11th June-11th July, 1742. ready come to operation, if you knew it! And your Broglio is -Better hurry back to Prag, where you will find phenomena!

June 15th, Friedrich has a grand dinner of Generals at Maleschau, and says, in proposing the first bumper, "Gentlemen, I announce to you that, as I never wished to oppress the Queen of Hungary, I have formed the resolution of agreeing with that Princess, and accepting the Proposals she has made me in satisfaction of my rights," telling them withal what the chief terms were, and praising my Lord Hyndford for his great services; upon which was congratulation cordial, universal; and, with full rummers, "Health to the Queen of Hungary !" followed by others of the like type, "Grand-Duke of Lorraine !" and "The brave Prince Karl!" especially.

Brevity being incumbent on us, we shall say only that the Hyndford-Podewils operations had been speeded day and night; brought to finis, in the form of Signed Preliminaries, as "Treaty of Breslau, 11th June, 1742;" and had gone to Friedrich's satisfaction in every particular. Thanks to the useful Hyndfordto the willing mind of his Britannic Majesty, once so indignant, but made willing, nay, passionately eager, by his love of Human Liberty and the pressure of events! To Hyndford, some weeks hence1-I conclude, on Friedrich's request-there was Order of the Thistle sent; and grandest investiture,ever seen, almost, done by Friedrich upon Hyndford (Jordan, Keyserling, Schwerin, and the Sword of State busy in it; Two Queens and all the Berlin firmament looking on); and, perhaps better still, on Friedrich's part there was gift of a Silver Dinner-Service; gift of the Royal Prussian Arms (which do enrich ever since the Shield of those Scottish Carmichaels, as doubtless the Dinner-Service does their Plate-chest); and abundant praise and honor to the useful Hyndford, heavy of foot, but sure, who had reached the goal.

This welcome Treaty, signed at Breslau June 11th, and confirmed by "Treaty of Berlin, July 28th," in more explicit solemn manner, to the self-same effect, can be read by him that

4 2d August (Helden-Geschichte, ii., 729). VOL. III.-U

11th June-11th July, 1742. runs (if compelled to read Treaties);5 the terms, in compressed form, are:

1o. “Silesia, Lower and Upper, to beyond the watershed and the Oppa-stream-reserving only the Principality of Teschen, with pertinents, which used to be reckoned Silesian, and the ulterior Mountaintops" (Mountain-tops good for what? thought Friedrich a year or two afterward)—" Silesia wholly, within those limits, and furthermore the County Glatz and its dependencies, are and remain the property of Friedrich and of his Heirs male or female; given up and made his, to all intents and purposes, forevermore: with which Friedrich, to the like long date, engages to rest satisfied, and claim nothing farther any where.

2°. "Silesian Dutch-English Debt" (Loan of about Two Millions, better half of it English, contracted by the late Kaiser, on Silesian security, in that dreadful Polish-Election crisis, when the Sea-Powers would not help, but left it to their Stock-brokers), "is undertaken by Friedrich, who will pay interest on the same till liquidated. 3°. "Religion to stand where it is. Prussian Majesty not to meddle in this present or in other Wars of her Hungarian Majesty, except with his ardent wishes that General Peace would ensue, and that all his friends, Hungarian Majesty among others, were living in good agreement around him."

This is the Treaty of Breslau (June 11th, 1742), or, in second more solemn edition, Treaty of Berlin (July 28th following), signed, ratified, guaranteed by his Britannic Majesty for one,6 and firmly planted on the Diplomatic adamant (at least on the Diplomatic parchment) of this world. And now, Homeward, then; march!

Huge huzzaing, herald-trumpeting, bob-major-ing, bursts forth from all Prussian Towns, especially from all Silesian ones, in those June days, as the drums beat homeward; elaborate Illuminations in the short nights; with bonfires, with transparencies -Transparency inscribed "Frederico Magno (To Friedrich the Great)," in one small instance, still of premature naturę.7

5 In Helden-Geschichte, i., 1061-4 (Treaty of Breslau); ib., 1065-70 (that of Berlin); to be found also in Wenck, Rousset, Schöll, Adelung, &c. 6 Treaty of Westminster, between Friedrich and George, 29th (18th) November, 1742 (Schöll, ii., 313).

1 Helden-Geschichte (ii., 702–729) is endless on these Illuminations; the Jauer case, of Frederico Magno (Jauer in Silesia), is of June 15th (ib., 712).

11th July, 1742.

Omitting very many things about Silesian Fortresses, Army Cantons, Silesian settlements, military and civil, which would but weary the reader, we add only this from Bielfeld: dusty Transit of a victorious Majesty, now on the threshold of home. Precise date (which Bielfeld prudently avoids guessing at) is July 11th, 1742; “M. de Pollnitz and I are in the suite of the King:

"We never stopped on the road except some hours at Frankfurt-onOder, where the fair was just going on. On approaching the Town, we found the highway lined on both sides with crowds of traders, and other strangers of all nations, who had come out, attracted by curiosity to see the conqueror of Silesia, and had ranged themselves in two rows there. His Majesty's entry into Frankfurt, although a very triumphant one, was far from being ostentatious. We passed like lightning before the eyes of the spectators, and we were so covered with dust that it was difficult to distinguish the color of our coats and the features of our faces. We made some purchases at Frankfurt, and arrived safely in the Capital" (next day)," where the King was received amid the acclamations of his People."

Here is a successful young King; is not he? Has plunged into the Mahlstrom for his jeweled gold Cup, and comes up with it alive, unlamed. Will he, like that Diver of Schiller's, have to try the feat a second time? Perhaps a second time, and even a third!

• Bielfeld, ii., 51.

BOOK XIV.

THE SURROUNDING EUROPEAN WAR DOES NOT END.

August, 1742-July, 1744.

CHAPTER I.

FRIEDRICH RESUMES HIS PEACEABLE PURSUITS.

FRIEDRICH'S Own Peace being made on such terms, his wish and hope was that it might soon be followed by a general European one; that the live-coal which had kindled this War being quenched, the War itself might go out. Silesia is his; farther interest in the Controversy, except that it would end itself in some fair manner, he has none. "Silesia being settled," think many, thinks Friedrich for one, "what else of real and solid is there to settle?"

The European Public, or benevolent individuals of it every where, indulged also in this hope. "How glorious is my King, the youngest of the Kings and the grandest!" exclaims Voltaire (in his Letters to Friedrich at this time), and re-exclaims, till Friedrich has to interfere, and politely stop it: "a King who carries in the one hand an all-conquering sword, but in the other a blessed olive-branch, and is the Arbiter of Europe for Peace or War!" "Friedrich the Third" (so Voltaire calls him, counting ill, or misled by ignorance of German nomenclature), “Friedrich the Third, I mean Friedrich the Great (Frédéric le Grand)," will do this and do that; probably the first emergence of that epithet in human speech, as yet in a quite private, hypothetic way.1 Opinions about Friedrich's conduct, about his talents, his moralities, there were many (all wide of the mark); but this seemed clear, That the weight of such a sword as his, thrown

1 Letters of Voltaire, in Œuvres de Frédéric, xxii., 100, &c.: this last Letter is of date "July, 1742," almost contemporary with the "Jauer Transparency" noticed above.