973.7 289 1900

V.2

PREFACE.

HE peculiar circumstances under which this work has been prepared, caused a much longer interval between the appearance of the first and second volumes than was expected; but the delay has been an advantage to the book, because it has enabled the author to procure and use more authentic and valuable materials than could have been obtained earlier, especially from Confederate sources.

An essential part of the original plan of the writer, and which has been carried out, was to make a personal visit to the principal battle-fields and other places of interest connected with the Civil War. This could not be done within the Confederate lines during the war, and it was difficult to do so in many places for several months after the conflict had ceased. As much as possible of this labor was accomplished before the completion of the first volume, in which the events of the conflict, civil and military, to the close of the first battle of Bull's Run, are recorded.

After the first volume was completed, in the spring of 1866, the writer made a journey of several thousand miles in visiting the historical localities within the bounds of the Confederacy, observing the topography of battle-fields and the region of the movements of the great armies, making sketches, conversing with actors in the scenes, procuring documents, and in every possible way gathering valuable materials for the work. The writer bore a cordial letter of introduction from General Grant to any officer commanding a military post within the late Slavelabor States, asking him to afford the bearer every facility in his power. To General O. O. Howard the writer was also indebted for a similar letter, directed to any agent of the Freedmen's Bureau. These, and the kind services everywhere proffered by,

and received from, persons who had been in the Confederate ar mies, procured for the author extraordinary facilities for gathering historical materials, and he was enabled to send and bring home a large amount of valuable matter. This had to be carefully examined and collated. In this and kindred labor, and in the construction of small illustrative maps, and the preparation of the sketches for the engraver, all by his own hands, months were consumed, and the delay in the appearance of the second volume was the consequence.

THE RIDGE, DOVER PLAINS, N. Y.

B. J. L.

EFFECT OF THE BATTLE OF BULL'S RUN.-REORGANIZATION OF THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC.-CONGRESS AND THE COUNCIL OF THE CONSPIRATORS.-EAST TENNESSEE. Effect of the Battle of Bull's Run, page 17.-The Story in both Sections-Scenes in Richmond and in Washington-A sad Picture, 18.-The Story in Europe-Hopes and Predictions of the Ruling Classes there-Relative Position of the Combatants, 19.-Another Uprising of the People-The Exultation of the Confederates-The "United South," how formed, 20.-Sufferings of Southern Unionists-The Confederate Army immovableJefferson Davis a Marplot, 21.-Why the Confederate Army was immovable-Alarm of the Conspirators, 22.-General McClellan at the Head of the Army of the Potomac-Reorganization of that Army, 23.-The Defenses of Washington, 24.-Purchase of Arms for the Government-Domestic Manufactures of Arms, 25. -Prisoners taken at Bull's Run, in Richmond-Tobacco Warehouse Prison and Commissary Winder, 26.~ Richmond Prison Association"-Kind Women in Richmond, 27.-Object of the War declared by Congress -Measures for crushing the Rebellion opposed, 28-Thaddeus Stevens's Warnings-Peace Proposition, 29. -A National Loan authorized, 30.-Appeal of the Secretary of the Treasury, and the Response-The Provisional Congress of the Conspirators, 31.-Jefferson Davis's Misstatements, 32.-Determination of Davis and his Fellow-Conspirators to wage War vigorously-Confiscations, 33.-Protection of Pirates-Davis's so-called "Departments," and their Heads, 34.-Persecution of Union Men, 35.-Outrages in East Tennessee, 36.-Brownlow and other Loyalists hunted-Blood-Hounds, 87.-Unionists in Prison-Brutal Order of Judah P. Benjamin, 38.-Brownlow's Defiance-His Release, 89.-Writs of Garnishment-Denunciations by Pettigru, 40.-Pettigru's Actions reviewed, 41.

CHAPTER II.

CIVIL AND MILITARY OPERATIONS IN MISSOURI.

Position of National Troops in Missouri-Sigel's Pursuit of Price, 42.-Battle near Carthage, 43.-Sigel's Retreat to Springfield-Lyon's March Southward, 44.-He hastens toward Springfield-Confederates Marching on that Town, 45.-Lyon goes out to meet them-Battle at Dug Springs, 46.-Price and McCulloch at variance -The Confederates at Wilson's Creek, 47.-Lyon marches out to attack them, 48.-Battle of Wilson's Creek, 49.-Death of General Lyon-Major Sturgis in command-Sigel's Troops lost by a Trick of the Confederates, 53.-A Drawn Battle-Retreat of the National Troops Northward, 54.-Guerrillas in MissouriActivity of Union Troops-Civil Affairs in Missouri, 55.-Promises of Protection to Slavery-Movements of the Missouri Traitors-A Military Despotism proclaimed, 56.-Operations of Hardee, Thompson, and Pillow, 57.-Measures for annexing Missouri to the Confederacy, 58.-General Fremont in command in the Western Department-His Embarrassments, 59.-Aspect of Affairs in his Department-Kentucky Neutrality a Help to the Insurgents, 60.-Cairo and its Vicinity strengthened-Pillow anxious for a Union of Confederate Forces, 61.-The Confederates alarmed-Polk orders Pillow to fly from Missouri, 62.-Activity of Missouri Secessionists-Guerrilla Bands, 63.-Fremont proclaims Martial Law throughout MissouriSecessionists rigorously treated-Fremont's Emancipation Proclamation, 64.-The Proclamation modified by the President- Relations of the Government to Slavery, 65.

6

CONTENTS.

· CHAPTER III.

MILITARY OPERATIONS IN MISSOURI AND KENTUCKY.

Ben. McCulloch's Proclamation-Price's Appeal to the Missourians, 66.-Lexington fortified-Price attacks the

Post, 67.-Siege of Lexington-Mulligan expects Re-enforcements-A Severe Struggle, 68.-Fremont called

upon for Troops--Why Mulligan was not re-enforced, 70.-Fremont assailed-He puts an Army in motion

-Pillow's Designs on Cairo, 71.-Kentucky Neutrality-Conference between McClellan and Buckner-

Magoffin encourages the Secessionists, 72.-Union Military Camps in Kentucky-Magoffin rebuked by the

President, 73.-The Confederates invade Kentucky-Seizure of Columbus, 74.--Zollicoffer invades Eastern

Kentucky-The Kentucky Legislature against the Confederates, 75.-General Grant takes Military Posses-

sion of Paducah-End of the Neutrality-Flight of Secessionists, 76.-Ex Vice-President Breckenridge

among the Traitors-Operations of Buckner-General Anderson's Counter-action, 77.-Seed of the Army

of the Cumberland planted-The Confederate Forces in Missouri in check-Price retreats toward arkan-

sas, 78.-Fremont's Army pursues him-Passage of the Osage-Fremont's Plans, 79.-The Charge of Fre-

mont's Body-guard at Springfield, 80.-Fremont's Army at Springfield-Success of National Troops in Eastern

Missouri, 81.-Thompson's Guerrillas dispersed-Complaints against Fremont, 82.-Fremont succeeded in

command by Hunter-Preparations for a Battle, 83.-Fremont returns to St. Louis-His Reception, 84.-

General Grant in Kentucky, 85.-Expedition down the Mississippi by Land and Water-Columbus menaced,

86.-Battle at Belmont-Grant hard pressed, but escapes, 87 -Services of the Gun-Boats-The Confede-

rates at Columbus in peril, 88.-Zollicoffer's Advance in Kentucky-The Unionists aroused-Battle among

the Rock Castle Hills, 89.-Battle of Piketon, 90-The East Tennessee Unionists disappointed-The Con-

federate Foothold in Tennessee and Kentucky, 91.

CHAPTER IV.

MILITARY OPERATIONS IN WESTERN VIRGINIA AND ON THE SEACOAST.

Robert E. Lee in command in Western Virginia-Disposition of his Troops, 92.-Floyd at Carnifex Ferry-

General Cox in the Kanawha Valley, 93.-Advance of Rosecrans-He crosses the Mountains and confronts

Floyd at Carnifex Ferry, 94.—Battle of Carnifex Ferry, 95.-Gallantry of the Western Troops, 96.-Flight

and Escape of Floyd-Insubordination of Wise, 97.-Reynolds's Command-Lee plans for seizing and

Holding West Virginia-Reynolds wounded, 98.-Attempt to capture the Summit foiled-Lee repulsed at

Elkwater, 99.-He joins Floyd at Meadow Bluff-Conflict near "Traveler's Repose," 100.-Rosecrans and

Lee between the Gauley and New Rivers-Floyd driven from New River, 101.-Benham's unsuccessful

Pursuit of Floyd-Rosecrans retires-Kelley in Western Virginia, 102.-Battle near Romney-Milroy

holds the Cheat Mountain Region-He fights Johnston, of Georgia, at Alleghany Summit, 103.-Expedition

to Huntersville-Operations on the Seacoast, 104.-Burning of Hampton by Magruder-General Wool at

Fortress Monroe, 105.-Expedition to Hatteras Inlet, 107.-Captures of the Forts and Hatteras Island-But-

ler commissioned to raise Troops in New England, 108.-Naval Operations near Cape Hatteras-Perils of

the Nationals on Hatteras Island, 109.-Hawkins's Proclamation-Attempt to establish a loyal Civil Gov-

ernment in Eastern North Carolina, 110.-Stirring Events near Pensacola-Wilson's Zouaves on Santa

Rosa Island attacked, 111.-Battle on Santa Rosa Island, and Repulse of the Confederates-The Confede-

rates before Fort Pickens, 112.-Attack by Fort Pickens and War-vessels on the Confederate Works-Folly

of Hollins on the Mississippi, 113.-Naval Engagement at Southwest Pass-Incompetency of Hollins, 114.

CHAPTER V.

MILITARY AND NAVAL OPERATIONS ON THE COAST OF SOUTH

CAROLINA.-MILITARY

OPERATIONS ON THE LINE OF THE POTOMAC RIVER.

Need of Harbors for Blockading Vessels-Gathering of a Naval and Military Expedition in Hampton Roads,

115.-Composition of the Expedition-Its Departure, 116.-A Terrible Storm at Sea-Joy of the Confede-

rates, 117.-The Expedition off Beaufort Harbor-Confederate Defenses there, 113.-Tatnall and his

"Mosquito Fleet "-Plan of Attack, 119.-Battle of Port Royal Entrance, 120.-Capture of Forts Walker

and Beauregard at Port Royal Entrance, 121.-Landing of National Forces at Hilton Head, 122.-The Coast

Island Region of South Carolina abandoned to the National Troops, 123.-Flight of white Inhabitants-

Capture of Beaufort, 124.-Conquests on the Coast of Georgia, 125.-Care of the Cotton on the Coast

Islands, 126-Movements against Port Royal Ferry-Composition of the Expedition, 127.-Battle at Port

Royal Ferry-Attempt to close the Harbor of Charleston with sunken Vessels filled with Rocks, 128.-

Failure of the Attempt-McClellan and the Army of the Potomac, 129.-Preparations for marching on

Richmond-Retirement of General Scott, 180.-Organization and Equipment of the Army of the Potomac

-French Princes on McClellan's Staff, 131.-Position of the Army of the Potomac-Its Departments, 132.

-Reviews-Hostile Demonstrations, 133.-A Land and Naval Expedition down the Potomac planned-Its

Failure-The Potomac Blockade, 184.-Reconnoissance near Washington City-Committee on the Conduct

of the War, 185.-Confederates evacuate Munson's Hill-"Quaker Guns," 186.-Expedition to Harper's

Ferry, 187.-Capture of Harper's Ferry-The Combatants along the Potomac, 138.-Movements on the

Potomac, 189.-Invasion of Virginia, 140.-Senator E. D. Baker and his Troops, 141.-Battle of Ball's Bluff,

142.-A Terrible Scene on the River, 143.-Disaster to the National Arms, 144.-The Honored Dead-

Explanation demanded, 145.—The Case of General Stone, 146.-A Prisoner of State, 147.-The Baltimore

Plot, 148.-How Mr. Lincoln's Life was saved. 149.

CHAPTER VI.

THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC.-THE TRENT AFFAIR.-CAPTURE OF ROANOKE ISLAND.

Immobility of the Grand Army of the Potomac, 150.-Confederate Incursions-A Battle near Drainsville, 151.—

Feeling in Europe in Favor of the Conspirators-Expression of Leading Men in Great Britain, 152.-Depar

ture of Mason and Slidell for Europe as "Embassadors" of the "Confederate States," 153.-Their cordial

Reception at Havana-They embark for England in the Steamer Trent, and are captured by Captain

Wilkes, 154.-Mason and Slidell in Fort Warren-Wilkes's Act applauded by all loyal Men, 155.-Appro-

val of the Secretary of the Navy-The Wisdom of President Lincoln, 156.—British Theory and Practice

concerning Neutrals, 157.-The British demand the Release of the " Embassadors "-Abuse of the American

People by the British Press and Orators, 158.-The Liberal Mind of England represented by John Bright

and a few others, 159.-The British Government demands the Release of Mason and Slidell, 160.-Concilia-

tory Action of the American Government met by Duplicity and Truculence, 161.-American Principles

concerning the Rights of Neutrals vindicated, 162.-Arguments of the Secretary of State, 163.-Surrender

of the "Embassadors" to British Custody, 164.-Enemies of the Republic hopeful, 165.-The Government

strengthened, 166.-The "Burnside Expedition "-A Terrible Storm, 167.-The Expedition at Hatteras

Inlet, 168.-The Confederates on Roanoke Island, 169.-Attack on the Confederate Works there by the

National Fleet-Landing of National Troops, 170.-Battle of Roanoke Island, 171.-Capture of the Island

and the Confederate Army, 173.-Elizabeth City taken, 174.-Medals of Honor bestowed, 175.-The Nation-

als control Albemarle Sound, 176.-Appeals to the North Carolinians, 177.—Spirit of the Loyal and the

Disloyal, 178.

CHAPTER VII.

MILITARY OPERATIONS IN MISSOURI, NEW MEXICO, AND KENTUCKY.-CAPTURE OF FORT

HENRY.

Position of the Armies in the Mississippi Valley-General Halleck in command of the Department of Mis-

souri, 179.-His rigorous Treatment of influential Secessionists, 180.-Fugitive Slaves excluded from Mili-

tary Camps-Pope in Missouri-Price's Appeal to the Missourians, 181.-Activity of the Confederates-

Battle on the Blackwater, 182.-Halleck declares Martial Law in St. Louis-Price driven out of Missouri,

183.-Hunter's Operations in Kansas, 184.-Treason in New Mexico, 185.-Loyalty and Disloyalty within

its Borders-General Canby and Colonel Sibley, 186.-Battle of Valverde-Texas Rangers, 187.—Sibley's

Victories in, and final Expulsion from New Mexico, 188.-Albert Sidney Johnston in the West-A Pro-

visional Government in Kentucky, 189.-War in Southern Kentucky, 190.-Battle of Prestonburg, 191.—

Forces of Generals Buell and Zollicoffer in Kentucky, 192.-Military Movements in Eastern Kentucky-

The Confederates on the Cumberland, 193.—Battle of Mill Spring, 194.-Its Results-Death of Zollicoffer,

195.-Beauregard sent to the West, 196.-The Confederates in Kentucky and Tennessee, 197.-Their Fortifi-

cations in those States-A Naval Armament in Preparation at St. Louis, 198.-Foote's Flotilla-Preparations

to break the Confederate Line, 199.-Thomas's Movements toward East Tennessee, 200.-Expedition

against Fort Henry, 201.-Operations of Gun-Boats on the Tennessee River-Torpedoes, 202.-Attack on

Fort Henry, 203.-Capture of the Post-Scene just before the Surrender, 204.-Effects of the Fall of Fort

Henry, 205.

CHAPTER VIII.

SIEGE AND CAPTURE OF FORT DONELSON.

Gun-Boat Expedition up the Tennessee River, 206.-Commodore Foote in the Pulpit, 207.-Preparations for
marching against Fort Donelson, 208.-Character and Strength of Fort Donelson, 209.-Disposition of Forces
for Battle, 210.-The Carondelet-Opening of the Battle, 211.-Defeat of the National Troops-Arrival of