Indians as well as they could, though they had one man killed in the conflict.

The name of this man was John Coleman. He was killed by an arrow, which entered his throat.

There were only five men in the boat, including Coleman. The number of Indians in the canoes was nearly thirty. The white men, however, succeeded in driving the Indians away, notwithstanding the disparity of numbers. It was now, however, so dark and rainy that nothing could be seen, and the boatmen had no means of knowing which way to go to find the ship. They accordingly spent the night in beating about the bay, keeping the dead body of their comrade in the boat. The morning brought the ship into view, and they soon reached her and were received again on board. The body of Coleman was buried afterward at a point of land on Sandy Hook, which consequently received the name of Coleman's point.

Captain Hudson immediately after this brought up the boat which was used on these excursions, and hoisted it on board the ship, and then set the carpenters at work to build up the sides of it higher, so that they might on future occasions afford some shelter to the men. While this work was going on quite a large company of Indians came on board, and Captain Hudson watched them

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to see if they showed any signs, while looking at the alterations which the carpenters were making in the boat, of being aware of the attack which had been made upon it, and of the death of Coleman. But they appeared so innocent and unconcerned that he concluded that they did not know anything about the affair.

He accordingly did not molest them, but after trading with them as usual he allowed them to go away in peace. He, however, soon afterward detained two of the natives who came on board, and while they remained prisoners he dressed them in red coats, like the English soldiers. These prisoners continued on board the ship a few days, but then, watching their opportunity, they leaped overboard and swam ashore.

ASCENT OF THE RIVER.

On the 12th of September Captain Hudson commenced his ascent of the river, and he went on until the 22d, advancing a few miles each day and making careful observations as he proceeded. It was necessary, of course, to move very cautiously, the channel being entirely unknown. His method was to send a boat forward eight or ten miles at a time to take soundings, and by this means to find the course of the channel. On the return of the

boat, if the report was favorable and the wind was fair, the vessel advanced, following the track thus marked out. In this manner the ship went gradually on till it passed Tappaan Bay and the Highlands, and had ascended to some considerable distance beyond. At length Captain Hudson arrived at a point of the river so high that the boat, in returning from its reconnoisance, reported that it was not safe to proceed any further. Captain Hudson then turned his course again down the The boat went up twenty or thirty miles above the highest point reached by the ship.

stream.

INTERCOURSE WITH THE INDIANS.

Captain Hudson found the banks of the river occupied by Indian settlements all the way, and he had a great deal of intercourse with the natives both in going and returning. They came out to visit the ship very often in their canoes, and sometimes the numbers that came was so great that it was thought not prudent to admit them on board. In fact, Captain Hudson deemed it necessary to be continually on his guard against any act of treachery or surprise, or other hostile movements which they might attempt; for, although they professed great friendship, and brought many articles to the ship to exchange for what the white men could

give them, it was perfectly well understood that their friendship could not be relied upon for a moment if they should once find that the intruders, as they must, of course, have considered them, were in their power.

AN INDIAN PUT TO THE TEST.

On one occasion the company on board the ship resorted to an artifice that is often employed in highly civilized life for the purpose of discovering secrets, with a view to ascertain whether a certain party of Indians were covertly entertaining any hostile intentions against them, and that was by making one of the principal chiefs tipsy. They selected one who, from his appearance, they judged would probably be communicative when under the excitement of intoxicating drink, and they plied him and his companions so freely with wine and brandy-paying special attention to him in their offerings that in the end he himself, and also some of the rest, became completely intoxicated. The company endeavored, by every means in their power, to draw from the tipsy man some revelation of the designs of his party, and continued their efforts, though without any result, as long as any intelligence remained in him. At length their poor victim sank into a state of complete insen

sibility, and remained in that condition many hours, greatly to the amazement and concern of his friends.

MODESTY OF THE WOMEN.

In several instances during this voyage the chiefs brought their wives with them to see the ships. Captain Hudson and his men were much struck with the modesty and propriety of demeanor which these female visitors observed while in the presence of the strangers. They sat quietly and decently, he said, and were in all respects as modest and gentle in their manners as any of the most high-bred ladies in England would have been in paying a visit to a foreign vessel in an English harbor.

APPROACH TO THE HIGHLANDS IN DESCENDING THE RIVER.

The attention of Captain Hudson was strongly attracted to the appearance of the Highlands as he approached them in coming down the river. He notes the smooth and beautiful appearance of the country above the line where the mountains commence, and the suddeness of the change which here takes place in the whole character of the scenery, the narrow, tortuous and dangerous channel, bordered by lofty mountains rising from the very