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IN Berlin, from Tuesday, 31st May, 1740, day of the late King's death, till the Thursday following, the post was stopped and the gates closed; no estafette can be dispatched, though Dickens and all the Embassadors are busy writing. On the Thursday, Regiments, Officers, principal Officials having sworn, and the new King being fairly in the saddle, estafettes and postboys shoot forth at the top of their speed; and Rumor, toward every point of the compass, apprises mankind what immense news there is.1

A King's Accession is always a hopeful phenomenon to the public, more especially a young King's, who has been talked of for his talents and aspirings-for his sufferings, were it nothing more-and whose Anti-Machiavel is understood to be in the press. Vaguely every where there has a notion gone abroad that this young King will prove considerable. Here at last has a Lover of Philosophy got upon the throne, and great philanthropies and magnanimities are to be expected, think rash editors and idle mankind. Rash editors in England and elsewhere, we observe, are ready to believe that Friedrich has not only disbanded the Potsdam Giants, but means to "reduce the Prussian Army one half" or so, for ease (temporary ease, which we hope will be lasting) of parties concerned; and to go much upon emancipation, political rose-water, and friendship to humanity, as we now call it.

At his first meeting of Council, they say, he put this question: "Could not the Prussian Army be reduced to 45,000?” The 1 Dickens (in State-Paper Office), 4th June 1740. VOL. III.-A.

June-Sept., 1740.

excellent young man. To which the Council had answered, "Hardly, your Majesty! The Jülich-and-Berg affair is so ominous hitherto!" These may be secrets, and dubious to people out of doors, thinks a wise editor; but one thing patent to the day was this, surely symbolical enough: On one of his Majesty's first drives to Potsdam or from it, a thousand children-in round numbers a thousand of them, all with the red string round their necks, and liable to be taken for soldiers, if needed in the regiment of their Canton-"a thousand children” met this young King at a turn of his road, and with shrill unison of wail sang out, "Oh, deliver us from slavery"-from the red threads, your Majesty! Why should poor we be liable to suffer hardship for our Country or otherwise, your Majesty! Can no one else be got to do it? sang out the thousand children. And his Majesty assented on the spot, thinks the rash editor.2 "Goose, Madam ?” exclaimed a philanthropist projector once, whose scheme of sweeping chimneys by pulling a live goose down through them was objected to: "Goose, Madam? You can take two ducks, then, if you are so sorry for the goose !" Rash editors think there is to be a reign of Astræa Redux in Prussia by means of this young King, and forget to ask themselves, as the young King must by no means do, How far Astræa may be possible for Prussia and him?

At home, too, there is prophesying enough, vague hope enough, which for most part goes wide of the mark. This young King, we know, did prove considerable, but not in the way shaped out for him by the public; it was in far other ways! For no public in the least knows, in such cases; nor does the man himself know, except gradually and if he strive to learn. As to the public-"Doubtless," says a friend of mine, "doubtless it was the Atlantic Ocean that carried Columbus to America: lucky for the Atlantic, and for Columbus and us; but the Atlantic did not quite vote that way from the first; nay, its votes, I believe, were very various at different stages of the matter!" This is a truth which kings and men, not intending to be drift-logs or waste brine obedient to the Moon, are much called to have in mind withal, from perhaps an early stage of their voyage.

Gentleman's Magazine (London, 1740), x., 318; Newspapers, &c.

June-Sept., 1740.

Friedrich's actual demeanor in these his first weeks, which is still decipherable if one study well, has in truth a good deal of the brilliant, of the popular, magnanimous; but manifests strong solid quality withal, and a head steadier than might have been expected. For the Berlin world is all in a rather Auroral condition; and Friedrich too is-the chains suddenly cut loose, and such hopes opened for the young man. He has great things ahead; feels in himself great things, and doubtless exults in the thought of realizing them. Magnanimous enough, popular, hopeful enough, with Voltaire and the highest of the world looking on; but yet he is wise, too; creditably aware that there are limits, that this is a bargain, and the terms of it inexorable. discern with pleasure the old veracity of character shining through this giddy new element; that all these fine procedures are at least unaffected, to a singular degree true, and the product of nature, on his part; and that, in short, the complete respect for Fact, which used to be a quality of his, and which is among the highest and also rarest in man, has on no side deserted him at present.

A trace of airy exuberance, of natural exultancy, not quite repressible, on the sudden change to freedom and supreme power from what had gone before; perhaps that also might be legible, if in those opaque bead-rolls which are called Histories of Friedrich any thing human could with certainty be read! He flies much about from place to place; now at Potsdam, now at Berlin, at Charlottenburg, Reinsberg; nothing loth to run where business calls him, and appear in public: the gazetteer world, as we noticed, which has been hitherto a most mute world, breaks out here and there into a kind of husky jubilation over the great things he is daily doing, and rejoices in the prospect of having a Philosopher King; which function the young man, only twentyeight gone, can not but wish to fulfill for the gazetteers and the world. He is a busy man, and walks boldly into his grand enterprise of "making men happy," to the admiration of Voltaire and an enlightened public far and near.

Bielfeld speaks of immense concourses of people crowding about Charlottenburg, to congratulate, to solicit, to &c.; tells us how he himself had to lodge almost in out-houses in that royal

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