taking horses as far as the Cone, past Bosco Reale and Tre Case, among fields of ashes and lava, and through a small wood; after which there is nothing but ashes, into which the horses plunge knee-deep. Miss Catlow says:-"The scene was the wildest that could be imagined, and the most singular. Around us, for miles, were nothing but ashes-above, below; to the right hand and to the left, all was black, bare, and desolate; extensive enough to be grand in its desolation, and only relieved by old lava streams, of a reddish or iron-grey colour, and sometimes bright yellow, marking the presence of sulphur. When we looked up there also were ashes, extending for miles, crowned at the summit by the smoke and vapour, which every five minutes increased in thickness, then threw out a fresh volley to add to the heap."

"The first twenty steps were amply sufficient to convince us that it would be totally impossible to climb that nearly perpendicular ascent of loose ashes without help, for we sank above our ankles at every step, and slipped one-and-a-half back for each two steps we made forward, so we each engaged two men to help us. The first thing they did was to gather up our dresses in the front and tie them together with a handkerchief (making a loop of the two ends and putting it round one of our wrists), to prevent our treading on them. Then they placed in our hands a piece of stick, to the middle of which a rope was attached, which one man put over his shoulder and thus pulled us up; while the other pushed, or rather supported us behind. Even with this assistance, it proved the hardest work we had ever attempted, particularly as it became steeper and more steep. Indeed, only the loose ashes could make the ascent practicable; yet, of course, they added greatly to the fatigue, as at each step we sank into them a considerable depth. Every twenty or thirty steps we threw ourselves down on the ground to gasp for breath. Sometimes, with the mere inability to hold on, we let go the rope, and either threw our leader on his nose, as he stooped forward in pulling, or ran the risk of rolling down the declivity with our follower behind. Their strength, however, held us up; after a minute's rest came another effort and another fall. Several times we were on the point of giving it up, for the loss of breath and excessive thirst were almost too painful; but it really looked so short a distance that it seemed a pity to fail at last; and our men encouraged us, 'Coraggio, Signora!'-assuring us every minute we stopped that 'cinque minuti' would take us to the summit. After nearly half-an-hour of cinque minuti,' we arrived at the lava-the very lava we had seen flowing red-hot ten days before; and, then, one more steep pull, with smoke and steam above, below, and around, placed us panting on the edge of the crater."

This Crater is not a shelving basin, but an irregular gulf of lava, from which issue jets of vapour and smoke; and which is too hot, sometimes, to sit on or touch. In the midst are some funnel-shaped cones, about 100 feet high, the : safety-valves of the volcano giving out their con

tents alternately, consisting of smoke, explosions of scoriæ, or ashes. The rough plain, covered with blocks of lava, and heaps of cinders, which stood at the top of Vesuvius before the eruption of October, 1822, was then succeeded by the present large oval gulf, which is 3 miles in circuit, about mile across, and 1,800 or 2,000 feet deep. This eruption cleared away 800 feet from the old cone, and brought down the height of the mountain by that amount.

"Twice we saw a singular appearance-that of a ring of vapour rising from the cone, and floating off to a considerable distance, preserving its perfect ring-like form for full half a minute after its emission." This is explained by Babbage, in his Passages from the Life of a Philosopher, in which he gives a minute account of one of the lava pits. Ladies descend the steep sides of the Cone between the guides. Among later distinguished visitors were the Prince and Princess of Prussia, and the Prince of Wales, in November, 1862.

One of the earliest notices of Vesuvius states that the top was a rough concave, in which Spartacus, in the Servile War, was besieged by the Romans. In A.D. 63, an earthquake damaged Pompeii and other places round the mountain; and in A.D. 79, one of the greatest Eruptions on record took place, which overwhelmed Pompeii, Herculaneum, and Stabiæ with cinders, and occasioned the death of Pliny the Elder, author of the "Natural History," as related by his nephew, the younger Pliny, who narrowly escaped with his life. His uncle was in command of the Roman fleet at Misenum, but being an ardent note-taker of everything uncommon or curious, and also a stout man, he went too near the mountain, at Stabiæ, and was suffocated by the fumes. His body was found three days after, unhurt, like one asleep. Herculaneum was re-discovered in 1713, and Pompeii about forty years later.

Eruptions, chiefly of ashes, succeeded this remarkable one, in 203, 472, 512, 685, 593, 1036, 1049, 1139, 1306, 1500, 1631, 1660, 1682, 1694, and 1698. Those of the last century were 1701, 1707, 1712, 1717, 1720, 1728, 1730, 1737, 1751, 1754, 1758, 1760, 1766, 1767, 1770, 1776, 1779, 1784, 1786, 1787, and 1793. Of the present century, 1804, 1805, 1809, 1812, 1813, 1817, 1820, 1822, 1828, 1831, 1834, 1838, 1845, 1850, 1854, 1855, and 1861 (December 8th). The most recent were those of February, 1865, when snow covered the mountain, and a cone many feet high was formed at the foot of the crater of 1861; and of 1872, which overwhelmed Massa and S. Sebastiano, and destroyed sixty lives. This one broke out 25th April, near Professor Palmieri's Observatory on Hermitage Hill, 2,080 feet high; the lava pouring down to Torre del Greco, Resina, &c. The flames rose a mile high, and ashes and stones were carried 10 and 20 miles. The later ones have been generally attended with eruptions of lava; in particular those of 1767, 1779, 1787, 1794, 1806, 1818, &c. It is observed that Etna is active when Vesuvius is quiet, as in 1755, at the earthquake of Lisbon. The earthquake of Calabria took place in 1783, and of South Italy in 1857. In

the great eruption of 1779, the flame was reckoned by Sir W. Hamilton to be 2 miles high. Stones as big as hogsheads have been sent up from Vesuvius as high as 2,000 feet, and fine ashes carried as far as Constantinople. Among the minerals thrown up (of which a full collection is in the Museum at Naples) are augite. felspar, leucite, mica, iron, meionite, and crystalline limestone.

RAILWAY ROUND THE BAY.

[The distances are given on page 248.] Portici (Stat.), the first from Naples, is a town of 9,828 population, so called, it is said, from Herculis Porticum; with many villas, and a royal Palace, built 1736, by Charles III., where the antiquities from the buried cities were placed at first, before their transfer to Naples. There are some portraits of the Napoleon family in the palace. Pius IX. resided here, 1848-50, before his return to Rome. At Sant' Orio is the silk factory of Mr. Major, who so benevolently exerted himself in the Basilicata in the earthquake of 1856.

Resina, the ancient Retina, has a population of 12,000, and many villas. That of La Favorita, the residence of the Prince of Salerno, was built 1631. Resina is one of the starting points for Vesuvius (as above), and stands over the buried Roman city of ERCOLANO, or

*Herculaneum, one of those overwhelmed A.D. 79, by ashes; and by subsequent streams of lava. It lies from 60 to 70 feet below the surface, and was accidentally discovered again in 1713, when some well-sinkers struck on a statue in the Theatre, almost the only part now to be seen; it is shown by torch-light (2fr.) A space of 600 yards long by 300 broad was gradually explored; but the soil being a grey crumbling stone, as soon as one section was gone through it was filled with the rubbish of the next. Many of the treasures thus accumulated were engraved in a splendid work printed by the King of Naples, 1757. They are, generally, of a better style of art than those found at Pompeii. The Theatre would hold about 8,000 persons, and was built, according to the inscription, at the cost of "L. A. Mammianus Rufus, judge and censor;" one Numisius being the architect.

A Basilica was also found, with a portico of forty-two columns; faced by the two statues of the Balbus family, now in the Museum. In another house were found the Dancing Faun, the Aristides, &c., with a library of black papyrus rolls, like crumbling charcoal; some of which have been unrolled and deciphered, as already mentioned (page 243).

Torre del Greco (Stat.) Population, 21,588. Coral-work is made. Built on lava beds; and half ruined by the earthquake and eruption of December, 1861, when the lava broke out from eleven new places on this side of Vesuvius. One stream which burst out in May, 1858, only ceased in April,

1861.

Torre Annunziata (Stat.) Population, 20,060. It has a government factory for fire-arms and powder, and is noted for producing the best macaroni, or "Macaroni della Costa,"

Here the branch to Castellammare (see below) parts off; the main line continues to Pompeii (Stat.), close to the ancient CITY OF POMPEII,

on the south side, near the Hotel Diomede; but the proper entrance is at the House of Diomedes, on the north-west. Authorised guides may be hired; but some of the buildings are under special charge.

Pompeii is on the plain of the Sarno, ancient Sarnus, at the bottom of Vesuvius, which overwhelmed it early on an autumn morning, 24th August, A.D. 79, under successive layers of dust and ashes. This, or some other great eruption appears to have turned the course of the river, and placed the city 2 miles from the sea, which was then close by it The fine ashes (not lava), falling gently, penetrated the houses through their open tops, or after bursting in their roofs, and gradually buried the whole city, to a depth of 12 to 20 feet, without destroying it; and thus it remained for ages, till its discovery in 1755, when the excavations commenced, which have been carried on ever since with great success. The buildings, though roofless and dismantled, are in good preservation, and from them, as they stand, and their contents (now placed in the Museum), we can see how the Romans of eighteen centuries ago lived, as easily as if we had lived among them, even to the scribbling on the walls. The additions made since 1871 comprise several human remains, a dog, statues of Aphrodite and a Faun, wall paintings of Orpheus, and fragments of a woollen factory. In 1879, at the 1800th anniversary, a Bird-shop was discovered in Strada di Nola, in the 9th region. It is estimated that 500 to 600 persons were smothered in the eruption; an infant was discovered in 1882.

All

Pompeii had six gates and twelve towers in its walls, which were about 2 miles in circuit, and 25 to 30 feet high, sloping on both sides, and wide enough for two or three carriages. Remains of two gates are left. About twenty streets and one-fourth of the space within the walls (northwest side) have been uncovered in this miniature city, which was evidently a summer resort. the buildings are on a small scale and of low elevation, so that you see nothing till you get there. The private houses were small dark rooms, 10 to 12 feet square, as the people lived much out of doors and in their public buildings. The shops are usually one storey high. Some of the private houses are of two stories, as that of Diomedes, &c., with rooms opening into an interior court, many of the wall-paintings of which are still fresh. They have no chimneys (though coal has been found), and no windows. The streets are narrow, but laid, like the Via Appia, with blocks of lava, showing the ruts of wheels (one line only), and provided with stepping-stones, and raised pavements for foot passengers, edged by well-worn kerbs. The houses are tiled and the shops have their names marked in red. The shops have signs carved on the face; for example, a bunch of grapes

for a vintner; a cow for a milk-man. Others, as the wine and oil shops, are known by the amphoræ or jars standing in front. They were unglazed, and closed up at night with shutters.

The large houses belonging to the wealthier classes extend through from street to street, with a front in each. The entrance or portico led into the outer court, thence into an inner or two inner courts; the whole surrounded by rooms, all very small, and evidently used only as closets, for meals, retirement, and sleep. These were closed in; but the courts were open to the air, though sheltered by an awning. Glass was used in some of the windows. There were seats and sofas round the courts, which had mosaic floors and contained tanks and fountains for use and ornament, vases of flowers, statuary, and marble tables. The walls and columns were oftener of stucco than marble; and the walls were adorned with frescoes, of which 840 have been found, as bright now as they were 1,800 years ago. Most of them are in the Museum at Naples.

Many of the houses have holes in them, supposed to have been made by the owners, upon returning to get out the strong box or some valuable article, after digging through the pumice and hot ashes which overwhelmed the town. Dean Burgon says"No single object in all Pompeii affected my imagination so powerfully as discovering scratched on the base of a column in one of the courts, about 3 feet from the ground, the first letters of the Greek alphabet, A, B, г, A; evidently the work of a child whose little footsteps trod that floor eighteen centuries ago." The streets brought to light are called by various names, as the Street of Fortune, Street of Mercury, Street of the Nereids, Street of Abundance, Street of the Faun, in which the fresco of the Battle of 1ssus was found, and the like. The Street of the Tombs, by which the town was entered from Herculaneum, is outside the walls, and is lined by many beautiful monuments, according to the ancient custom. Here is the Villa or House of M. A. Diomedes (opened 177174), where seventeen Skeletons of women and children were found in cellars, casts of some of which are in the Museum. Here also was the mosaic of a skeleton with a wine flask in each hand. The master of the house was found in the garden, loaded with money and valuables. Near this is a Taberna or Tavern; then the Tomb of Nævoleia Tyche, Calventius Quietus (1813), Aricius Scaurus, and others. Then a hemicycle, or semicircular resting-place, where skeletons of a mother and her children were found. Further on is the Villa of Cicero (1764), so called; Tomb of the Priestess Mammia, "mammia sacerdotessa, In 1881, Mr. R. Forbes discovered a house where the arches spring direct from the capitals of the columns, and built before A.D. 63, the date to which this style is usually referred.

" &c.

The Herculaneum Gate, which was of three brick arches, leads to the Street of Herculaneum. Here are the Taberna of Albinus (1770); a Thermopolium (1769) or Restaurant, where marks of glasses were found on the marble counter; the

House of the Vestals (1769), with "Salve" on the door; -House of the Surgeon where instruments and slabs were found; the House of Apollo or Narcissus (1811); a Public Bakery (1810) contain-ing four mills.

The House of C. Sallust (1809), one of the largest here, on a space 120 feet square.

House of Pansa, the Edile (1811-14) in the street of the Baths, another large house, in good preservation, with "Pansam Ed.," and remains of paintings on the walls. It is 300 feet by 120 feet, fitted up with an atrium, impluvium, tablinum, triclinium, peristyle, &c., as seen in the restored model of it, in the Crystal Palace. Here Christian symbols accompanied by caricatures have been discovered.

House of the Tragic Poet (1824-26) with a "Cave Canem" in mosaic. Here some of the best paintings, as the Sacrifice of Iphigenia, Achilles, and Briseis, &c., were found.

Fullonica or Dye House (1826).

House of Meleager (1830), in the Street of Mercury.

House of the Nereids (1830), with a colonnade of twenty-four pillars. House of the Quæstor, or Castor and Pollux (1829-30). Here two bronze money chests were found containing fifty coins; with some others which looked as if they were dug out after the eruption.

Tavern and Lupanar (1832) or brothel.

House of the Faun (1829-34), in the Street of the Faun. House of the Labyrinth (1830). House of the Bear (1865) near the Bakers' Street.

Great Lupanar (1845), uncovered by the Italian Congress of that year.

Near this, in the Street of Fortune, is another building opened by the same Congress, called House degli Scienzati. House of the Bronze Bull, in the Street of Nola, towards the Nola Gate. Here was an Oscan inscription, written from right to left.

House of Lucretius (1847), or Suonatrici (musician). Near this, are the House of Pope Pius IX., so called because opened (1849), before him; the House of the Grand Duke of Tuscany (1851); the House of the Grand Dukes of Russia (1851); and a Chemist's Shop.

Public Baths (1824), near the Forum, for men and women, with painted walls, niches for oil and perfumes. These were almost new, when covered with the ashes. Near these is the School of the Gladiators-so called from the paintings. Also the House of Iphigenia, close to the recent excavations.

Forum, an oblong, about 360 feet by 120, surrounded by remains of public buildings, temples, arches, pedestals for statues, &c., and the pillars of a Doric colonnade, on a small scale, the height being only 12 feet.

Temple of Jupiter (1817) north of the Forum, 120 feet by 43 feet, with Corinthian columns; having a fine view over the ancient city, and of the sea. In the prisons, near this, two skeletons were found in iron stocks.

Temple of Venus (1817), west of the Forum, sur

Exchange (1821), east of the Forum, built for the fullers, by Eumachia, 130 feet by 65 feet, surrounded by a double gallery and portico. Near his are the House of the Queen of England, opened (1838) before Queen Adelaide; and the Temple of Mercury or Quirinus (1818).

Pantheon, or Temple of Augustus (1818), east of the Forum, an open space, having an altar in the midst, surrounded by twelve pedestals, cells for the priests, and an ædicula coloured with good fresh-looking frescoes.

Two Theatres, large and small, open at the top. The larger a Tragic Theatre (1764), would hold about 5,000; the smaller (1796), about 1,500.

Temple of Hercules or Neptune (1769), made of large massive stones, and reckoned to be the oldest building in Pompeii. It commands a fine view.

Temple of Iris (1765). Here a skeleton of a priest was found, with his valuables about him; also remains of chicken bones and fish bones, egg shells.

Soldiers' Barracks, in which sixty skeletons, and stocks for punishment were found. Officers and men were quartered here. Boxing figures were found scratched on the walls. These are near the Triangular Forum, the House of Joseph II.; the House of Queen Caroline (wife of Murat); House of the Sculptor (1798).

Amphitheatre (1748-1816), at the east extremity of the town, beyond a space still uncleared; an oval 430 feet by $35 feet, and comparatively small; but the lower part, where the ashes protected it, is almost perfect.

Near the Amphitheatre is the Villa of Julia Felix (1754-5), once the owner of much property in Pompeii.

Several houses have their walls ornamented with arabesques and landscapes, and figures roughly sketched. Hundreds of lizards are seen gliding about the ruins. Among the inscriptions are some from Virgil, Ovid, and Propertius, but none from Horace; nor have any papyri been yet discovered here, as at Herculaneum. In September, 1863, the remains of four Skeletons were discovered in a small street, under a heap of rubbish and lava, which had moulded itself over them. By pouring in liquid plaster, the Director, Cavaliere Fiorelli, managed to preserve the bodies in the attitudes and dresses in which they were surprised by the eruption. They are in the Pompeii Museum, where they form one of the most striking sights of the collection. (See a description of them, page 242). Castellammare (Stat.) Hotels: Quisi-Sana, opposite the Palace, in view of Vesuvius, &c.; Stubia, on the sea, with a fine view; Reale

In a spot on the south side of the bay, between it and the slope of the S. Angelo range, called Monte d'Auro. Population, 22,210. The patron is a St. Castello, whose feast is held on 19th January. It commands an excellent view of Vesuvius and the bay, especially from the Royal Palace of QuisiSana (i.e., Here is health), a plain building up the hills, surrounded by gardens. There is a walk from it to the pyramid on Monte Coppolo or Copporica, and to the highest point of the S. Angelo called Tre Pizzi. The Monte Pozzano Convent was founded by Gonsalvo da Cordova, in the sixteenth century, on the site of a Temple of Diana.

Castellammare has a royal dockyard and arsenal, with some mineral springs. It stands on the site of *Stabiæ, which was ruined by Sylla, and destroyed A.D. 79, with Pompeii and Herculaneum.

The sea retired from it during the eruption and from the coast, leaving a place for the modern town, which grew out of a castle founded by the Emperor Frederick II. Charles of Anjou walled it round. It was while making for Stabiæ that the elder Pliny met with his death. Several relics found here are in the Museum.

The great earthquake of December, 1857, was felt all over the south of Italy. Its effects at Castellammare, on night of 10th December, are described by Miss Catlow, who was a resident at the time.

"We retired early, but after a short time were disturbed with a slight cracking noise, which, as we attributed it at first to the wood-fire in the adjoining room, did not excite any alarm. As it increased, however, our attention was aroused, and as we listened, the same noise began in our room, accompanied by an indescribable grating and rustling, as though the walls had suddenly been endowed with life. We started up with a vague feeling that something terrible was about to happen; and then the whole house began to move and we knew it was an earthquake! Almost before the motion ceased (and it lasted only a few seconds), the large square before the hotel was filled with people, screaming and calling out, 'Il terremoto! Il terremoto ! While getting a light the awful and mysterious sounds returned far more violently. All the walls and beams seemed to be rubbing against each other, and cracking as though they would split from top to bottom. Two minutes after the oscilations began again, and with much greater violence. We stood in the middle of the room holding by the chairs and each other; the floor appearing to heave under our feet, and the walls swaying backwards and forwards. This was terrible moment; and not the least fearful part was the shrieking of the poor people, the loud screams of the children, and the ringing of the church bells caused by the vibration. We felt as if one more shake must bring this large, square, solid house down."

a

Three shocks usually succeed each other; and the safest place is under the doorways, for, though beams and ceilings give way, the walls generally stand. In this case where the walls were 5 feet

thick, there was a deep recess at the door. Next day, "Vesuvius looked very grand and ominous, with its enormous column of smoke rising high in the air, and then taking the shape of a pine tree, which, when the evening sun touched it with gold and crimson, was one of the grandest things we had seen." In the evening there was a shock sufficient to move the water in the slop-basin, and set the chandelier swinging. In fact, until the end of the month, the "earth trembled many times a day, with a motion like that of a lid of a boiling kettle. On the last day of that month there was a smart shock, and then we felt no

more.

About 3 miles east is LETTERE, in a fine situation, under Monte Cereto, and about one mile short of it is

GRAGNANO (population, 11,376), a place famous for its macaroni, and yielding excellent wine.

"We found it a most amusing sight. On entering the room we saw three men seated on a long pole, with bare limbs, wearing only shirt and drawers. They were dancing up and down in order to work the other end of the lever, which being attached over a board on which the paste was placed, kneaded it by a constant succession of blows and chops. Each time they raised the body, they sprang forward, till, having described a quarter of a circle, they suddenly jerked the pole back again, and began this most extraordinary dance once more. Two men were mixing a quantity of flour made of Sicilian corn with water to form the dough. Another set were running backwards and forwards with a long lever turning a screw, by which the paste was forced through holes in an iron plate. This plate was taken out to show us. Below it, in a hole, sat a boy with a fan in his hand, cooling the macaroni pipes as they came through, breaking them off at a certain length, and handing them to another to hang them on the drying line."—(Miss Catlow). This clumsy machinery might easily be improved, but the people set their faces against any change.

From Gragnano a winding road up the hills leads past Belvedere, Franche, and Pimonte. Thence round the Tre Pizzi, and over the mountains to AMALFI, on the Gulf of Salerno. below.)

(See

The road to Sorrento, along the bay, is a most picturesque route, something like the Riviera from Nice to Genoa, with the sea on one side, and hills and cliffs on the other. It is a charming labyrinth of orange and lemon gardens, olive groves, narrow lanes, villas, &c., intersected by ravines running to the sea.

VICO, or VICE EQUENSE (population, 12,818), the ancient Vicus Equanus, was built 1300, by Charles II., and is picturesquely seated on the slope of bold cliffs, at the mouth of a beautiful valley. There is a natural grotto or arch in the sea below, called the "Bridge of Vico," through which the sea dashes, in rough weather, with a tremendous roar. Vico is noted for its good wine. The Cathedral has the tomb of Filangieri. Gianbattista di Vico was a native.

After turning Punta di Scutulo, a fine prospect of the Piano di Sorrento comes into view, consisting of a beautiful plain of volcanic rock, covered with orange, mulberry, lemon, and other trees, hemmed in with hills on three sides, and the sea on the fourth, where the cliffs are 200 feet high, terminating in Capo di Sorrento. All this coast round to the Bay of Salerno is marked by ancient towers and modern forts, erected (the latter by the French), like our Martello towers, to give notice of the approach of the enemy.

Sorrento.-Hotels:

D'Angleterre (Soldeni's). Tramontano and Villa Nardi. Croce di Malta, or Sireno.

English Church Service, in summer.

The Syrentum, or Syren's Town, of the Greeks, and Sorrentum, of the Romans. Population, 7,000. The entrance to it is close to a deep, picturesque gorge. It is the birth-place of Tasso, and a bishop's see, standing in the delightful plain just mentioned, which, being mild and sheltered, is covered with villas, and is a great resort of the Neapolitans in summer. Boats run daily to Naples, 19 or 20 miles, across the bay. Villas and lodgings may be had at all prices. Fish, meat, fruit, milk, &c., are cheap and good. Its fatted calves and hogs are also celebrated; but its "Surrentina" wine has lost character. boats may be hired for visiting the points of Carriages, mules, donkeys, and view with which the neighbourhood of this beautiful spot abounds, and which have made it a favourite residence from the time of Augustus. Here, for a time, lived Boccaccio, Domenichino, Spagnoletto, Caravaggio, S. Rosa, and other artists. The scenery is the perfection of that style which we call Italian. Mules and donkeys may be hired, 1 to 3 fr. a day. The site of Tasso's House is on the cliff, near Villa Strongoli, now an hotel. To this he came in 1577, after his seven years' captivity at Ferrara. Another house, called De' Sersali, belonged to his sister.

Tasso, however, is claimed by Bergamo, because his father was born there; just as Petrarch is called a Florentine, though born at Arezzo; which Goldoni defends by the old question:"Se nato fussi in Mar

Concittadin dei pesci vi facessi chiamar?" (If born at sea, would you claim to be a fish?) Among the other buildings are, the Archbishop's Palace, the Villas of the Counts of Syracuse and Aquila, and Villa Puolo, on the site of Pollius Felix's house, described by Statius.

The other antiquities comprise remains of Temples of Ceres and Hercules, and of an Amphitheatre; with a kneeling figure, from the Temple of Sethos, in the public square; and a Bath near Porta del Piano. There are also some ruins on Capo di Sorrento, sloping down to the sea.

Excursions may be made to various places within a few miles of Sorrento. (1.) To the Conti delle Fontanelle and Cermenna Hills, at the back of the town, on the ridge which runs through the peninsula, said to be infested with wolves in winter. From Monte Sant' Angelo there is a splendid view of both gulfs, Cape Minerva, the Rock of Capri,