CONCLUSION.

The speech of Bishop Simpson occupied nearly an hour in the delivery. I have given the substance of it, but very imperfectly. The presence and manner of the speaker added much to the effect of it, and the fact of his long and intimate personal and political friendship for Mr. Lincoln added more. He held the undivided attention of the entire audience and the effect of his address was evidently very great.

After the Bishop closed, Mr. Clay took the platform and offered a series of resolutions for adoption by the meeting-declaring that the war against the Filipinos was unjustly and unconstitutionally begun by the President-that they were the owners of their own country and had a right to freedom and independence and self-government, and that no nation had a right to force any form of government upon them against their own consent. And requesting Congress to put an immediate stop to the war, and the President to enter promptly into a treaty of peace with the Filipinos upon the basis of their freedom and independence.

He explained each resolution briefly, and then for a few minutes addressed the meeting, urging their unanimous adoption. It was the most eloquent speech I ever heard. His appeal to those who professed to be followers of Christ was irresistible. He stated that he was himself a member of a Christian church, and that he expected soon to stand before the judgment-seat of Christ, and there to meet the inhabitants of those islands, who had been persecuted so long by professedly Christian men.

He wished to meet them feeling that his garments were not stained with their blood. In that awful presence he wished to know that his robe was white and pure, and he appealed to all his hearers to so vote now and act hereafter that they could feel, in the presence of their final Judge, that they had done their whole duty to these unfortunate people and all others.

The effect of this speech was shown in the vote upon the resolutions. It seemed to be the unanimous voice of twenty thousand people. It seemed to pierce the roof of the building, and to reach the very throne of the Almighty Power before whom Mr. Clay had summoned his audience.

The noise awoke me from my long sleep. The great auditorium, the vast audience, the tall commanding form of the speaker, the sad earnest face of Mr. Lincoln, the benign countenance of Bishop Simpson, the majestic form of Washington-the whole wonderful scene in which I had been entranced for so many hours faded away and left nothing behind but the remembrance of a dream.

APPENDIX.

Note to Bishop Simpson's sermon (taken from the Literary Digest for March, 1900).

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Regret is expressed by several papers for the state of affairs pictured in a number of reports from the Philippines, which seem to agree that there is an immense amount of drunkenness among the Americans there. President Schurman, of the Philippine Commission, it will be remembered, said publicly soon after his return to this country: 'I regret that Americans have been allowed to establish saloons in the Philippines, for the Filipinos are a temperate people, and the sight of an intoxicated American disgusts them. Nothing has done so much damage to the reputation of the American people as this.' Captain Frank M. Wells, chaplain of the First Regiment of Tennessee Volunteers, who describes himself as 'an Administration man clear through,' said in an address in Washington, February 11th, that 'before the American troops entered Manila there were only three saloons in the city, and that in each only soft drinks were sold; but that now there are four hundred saloons, selling whisky. And the drunkenness seems to be as bad afloat as ashore.' He said:

""While on board one of the transports to Cebu, I found that liquor-selling was the same as on the other transports. I tried to have it stopped, but failed. I took special care of the men in my regiment, with the determination that if I could not save their souls, I would at least get them to hell sober. I never saw so much liquor on a Mississippi steamboat, and I have traveled on a good many, as I saw on the transport Sheridan the last three days we were in Cebu,'

"Similar testimony was given a few weeks ago by Lieutenant E. Hearne, of the Fifty-first Iowa Volunteers, who had just returned from Manila. In an address in New York City he said:

""The Filipinos, while pagans and semi-civilized, are moral and sober. They first learn of Christianity from the profane sailor, and when they see immense numbers of drunken, profane, and immoral soldiers representing this country, they have little respect for the religion they profess. 'If that is your religion,' they say, 'we prefer our own.' The soldier, when associated with others, loses his identity. Then his savage and lower nature displays itself. This is particularly true of the soldier in the Philippines, idle under a tropical sun. He loses all his religion. It is our duty first to send out Christian soldiers if we expect to make any sort of impression on the people there.'

"Mr. W. B. Miller, who has charge of the Army and Navy work of the Young Men's Christian Association, said in an address at the same meeting:

"So great was the effect of the drunkenness and irreverence of the American soldier in the Philippines that one man, writing to me from Manila, said that two missionaries gave up their work among the natives and went to work on the army. They realized the uselessness of their work when there was an immoral and drunken army representing this country on hand. One drunken soldier can do more evil than two missionaries can undo. The sending of whisky and questionable things to Manila is not a badge of honor for this country.'

"The latest report from Manila on this phase of expansion comes from Mr. H. Irving Hancock, Manila correspondent of Leslie's Weekly, who says:

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""Of all the problems that confront us in the reconstruction of the Philippines, the gravest and wickedest is one of our own importation. The Manila saloons, taken collectively, are the worst possible kind of a blot on Uncle Sam's fair The city's air reeks with the odors of the worst of English liquors. And all this has come to pass since the 13th day of August, 1898! To-day there is no thoroughfare of length in Manila that has not its long line of saloons. The street-cars carry flaunting advertisements of this brand of whisky and that kind of gin. The local papers derive their main revenue from the displayed advertisements of firms and companies eager for their share of Manila's drink-money. The city presents to the new-comer a Saturnalia of alcoholism. *

"I do not mean this as a tirade against all saloons. It is only a much-needed protest against the worst features of the American saloon that have crept into Manila arm in arm with our boasted progress. There is nowhere in the world such an excessive amount of drinking, per capita, as among the few thousand Americans at present living in Manila. Nor does this mean that we have sent the worst dregs of Americanism there. Far from it; some of the best American blood is represented in Manila. There are men of brains and attainment there, who would nobly hold up our name were it not for the saloon at every step. Gamblers and depraved women-in both classes the very dregs of this and other countries have followed, and work hand in hand with their