Chinese, exclusion of, 501, 504, 582.

Chloroform, 428.

Choctaws, the, 3, 23.

Churches (1776-1800),
Cienfuegos. 521.

323.

Cincinnati, 312, 354, 356, 399, 476, 479, 499,
505, 511.

Cities (1776-1800), 311, 312; population
(1790), 311, 323; (1830), 354; streets, 354;
improvements, 355, 583; compromise of
1850, 391-394, 396; (1830-1860), 428; popu-
lation (1865-1900), 488, 583.

Civil war, the, causes, 441-444; campaigns,
444-465.

Clarendon, Lord, 97.

Clarke, George Rogers, 213, 252.
Clarke, James Freeman, 364.
Clarke, William, 331.

Clay, Henry, 320; Speaker, 337, 343; nomi-
nated for President, 370; compromise of
1833, 371. 378, 380, 381; and the Whigs
(1840), 378; nominated for President, 380,
391, 393, 396, 436, 437.
Clayborne, William, 95.

Clemens, Samuel L. (Mark Twain"), 435,
585.

46

Clermont," the, 361.
Cleveland, 312; 479, 499.

Cleveland, Grover, 435; President, 502-506,
510-514.

Clinton, De Witt, 340.

Clinton, George, 295; Vice-President, 332,
336.

Clinton, Governor, 276.

Clinton, Sir Henry, 212, 213, 216.

Coal, 324, 357.

Cobb, Howell, 392.

Cochrane, John C., 460.

Cockburne, Admiral, 342.

Colfax, Schuyler, 472.

College of Philadelphia; 313.

College training (1776-1800), 312; (1830-
1860), 433.
Collins Line, 433.
"Colonial," term, 138.

Colonies, the, natural divisions and groups,
144; trade, 144: population, bond and free,
144; nationalities, 145; population, num-
bers, 145; redemptioners, convicts, 145;
pig-iron, 146; agriculture, 146-48; trade-
centers, 146, 147; the New England peo-
ple, 147; the planters, 148; education and
schools, 148, 149; the Assemblies, 150;
taxation by Parliament, 150; the suffrage,
150, 151; politics and politicians, 151; pam-
phleteers, 152; books (1640-1776), 152-156;
newspapers, 153; the almanac, 155, 156:
travel, 156; inns, 156; industrial restric-
tions, 157.

Colorado, 480, 496.

Colt, Samuel, 428.

Columbia University (King's College),

615

Marco Polo, 11; theory of reaching Asia,
II; and Toscanelli, 11; efforts to equip a
fleet, 11, 12, aided by Isabella, 12; se-
cures a fleet, 12; first voyage, 12; dis-
covery of land, 13; exploration of the
islands, 13; second voyage, 13, 14; third
and fourth voyages, 14; his ideas of the
new region, 14; death, 14.

Columbus, Ohio, 476.

Commerce, ruin of American (1801-1812),
328-338; (1848-1900), 593, 594-597.
Commission (1898), on treaty of peace
with Spain, 523.

Committees of Correspondence, 151,
160.

Common Sense," by Thomes Paine, 152,
155.

Compromise of 1850, 391-394.

Conant, John A., 502.
Concord, 160-162.

Concord Hymn," 161.

Confederacy, Southern, 440, 445.

Confederate States of America, 440, 445.
Confederation, the, formation, 235-240; effi-
ciency, 241; defects, 242, 243; difficulties,
245-247; limitations, 247-249; attempted
reform of, 250; work of, 251, 252; State
land cessions to, 252-254; collapse of,
263-282, bills of credit issued by, 268-273,
277-280; general character of, 255-265.
Congress, first Colonial (1689), 54; Albany
(1754), 117; Stamp Act (1765), 130, 131;
continental (1774), 138-140. second con-
tinental (1775), 161, at York, Lancaster,
Baltimore, 209; character of (1774-1776),
222-230; of the confederation (1781-1789),
251; confirms Washington's cabinet, 291;
creates executive departments, 291; or-
ganizes the judiciary, 291; on assump-
tion of the debts, 292-293; charters the
United States bank (1791), 294; fugitive
slave law (1792), 294; proposes amend-
ments to the constitution, 294; lays em-
bargo (1794), 300; and Jay's treaty, 300,
301; Spanish treaty (1793), 301, alien and
sedition acts, 306-309; repeal alien and
sedition acts, 329; non-importation act,
334; its repeal, 336; Macon bill," the,
336; declares war with England, 337;
Foote resolution, 369; Force bill (1833),
371; independent treasury, 375, 378; atti-
tude toward slavery, 294, 386, 388-394, 397,
398, 401, 441-444, 459, 460; resolution to
preserve the Union, 446; and reconstruc-
tion, 467-481; silver question in, 498, 508,
512; tariff (see under); presidential suc-
cession, 500; polygamy, 501; civil service,
501; electoral vote, 503; interstate com-
merce, 504, 509; department of labor, 504;
Chinese exclusion, 504; Sherman act,
508, original package law, 509; Louisiana
lottery, 509; public lands, 509; repeal of
the Sherman act, 512; issue of bonds
(1894), 513; Spanish-American war, 517,
519; Hawaii, 523, 524; Cuba, 524; Porto
Rico, Philippines, 524; attitude toward
manufactures, 604; toward the banking
business, 608 (and see Banks).
Congressional Caucus, 340, 350.
Connecticut, 67, 69, 70-73; the Dutch in,
70; becomes a state, 177; case of Win-
throp vs. Lechmere (1727-28), 257, 258;
rank (1790), 311 (1800), 327.

of,

Cushing, Caleb, 475.
Custer, General, 590.
Cutlery, table, 430.

Conquest, the Spanish, origin (see Co-
lumbus, Christopher); extent

20-24.

Constantinople, 9, 10.
Constitution, the, frigate, 341.
Constitution of the United States, forma-
tion, 283-288; the President, 284, 285, 286;
the courts, 284; the legislature, 283, 284;
slavery, 285; the vice-president, 284, 285;
the Virginia Plan, 286, 287; the New Jer-
sey Plan, 286, 287; compromises, 287:
sources of, 287, 288; ratification, 288, 289
(see amendments).

Constitutions, of the states (1776-1800),
168-201; framers of, 178-184; Bills of
Rights, 186-191; the Legislature, 191-194;
the Executive, 195, 196; the Judiciary,
196-198: Administration, 198, 201; the
Suffrage, 199, 200; general character of
the American, 255-263 (1800-1860), 417-
424 (1860-1900), 482-496; eminent framers
of (1800-1860), 424.

"Continental," the term, 138.
Continental bills, 269-281.
Contraband of War," 459.
Conventions, constitutional (1776-1800),
172-184; Lecompton, 415; Kentucky

(1849), 438; "Restoration," 1865, 468,
469; Reconstruction, 1867-68, 469; Mis-
sissippi (1890), 491-493, 548, 549; South
Carolina (1895), 493: Louisiana (1898),
494, 495.

Conway cabal," 212.

Cooper, James Fenimore, 319, 360, 434.
Cooper, Peter, 362, 479.

Corinth, 451.

Cornwallis, Lord, 207, 208, 216, 217, 218,

219, 220.

Coronado, Francisco de, 23.

Corporations, 422, 490.

Cortès, 18, 21.

Corwin, Thomas, 392.

Cotton, 312, 324.

Cotton duck, 356.

Cotton gin, 312.

Cotton mills, 323, 356.
Cotton prints, 356.

Cotton-yarn, 323.
Council Bluffs, 438.

Coureurs de bois, 112.

Courts, the (see judiciary).

Cowdrey, Robert H., 505.

Cranfill, J. B., 511.

Crawford, William H., 350, 351.

Creeks, the, 3, 23.

Cristobal Colon, the, 520.

Dentistry, 324, 430.

Denton, Daniel,

New York," 152.

"Brief Description of

Departments, executive, 291.
Department of Labor, 501, 504.
Democrats (Jeffersonian), 328, 329; (Jack-
son), 351; nominations (1828), 352; elec-
tion of 1828, 368; national convention
(1832), 370; (1836), 374; convention (1840),
376; convention (1844), 380; convention
(1848), 386; convention (1852), 394; (1856),
399; (1860), 403, 404; (1864), 461; (1868),
472; (1872), 477; (1876), 480; (1880), 499;
(1884), 502; (1888), 505; (1892), 510; (1896),
514, 515 (1900), 525.

Democrats, Straight-Out" (1872), 477,
Detroit, 342.

Dewey, George, Commodore, 519; admiral,
522.

Dickinson, John, 138, 154.

Dingley, Nelson, 515.

Directory, the French, 304, 305, 306.
Discoveries, notable (1752-1776), 143: (1776-
1800), 323, 324; (1800-1830), 356, 357; (1830-
1860), 429, 430.

District of Columbia, in compromise of
1850, 389-394.

Dodge, Mary Mapes, 436.

Donelson, Andrew J., 399.
Dorchester, 62, 63,

Douglas, Stephen'

441.
Dover, 69.

Dow, Neal, 499.

392, 396, 401, 403, 404,

publicans).

Electoral Commission, 480.

Electricity and its applications, 143,583,584.
Eliot, John, Rev., 65, 152.
Elizabethtown, 83.

Elizabeth, Queen, and American coloniza-
tion, 30-32.

Ellmaker, Amos, 370.

Ellsworth, Oliver, 291, 306, 310.
Emancipation proclamation, 458-460.
Embargo, 335, 336.

Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 161, 359, 435, 585.
Endicott, John, 62.
"Endless chain," 512.
English, William H., 500.
Enterprise, frigate, 341.

Episcopal church, in Virginia, 45; in New
York, 52, 53; in Massachusetts, 63, 79;
in New Hampshire, 68; in Maryland, 96;
in the Carolinas, 98; first convention of,
323.

Equal rights party (1884), 502.

Era of Good Feeling," 345.

Eric, the Red, 9.

Ericson, John, 455.

Erie, 114.

Essex, the, 507.

Ether, 428.

Evarts, W. M., 475.

Evans, Captain, 520.
Evacuation Day, 220.
Everett, Edward, 403, 404.
Eutaw Springs, 219.

Executive, the, early state (1776-1800), 195,

196; (1800-1860), 420, 421; (1865-1900), 486,
487.

Exports and imports (1870-1900), 594-597.
Expositions, Philadelphia (1876), 498, 584;
Atlanta (1881), New Orleans (1884), Chi-
cago (1893), Nashville (1896), 591, 592.
Express business, 432.
Exeter, 69.

Fair Oaks, 454.
Fajardo, 522.

Fall River, 356.

F

Farewell address, 303.

Farmer, Moses G., 584.

617

Farmer, the American, 593, 596; 606, 610.
Farmers' grange, or league, 510.

Farragut, David G., Admiral, 461, 463.
Federal convention, origin, 276-282; frames
the constitution of the United States,
283-288.

Federalist, the, 315.

Federalists, the, 295; fall of, 304-310; char-
acteristics of, 320, 321; 328, 329, 332, 340,
345, 350.

Ferryboats, 361.

Field, James G., 511.

Fillmore, Millard, 365, 386, 387, 399; 470.
Fire-brick, 357.

Fire engines, 428.

Fire-grates, 357

Fiske, Clinton B., 505.

Fiske, John, 436, 585.

Fitch, Augustus, letter of, to President
Jackson on nullification, 414, 415.

Fitch, John, 324.

Five Forks, 464.

Five Nations, the, supremacy of, 2, 3;
clans of, 4; and Champlain, 27, 28; and
the French, 28, 29; and the Dutch, 47-50,
54, 55; and the French, 113.

Flannels, 356.

Florida, the, 457.

Florida, 15, 22, 24; contest between French
and Spanish over, 26, 124: Jackson in,
345, 346; purchased, 346, 387, 495.
Foote, A. H., Admiral, 450, 451.
Foote, Mary Hallock, 436.
Foote Resolution, 369.
Force Bill, 371.

Ford's Theatre, 465.

Forts, Orange, 48; Nassau, 47, 48; Le Bœuf,
115; Michault, 115; Duquesne, 116;
Necessity, 116; Washington, 207: Lee,
207; Edward, Ticonderoga, 209; Stan-
wix, 210; Erie, 342; McHenry, 342; Sum-
ter, Moultrie, Castle Pinckney, 440;
Henry, Donelson, 450; Morgan, Gaines,
463: Sumter, 464.

Fra Mauro map, 10, 11.

Framers, of state constitutions, 178-185;
of U.S. Constitution, 283.
Francis I., King, 25.
Franklin (Pa.), 115.

Franklin, Benjamin, in Philadelphia, 87;
opposes the Penns, 89; agent of Pennsyl-
vania, 89; and the University of Pennsyl-
vania, 90: and slavery, 102; and General
Braddock, 118; Thackeray's travesty
of, in the Virginians, 119; opposes the
Stamp Act, 128; examined in parliament,
132; experiment with the kite, 143; Poor
Richard's Almanac and "The Way to
Wealth," 155, 156, 167, 208, 220; as a force
in the revolution, 225, 232, 233, 251; on
paper money, 268, 269; a framer of the
constitution, 283; death, 309; printing
house, 314; autobiography, 315, 316;
notes on Virginia, 315; first American
edition of works, 359; ideas of govern-
ment, 529, 533.
Fredericksburg, 458.
Freeport, Ill., 398.

Free-soil party (liberty party), convention
(1848), 386, 388-404; convention (1852), 395.
Frelinghausen, Theodore, 380.

Gadsden, Christopher, 131.
Gadsden, James, 386.

Gage, Thomas, General, 159-162.
Gaines's Mill, 454.

Gallatin, Albert, 295, 321, 343.
Galloway, Joseph, 154.

Garfield, James A., 435, 499, 500.
Galvanized iron, 357.

Garrison, William L., 396.
Gas, 356.

Gates, Horatio, General, 210, 211.
Gayarré, Charles E. A., 359, 365.
"General Order No. 1," 454.

Genèt, Citizen, 298.

George II. and Georgia, 99; King George's
war, 113.

Georgia, grant of, 99; history of under the
trustees, 100; industries, 100, 101; slavery,
101; the Wesleys, 101; Whitefield, 102; the
charter surrendered, 103; conventions,
176; rank (1790), 311; (1800), 327; (1830),
425: 495.

Gloucester, N. J., tea-party, 136.

Godfrey, Thomas, 153.

Goodrich, S. G., 359.

Goodyear, Charles, 428.

Goldsboro, 464.

Gold, discovery of, in California, 390; its
effect, 391-394, 562.

Gorges, Sír Ferdinando, 56; 68.

Gosnold, Bartholomew, 56.
Graham, William A., 395.

Grand model, the, for the Carolinas, 97.
Grange, farmers', 510.

Granger, Francis, 375.

Grant, Ulysses S., 365; in the civil war, 450,
451, 452, 454, 458, 461, 462, 463, 464, 466, 471;
President, 472-477; renominated, 477; sec-
ond term, 477-481; 499; death, 503; Me-
moirs, 586; character, 588.
Gray, Robert, Captain, 331.

Gray, Elisha, 584.

Great Meadows, 116.
Great Western, the, 432.

Greeley, Horace, 364, 434, 476, 477.
Greenbacks (1873), 478.

Greenback party (1876), 479; (1880), 499;
(1884), 502,

Greene, Nathaniel, 218, 219.
Greenfield, Mass., 430.

Green Mountain Boys, 162, 209.
Guerriere, frigate, 337, 341.
Guiteau, Charles J., 500.
Gunboat policy, 334.
Guns, rifled, 430.
Gutta-percha, 430.

Hale, E. E., 365.

H

Hale, John P., 392, 400.
Halifax, 165, 166.

Halleck, Fitz Greene, 359.

Halleck, Henry W., General, 449, 451.
Hamilton, Alexander, 154; at the Annapo-
lis convention, 281; chosen to federal
convention, 281; Secretary of Treasury,
291, 292-294; 297, 303; a Federalist leader,
292, 295, 297, 300, 307; and the election of
Jefferson, 310; The Federalist," 315;
works, 359; and State sovereignty, 412;
ideas of government, 529.

Hamlin, Hannibal, 392; vice-President, 403.

367, 375, 376, 377, 378.

Harte, Francis Bret, 436, 585.
Harvard, John, 65.

Harvard University, 65; 361.
Harrisburg, 312.

Havana, 124, 518, 519, 520.
Haverill, 110.

Harvey, Sir John, 38.

Hayes, R. B., 365; President, 480-481; 497-

499.

Hayne, Robert Y., 369, 370.

Hawaiian islands, 511, 523, 524.

Hawkins, Sir John, 30.

Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 359, 365, 435.

Hendricks, T. A., 477, 480, 502.

Henrietta Maria, Queen, 92.

Henry VII., King, 12, 15.

Henry, Patrick, first appearance as a law-

yer, 45; famous speech, 46; 129, 130,
141.

Herkimer, Nicholas, General, 210.
Hessians, the, 165, 207, 208.
Hildreth, Richard, 365, 435.

Hobart, Garret A., 435, 514.

Hobkirk's Hill, 219.

Hobson, Richmond P., 520.
Hoe & Co., R., 429.

Holland, J. G., 435..

Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 359, 364, 435,
585.

Holy Alliance, 349, 350.
Homestead law, 404.

Howells, W. D., 436, 585.

Hutchinson, Anne, 66.
Hudson Bay Company,

Hudson, Henry, 47.

380.

Huguenots, 25, 26; in the Carolinas, 98.
Hull, General, 342.

Hurons, the, and Champlain, 5.

Idaho, 508,

Ik Marvel," 365.

I

Illinois, admitted, 348; rank (1860), 425;
rank (1900), 581.

Immigration, 318; foreign (1820), 353, 417;
(1830-1860), 426, 433; (1800-1900), 557, 563,
565, 566, 567, 582.

Impeachment of Andrew Johnson, 471.
Imports and exports (1870-1900), 594-
597.

Indentured servants, 145.
Indiana, 345; rank (1860) 425.
Indianapolis, 427, 479.

Indians, the, so named by Columbus, I;
characteristics, 1; antiquity of, 2, race
divisions, 3; numbers, 3; domestic life,
3, 4; ideas of religion, 5; Indian ideals,
5; relations with the whites, 5, 6; vestiges
of, 7; reservations, 7, 8; and the Dutch.
47-50, 54, 55; in New England, 60, 70;
Pequot war, 72; King Philip's war, 77;
in New Jersey, 84; in French and Indian
war, 105-124: war in the Northwest (1785-
'95), 302; (1800-1900), 559-562, 563, 566, 590.
Indian Territory, 590.

Indigo, culture, introduced, 98.
Individualism, the struggle for, in Amer-
ica, 598, 612.
Ingersoll, Jared, 340.
Inns, 156, 317, 318.
Insurance, 324.

Internal improvements (1800-1830), 354,
355, 361.

Inventions, notable (1752-1776), 143; (1776-
1800), 323, 324; (1800-1830), 356, 357; (1830-
1860), 429, 430.

Interstate Commerce, 504, 509.
lowa, 387; rank (1900), 581.

Iowa, the, 520.

Iredell, James, 413.

Irish, where settled, 582,

Iron, galvanized, 430,

Iroquois race, the, 3.

Irving, Washington, 317, 319, 360.

Irwinsville, Ga., 464.
Isabella, Queen, 12.
Island No 10, 451.

Italians, 582.

Iuka, 451.

J

619

Jackson, Andrew, 320; General, 342; at New
Orleans, 343, 350, 351; Democrats, 351,
366, 367, 368; administration, 369-375;
proclamation (1832), 371; and the bank,
371, 372.

Jackson, Mich., 398.

Jackson, "Stonewall," General, 454.
James I. and Virginia, 32-34; 36, 37, 38.
James II. and New York, 53, 54; and New
England, 78, 79, 80; and New Jersey,
83, 84.

James, Henry, Jr., 436.
Jamestown, Virginia, 34, 36.

Japan, 470.

Java, frigate, 341.

Jay, John, 176, 182, 220, 291; "The Fed-
eralist," 315, 413.

Jay's treaty, 300, 301.
Jeans, 323.

Jefferson, Thomas, 39, 43, 167; and the
Declaration of Independence, 232, 234,
235; Secretary of State, 291, 292, 293, 303;
political leader, 295, 297, 302, 307-309;
Vice-President, 302; President, 310; notes
on Virginia, 315; political teachings, 320-
322, 327, 529,532, 533; administration, 328-
336; character, 328, 329; and the Monroe
doctrine, 349, and State sovereignty, 405-
416.

Jesuits, the, missionaries to the Indi-
ans, 27.

Jewett, Sarah Orne, 436.
Jews, in Maryland, 94.

Johnson, Andrew, 364, 392; vice-president,
460, 461; president, 465-471.
Johnson, Hale, 514.

Johnson, Herschel V., 403, 404.
Johnson, Richard M., 374, 375.
Johnson, Sir William, 113, 121.

Johnston, Albert S., General, 449, 450, 462,
463, 464.

Johnston, Joseph E., General, 449, 452,
453, 454

Join or Die," flag, 116.

Joliet, Louis, 106.

Jones, John Paul, 215, 216.

Joseph, Louis, Marquis de Montcalm, 121-
124.

Judiciary, the early state (1776-1800), 196,
197; national, 290, 291; state (1800-1860),
421, 422; (1865-1900), 487, 488.

K

Kansas, 396-398, 399, 401, 402.
Kansas City, 525.

Kearney, Stephen W., 384.
Kearsarge, the, 457, 507.
Kent, James, 359.

Kentucky, 103; conventions, 177, 214; ad-
mitted into the union, 295; consti-
tutional convention (1849), 438, 439;
Kentucky resolutions, 307-309, 395; appli-
cation, 405, 416; rank (1830-1860), 425.
King Philip, 6; war, 77.
King's Chapel, 79.
King's College, 149.

King, Rufus, 295, 332, 336.

King, William R., 394.

King's Mountain, 218; rank (1790), 311;
(1800), 327.