Rockdale: The Growth of an American Village in the Early Industrial RevolutionA celebrated triumph of historiography, Rockdale tells the story of the Industrial Revolution as it was experienced by the men, women, and children of the cotton-manufacturing town of Rockdale, Pennsylvania. The lives of workers, managers, inventors, owners, and entrepreneurs are brilliantly illuminated by Anthony F. C. Wallace, who also describes the complex technology that governed all of Rockdale?s townspeople. Wallace examines the new relationships between employer and employee as work and workers moved out of the fields into the closed-in world of the spinning mule, the power loom, and the mill office. He brings to light the impassioned battle for the soul of the mill worker, a struggle between the exponents of the Enlightenment and Utopian Socialism, on the one hand, and, on the other, the ultimately triumphant champions of evangelical Christianity. |
Contents
Sweet Quiet Rockdale | 3 |
SLEEPY HOLLOW DAYS | 8 |
THE LORDS OF THE VALLEY | 11 |
The Mills and the Mill Hamlets | 13 |
The Cotton Lords | 16 |
THE SISTERHOOD | 22 |
A Town of Mules and Widows | 33 |
General Facts About the Manufacturing District | 36 |
The Network of InLaws | 225 |
THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE | 227 |
The Founding of the Franklin Institute | 229 |
The Committee on Water Power | 233 |
THINKING ABOUT MACHINERY | 237 |
THE ENLIGHTENMENTS LAST CAMPAIGN | 243 |
THE FREETHINKERS OF CHESTER CREEK | 246 |
John S Phillips the open Infidel | 247 |
General Facts About the Mill Hamlets | 37 |
The Uniqueness of Each Mill Hamlet | 41 |
THE SOCIAL STATIONS | 44 |
The Managerial Class | 45 |
The Level of Poor Professionals Small Farmers Storekeepers and Master Craftsmen | 56 |
The Working Class | 58 |
THE FORMS OF THE FAMILY IN A COTTONMANUFACTURING DISTRICT | 65 |
THE ASSEMBLING OF THE INDUSTRIALISTS | 73 |
THE FIRST ARRIVALS | 74 |
William Martin Jr | 75 |
John S Phillips | 77 |
John P Crozer | 79 |
John D Carter | 84 |
THE FIRST CASUALTIES AND REPLACEMENTS | 86 |
Peter Hill and the Sellers Family | 87 |
Daniel Lammot Jr | 91 |
Samuel and James Riddle | 98 |
THE SMITH FAMILY | 101 |
Clementina and Sophie | 104 |
THE MECHANICAL KNOWLEDGE OF THE INDUSTRIALISTS | 113 |
Books Articles Conversation and Travel | 114 |
Experience in England | 117 |
ENTERING THE COTTON MANUFACTURE IN THE 1820s | 119 |
THE MACHINES PHEIR OPERATIVES AND THE FABRICS | 124 |
THE MILLS AND MILL SEATS | 125 |
The Buildings | 129 |
Gears Shafts Pulleys and Belts | 131 |
THE SPINNING MACHINERY | 134 |
The Picker House | 136 |
The Card Room | 137 |
The Frames for Preparing the Roving | 138 |
The Throstle | 139 |
The Mule | 140 |
Warping Balling Spooling and Dyeing | 143 |
THE WEAVING MACHINERY | 144 |
THE MACHINE SHOPS | 147 |
Working in a Machine Shop in the | 148 |
Machine Shops in the Rockdale District | 150 |
The Garsed Manufactory of Power Looms | 152 |
John Hydes Contract for Making Four Mules | 154 |
Local Assembly of Imported Parts | 155 |
Patent Machinery from Distant Manufacturers | 156 |
COMMERCIAL ASPECTS OF COTTON MANUFACTURING | 158 |
The Quality of the Product | 159 |
Buying and Selling | 160 |
The Shift to Complete Process Factories | 163 |
WORKING IN PARKMOUNT MILL IN 1832 | 164 |
The December 12 1832 Cohort of Workers | 171 |
The Organization of Work in the Factory | 177 |
Physical Working Conditions | 181 |
THE FABRICS OF CHESTER CREEK | 183 |
THE INVENTORS OF THE MACHINES | 186 |
THE MAIN SEQUENCE OF INVENTIONS | 188 |
The SelfActing Mule | 189 |
Improvements in the Throstle | 196 |
Richard Garsed and Improvements in the Power Loom | 198 |
THE LESSER INVENTORS OF CHESTER CREEK | 200 |
John S Phillips and His Filter for Turbid Liquors | 201 |
The Riddles and Their Sizing Trough | 203 |
The Duttons and the New Planet | 204 |
Thomas Odiorne Henry Moore and Their Old Sable Works | 207 |
Nathan Sellers and the Making of Card Teeth | 210 |
THE INTERNATIONAL FRATERNITY OF MECHANICIANS | 211 |
The Philadelphia Mechanicians | 214 |
The Network Outside Philadelphia | 217 |
The Size of the Fraternity | 219 |
THE SELLERS FAMILY | 220 |
Minshall and Jacob Painter and the Delaware County Institute of Science | 250 |
The Workers | 254 |
The Hecklers | 256 |
The Pennsylvania Constitution 01776 | 257 |
Jeffersonian Republicans Freethinkers and New Lights | 259 |
French Educators in the Enlightenment Tradition | 263 |
The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia | 270 |
The Associationists in Philadelphia and Wilmington | 273 |
PREACHING THE NEW MORAL WORLD | 275 |
Lafayette and Fanny Wright | 276 |
The Advance on New Harmony | 277 |
The Valley Forge Commune | 284 |
Craft Unions and the Workingmen s Party | 289 |
THE THEORY OF COMMUNAL INDUSTRIALISM | 293 |
THE EVANGELICAL COUNTERATTACK | 296 |
CALVARY CHURCH IN ROCKDALE | 298 |
The Congregation | 303 |
The Message from Calvary | 306 |
Evangelical Womanhood | 312 |
THE BENEVOLENT WORK OF OTHER MANUFACTURERS | 318 |
James Riddle and the Methodists | 322 |
The Society of Friends | 323 |
Daniel Lammot the New Church and Fourierism | 324 |
MORAL ORDER IN THE MILLS | 326 |
Work Rules in Cotton Factories | 327 |
Creating an Ethical System for the Workers | 332 |
THE RISE OF POLITICAL ANTIMASONRY | 337 |
John Speakman and the Pittsburgh Society of Deists | 338 |
Anne Royall and the blueskinned Presbyterians | 339 |
Edward Darlington and the AntiMasonic Party | 341 |
The Odiornes and the Meaning of AntiMasonry | 342 |
DEFEATING THE INFIDELS ON CHESTER CREEK | 347 |
THE EMERGENCE OF CHRISTIAN INDUSTRIALISM | 350 |
THE RECESSION OF 1834 TO 1842 | 351 |
THE STRIKES OF 1836 AND 1842 | 355 |
The Strike in 1836 | 356 |
The Strike in 1842 | 359 |
The Meaning of the Strikes | 365 |
THE GREAT FLOOD | 374 |
THE REDEFINITION OF THE COTTON MILL OPERATIVE | 380 |
The Depoliticizing of Labor | 383 |
Management Skills as the Pathway to Success | 386 |
THE TEN HOURS LAW | 388 |
THE THEORY OF CHRISTIAN CAPITALISM | 394 |
MARCHING TO MILLENNIUM | 401 |
THE ECONOMIC TAKEOFF | 402 |
The Rise of Workingmen to Wealth in the Rockdale District | 408 |
THE POLITICS OF THE MANUFACTURING INTEREST | 412 |
The Second Bank of the United States and the Delaware County Memorial | 418 |
Tariff Free Soil and Slavery | 422 |
The ManufacturerPoliticians | 424 |
MISSIONS AND THE MILLENNIAL PASSION | 430 |
Missionary Zeal | 435 |
The Millennial Transformation | 446 |
ARMAGEDDON | 455 |
Signs and Portents | 456 |
Rockdale in the Civil War | 459 |
Hatties Boys | 467 |
ENVOI | 472 |
Paradigmatic Processes in Culture Change | 477 |
ABBREVIATIONS | 487 |
Bibliography | 515 |
NEWSPAPERS AND JOURNALS | 517 |
PUBLISHED WRITINGS BY ROCKDALERS AND OTHER NINETEENTHCENTURY OBSERVERS | 518 |
SCHOLARLY AND TECHNICAL BOOKS AND ARTICLES | 524 |
535 | |
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Common terms and phrases
American Anti-Masonic Ashmead Aston Township Baptist bobbin Brandywine brother Calvary Church Chester Creek Christian Clementina Coleman Sellers congregation cotton manufacturer cotton mill Crozer Crozerville Daniel Lammot Darlington DCHS Delaware County early economic Edward Darlington EMHL England evangelical Fanny Wright father Franklin Institute Garsed George Escol hamlets household improvements industrial infidel inventions James John Knowlton labor later Lenni lived machine machinery Maclure manager married Martin mechanical mechanicians merchants Middletown townships mill seat moral moved mule spinners operatives organization Owen paradigm paradigmatic Parkmount patent Penn's Grove Pennsylvania persons Peter Hill Philadelphia Phillips political Pont power looms records religious Revolution Robert Rockdale district Samuel Riddle Sellers Smith social Society Sophie spindles spinning Sunday School tariff tenements throstle tion Township Upland Union warp weaver weaving West Branch wife William William Maclure women workers yarn young