SECTION VI.

1st Clause. The senators and representatives shall receive a compensation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and

paid out of the treasury of the United States. They Compensation shall in all cases, except treason, felony, and breach of and privileges of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their at- members. tendance at the session of their respective houses, and

in going to and returning from the same; and for any speech or debate in either house they shall not be questioned in any other place.

2d Clause. No senator or representative shall, during the time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office

under the authority of the United States, which shall Plurality of offices have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall prohibited. have been increased during such time; and no person

holding any office under the United States, shall be a member of either house during his continuance in office.

SECTION VII.

1st Clause.—All bills for raising revenue shall origin

inated.

ate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate Bills, how orig. may propose or concur with amendments as on other bills.

2d Clause. Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it becomes a law,

be presented to the President of the United States. If How bills become he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return laws. it, with his objections, to that house in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration, two-thirds of that house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two-thirds of that house, it shall become a law. But in all such cases the votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays; and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their adjournment prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law.

Approval and veto powers of the President.

3d Clause.-Every order, resolution, or vote to which the concurrence of the Senate and House of Represenatives may be necessary (except on a question of adjournment) shall be presented to the President of the United States; and before the same shall take effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two-thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill.

SECTION VIII.

1st Clause.-The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises, to pay the debts and proPowers vested in vide for the common defense and general welfare of Congress. the United States; but all duties, imposts and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States;

2d Clause.-To borrow money on the credit of the United States; 3d Clause. To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes;

4th Clause. To establish an uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States;

5th Clause. To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures;

6th Clause. To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States;

7th Clause. To establish post-offices and post-roads;

8th Clause. To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times, to authors and inventors, the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries;

9th Clause. To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court;

10th Clause.-To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offenses against the law of nations;

11th Clause. To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water;

12th Clause. To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years;

13th Clause. To provide and maintain a navy;

14th Clause. To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces;

15th Clause. To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions;

16th Clause. To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the states respectively the ap

pointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress;

17th Clause. To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular states, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of government of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by consent of the legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock-yards, and all other needful buildings; and,

18th Clause. To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof.

SECTION IX.

1st Clause. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the states now existing shall think proper to admit, shall

not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the year one Immigrants, how thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty

may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding

ten dollars for each person.

admitted.

Habeas Corpus.

2d Clause. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it.

3d Clause. No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed.

4th Clause. No capitation, or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion to the census or enumeration herein before directed to be taken.

Attainder.

Taxes.

5th Clause.-No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any

state.

6th Clause.-No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or revenue to the ports of one state over those

of another; nor shall vessels bound to, or from, one Regulations restate, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in an- garding duties. other.

7th Clause.-No money shall be drawn from the treasury, but in consequence of appropriations made by law; and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published from time to time.

Money, how drawn.

8th Clause. No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States; and no person holding any office of profit or trust under them shall, without the consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title, of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign

Titles of nobility prohibited.

state.

Powers of states defined.

SECTION X.

1st Clause.—No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation; grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payments of debt; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility.

2d Clause.-No state shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any impost or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection laws; and the net produce of all duties and imposts, laid by any state on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the treasury of the United States; and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of the Congress.

3d Clause.-No state shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty of tonnage, keep troops or ships-of-war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another state, or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay.

ARTICLE II.

SECTION I.

1st Clause. The executive power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his office Executive power, during the term of four years, and, together with the in whom vested. Vice-President, chosen for the same term, be elected

Presidential electors.

as follows:

2d Clause.-Each state shall appoint, in such manner as the legislature thereof may direct, a number of electors, equal to the whole number of senators and representatives to which the state may be entitled in the Congress; but no senator or representative, or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States, shall be appointed an elector. 3d Clause.-The Congress may determine the time of choosing the elec tors, and the day on which they shall give their votes; Time of choosing which day shall be the same throughout the United electors.

States.

4th Clause. No person except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United States at the time of the adoption of this con

stitution, shall be eligible to the office of President; Qualifications of neither shall any person be eligible to that office who the President. shall not have attained to the age of thirty-five years,

and been fourteen years resident within the United States.

Resort in case of

his disability.

5th Clause. In the case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the same shall devolve on the Vice-President, and the Congress may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inability, both of the President and Vice-President, declaring what officer shall then act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly, until the disability be removed, or a President shall be elected.

Salary of the
President.

6th Clause.-The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services, a compensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that period any other emolument from the United States, or any of them.

7th Clause. Before he enter on the execution of his office, he shall take the following oath or affirmation: "I do solemnly

swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the of- Oath of office. fice of President of the United States, and will, to the

best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States."

SECTION II.

Duties of the
President.

1st Clause. The President shall be commander-in-chief of the army and navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several states, when called into the actual service of the United States; he may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices, and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the United States, except in cases of impeachment.

2d Clause. He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the senators present concur; and he shall nominate, His power to make and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States, whose appointments are

treaties, appoint ambassadors, judges, etc.