of our armie wee lost a great part in the voyage through the roughnesse of the ockes. The lambes and sheepe lost their hoofes in the way: