B.

Babel of tongues in England, 47.
Bacon, John, his sculpture in cathe-
drals, 529.

Bacon, Roger, anticipative discoveries,

53.

Bacon, Lord, his genius not universal,
160. Eminent as orator and ingenious
writer, ib.
Less superior in natural
philosophy. b. Induction coeval with
human nature, 161. His supremacy
in ethics, 162. Detestable public life,
163. Minor luminaries of his age,

164.

Babœuf, conspiracy of, 568.

Bakewell improves stock-breeding, 545.
Bank of England, beginning of, 344.
Share in mercantile reaction of 1825,
634. Removal of Restriction Act, 648.
Banking, its origin and progress, 342.
Bank Restriction Act, effects of, 551.
Banks, his Chatham monument, 550.
Balance of power, 478.

Ball-room etiquette of Beau Nash, 408.
Ball, John, significant inquiry of, 29.
Barings, the, merchants, favour free
trade, 710.

Barbauld, Mrs., and Godwin's "Political
Justice," 521.

Barons, England divided among, 21.
Private wars of, 27. Become brigands,
ib. Their conflicting territorial inte
rests in France and England, 57.
Barristers, servility under James II.,
258.

Barrow, Mr., contributions to "Quarterly
Review," 653.
Barry, as a painter, 528.
Bass rock imprisonments, 25.
Baltic Company formed, 295.
Battle Abbey roll, 55.

Barre, Colonel, disdains Lord North,
441.

Bath, examples of street architecture,
531.

Bareith, Margravine of, her "Memoirs,"
$84. 600.

Bayeux tapestry, 54.

Beachy Head, naval fight with Dutch,
322.

Becket, Thomas-à, high church struggle,

61.

Bentinck, Lord, his perilous loyalty, 338.
Berlin and Milan decrees of Bonaparte,
472.

Berlin, court of, before French Revolu-
tion, 89. $84. 588.

Beckford, Alderman, Lord Chatham's
intrigues with, 445.

Belgium separated from Holland, 475.
Bentham's, Jeremy, maxim of the best
evidence, 480. Writings of, 650.
Bernard, Sir John, eminent city mer-
chant, 401.

Bewick, admirable woodcuts of, 529.

Bible, inodel code of legislation, 34. Ef
fect of its translation, 109. Cover-

Second

Ancient

Brennus, the Gaulish leader, 606
Brancas, first writer on steam, 159.
Britain, invasion of, by Romans, 3. Be-
nefited by subjugation, 14.
landing of Julius Cæsar, 5.
Britons, Celtic origin of, 2.
towns of, 3. Mixture of races, 14.
Brookes' and Almacks', 496.
Brougham, Lord, excluded from Mel-
bourne ministry, 686. Letter to Wil-
liam IV., ib. note. Protects Mr. Hume,
633. London University, 635. Law
reform speech, 639.

Bruce, Mr., on Bayeux tapestry, 54.
Brunswick family, accession of, 571.
Brunswick, Duke of, French campaign,

ment, 435. His unfitness for the coup-
d'état, 436. Results of his failure,

437.

Byron, Lord, poetry of, 523.

C.

Cabal, rise of, under Charles II., 254.
Cambridge University reform, 793.
Campbell, Thomas, poetry of, 531. Sug-
gests London University, 635.
Campbell, Lord, Libel Act of, 447.
Canal navigation progress, 554.
Campan, Madame, on Marie Antoinette,

586.

California, discovery of gold-fields, 753.
Calais, an old possession of England, 471.
Canning, Mr., his death and politics, 636.
Canon law, digest of, 138.

Cartwright invents the power loom, 542.
Caricatures, songs, and satires, 503.
Castlemaine, Lady, mistress of Charles

II., 242. Installation of, at court, 243.
Cathedral and illustrious schools, 69.
Catalani, Madame, reigning vocalist, 655.
Catch club formed, 534.

Caterwauling as a royal amusement, 390.
Castle Dunie, doings at, 32.

Caroline, queen of George I., her rare
gifts, 389. Her metempsychosis, ib.
note. Her suggestion of the Serpentine
improvement, 390. note.
Caroline, queen of George IV., 625.

Al-

leged misconduct, ib. Failure of the
Bill of Degradation, 626. Popular ex-
citement, 627. Death and generous
qualities, 628.

Cato Street plot, 624.

Cavaliers, profession and practice, 318.
Caxton introduces printing, 70.
Celtic nations, where settled, 2.

Central Criminal Court established, 677.
Chambers, Sir William, architect of
Somerset House, 531.

Charles I., contrast with his predecessor,
166. Buckingham, Laud, and Straf.
ford, 167. Disputes with Parliament,
168. Begins the civil war, 169. Gal-
lant spirit on both sides, 170. Edge-
hill, battle of, ib. General society
little disturbed, 171. Army supplies,
how raised, 172. King's discomfiture
at Naseby and Marston Moor, 173.
Presbyterians in favour of monarchy,
174. Reflections on the parties in the
war, 175.

801

not revived, 230. Habeas Corpus Act
passed, ib. Statutes of Frauds and
Distribution, 231. Corporation and
Test Acts, ib. Clarendon's degrada.
tion, 233. Rise of the Cabal, 234
Shutting of the Exchequer, and attach
on Smyrna fleet, ib. King, ministers,
and parliament take foreign bribes,
235. Pension Parliament, ib. Popish
plots, 237. Rye House Plot, 238.
Charles's fear of parliament, 239.
Prosperity of the country, ib. Royal
Court, descriptive strictures on, 240.
A company of strolling players, ib.
Mistresses of Charles, and tenders for
a wife, 241. Scandalous palace ar.
rangement for Lady Castlemaine, 243.
Court gaieties, 244. Rivalries in love
between Charles and James, 245. Re-
sults of the Court of Libertines, 247.
Influence of, on society, 248. Regi-
men of the court adopted from Ver-
sailles, 249. Character of the king,
250. His accomplishments, ib. Re-
storation brought back the arts, not
taste, 251. Hampton Court beauties,
ib. The king heartless and aban-
doned, 252. A Count Fathom of ini-
quity, a low man, ib. Popular with the
multitude, 254. Literature, 255. Cos-
tume of the age, ib.

Chartists, petition of, 706.
Chateaubriand, Viscount, life of the old
French noblesse, 598.

Chatham, Earl of, his two years' syncope,
459. Clandestine intrigues, 415. Failure
of Chatham - Grenville brotherhood,
439. The earl loves strong ale, 493.
Could act many parts, ib.
Chaucer's tales first printed, 70.
China roused from torpor by gold, 758.
War with, 698.

Chiswick House, its incongruities, 531.
Christianity, introduction of, 99. The

Apostolic age, 100. Primitive cha-
racter, 102. Deviations from, 105.
Wonderful story of, 106.
Chivalry, its noble traits, 25.
Chivalry and puritanism, 482.
Churchill, Arabella, mistress of James
II., 209.

Church of England, illustrious founders
of, 186. The Protestant meliorations
introduced, 137. Privileges gained
by the laity, ib. Book of Homilies and
Common Prayer, ib. Settlement of
its doctrines, 137. Digest of the canon
law, 138. Foundation laid under Ed.
ward VI., ib. Objections of noncon-
formists, 141. Similarities of Anglican
and Romish worship, 142. Hampton
Court conference, 145. Existing per-
plexities under Victoria of, 149.
Songs on "Old Mother Church," 577.
Cinque-port towns, 281.
Cities, ancient, their decline, 80.
Circulating libraries, beginning of, 319.
Civilisation, British, summary of, 422.

Charles 11., his restoration unavoidable,
218. Precipitancy its chief drawback,
219. Union of Presbyterians and
Monarchists, and savage vengeance,
221. Surrender of the regicides, ib.
Their trial, 222. Cannibal rage of the
royalists, 223. Charles an unfeeling
spectator, 224. Resumption of crown
and church lands, 226. Alteration of
the Liturgy, 227. Standing army be-
gun, 229. Past arbitrary institutions

The Conquest fixes nationality, 424.
Benefits from feudalism, ib. From the
Protestant Reformation, ib. From the
civil war, ib. The great charter, ib.
Influence of the productive orders, 426.
Source of maritime power, 427. Con-
currence of all classes, 430. Advances
to George III., 431. Characteristic of
present civilisation, 721.

Civil list of the Stuarts, $10.
Civil agitation become pacific, 783.
Civil service reform, 793.

Civil war under Charles, merits of, 168. A
case of pecuniary embarrassment, 169.
Clarendon, Lord, enmity between, and
Duchess of Cleveland, 246.
Classic models, misleadings of, 569.
Clergy, predominant power of, 51. Ob-
structive to progress, ib. Pernicious
exemptions from criminal punish-
ments, 61. The popular tribunes of
the commonalty, 62. Servility under
Charles II., 258. Cause of decline
from the Reformation, 318.
Clubs established against parvenus, 495.
Clubhouses architectural gems, 795.
Coade, his artificial stone, 530.
Coal necessary to obtain iron, 538.
mines abandoned, ib.

Coal

Colebrooke Dale iron bridge, 542.
Coffee-houses for politicians begun, 320.
Coffee and chocolate houses, 409.
Coke obtains ascendancy over charcoal,
538.

Coldstream guards formed, 229.
Common law, emanates from curia regia,
37.
Commerce, native riches under William
I., 280. Description of, by a Norman
chaplain, ib. Effects of the Conquest
on industry, 281. Origin of woollen
manufacture, 282. Arrival of the
Jews, ib. Loans at interest. 283.
Commerce promoted by crusades, 285.
Silkworms brought from the East, ib.
Jealousy of foreigners, 287. Impolitic
laws, ib
Internal traffic impeded by
tolls and levies, 288. Mercantile policy
to the 14th century, 290. Commercial
cities of Italy, 291. Commodities ex-
changed, 292. Lombard bankers, ib.
Causes of decline of medieval cities,
293. Steelyard and staple merchants,
294. Freedom from Hanseatic thral-
dom, 295. England enabled to walk
alone, ib. Merchant Adventurers and
exclusive trading, 296. Trinity House
incorporated, ib. Mercantile system,
297. Manufacturers driven from the
continent by persecution, 298. New-
foundland fisheries begun, 299. Carry.
ing trade of Holland, ib. Shipbuilding
and navigation, 300. State of trade
at the Orange revolution, S02. Effects
of French war on, 548. South Ame-
rican speculation, ib. Effects of war
and peace on, 549. Contrast of, 550.
Port of London extension of quays,

554. General introduction of docks,
555. Rise of inland towns, 556. Abbé
Present
Raynal on commerce, 557.
great exports, 786.
Commonwealth of England, 178. Con-
stitutional transitions, ib. Principle
of human nature illustrated by the
civil war, 180. Impulse to national
progress, 181. House of Lords voted
useless, ib. Church lands seques-
trated, ib. The carnival of conceits
Ridiculous
and extravagances, 182.
Political
austerities of the saints, ib.
corruption under, 183. Long Parlia
ment loses its character, ib. Triumphs
of the navy, 186. National character
strengthened, ib. Public prosperity,
187. Pecuniary difficulties of the
Stuarts a leading cause of the civil
war, 316.

Concert of Ancient Music, 535.
Concubinage, its prevalence under George
I. and II., 399.

Conquest, effects of, on property, 58.
Number of Norman invaders, 59. Re-
covery of the Anglo-Saxon ascendancy,

ib.

Continental alliances, rise and progress
of, 464.

Cooke, Mr., his electric telegraph, 734.
Corn laws under William IL, $40.
Abolition of, by Sir R. Peel, 713
Corporations, Romans establish, 9. Re-
form of municipal, 678.

Corporation and Test Acts passed, 233.
Costume, changes in, 501. Dress, one
of the fine arts, 502.
Courtesy added to Christianity, 26.
Country gentlemen, their palmy days,

522.

Creasy, Mr., his derivation of Celtic
words, 8.

Crime, increase under George II., $95.
Fallacious view on peace and prosperity
as the cause of, ib. Present character
of, 789.

Crimea, memorable war in, 767.
Cromwell, Thomas, suggests attack on
religious houses, 122.

Cromwell, Oliver, intercepts the church
plate, 173. Artfully fosters discontents
of the military, 184. Follows the usual
example of the leaders of mankind, 189.
His accession to the Protectorate, 190.
Astonishing military career, 191. Bat-
tle of Dunbar, ib. Long Parliament
dissolved, 192. New parliament, 13
Instrument of government, 194. His
Re-
restless desire for kingship, 195.
sistance to his usurpation, 196. Only
supported by the army, 197. Peculiar
abilities and character, 198. Taught

of, 652.

803

D.

Dalhousie, Earl, his Indian administra-
tion, 704.

Danby, Lord, remark on James 11., 323.
Danseuse, a fashionable one, 489.

Dante, his maledictions on Papacy, 114.
D'Arblay, Madame, description of court
etiquette, 485.

Dark ages, dreary page of history, 74.
Darwin, Dr., his poetry, 523.

Davis, Mary, mistress of Charles II.,244.
Davenant, Dr., economical writer, 366.
Deffand, Madame, her longevity and
mirth, 491.

De Donis, statute of, 79.
Devonshire, Duke of, dies of satiety, 492.
D'Eon, Chevalier, one of the diplomatic
corps, 480.

D'Holbach, Baron, his Paris dinners,491.
Diplomacy, corruption of, 596. Violation
of postal communications, 597.
Dissent and radicalism lessen prestige of
rank, 498.

Discoveries, futile controversies on origi-
nality, 540. Rapid advancement of,
734. Summary of recent ones, 736.
Docks, general introduction of, 555.
Domesday book, description of, 55.
Drama, its decline, 655.

Dress, one of the fine arts, 502.
Druidism, wide diffusion of, 95.
Drill husbandry of Tull, 420
Drunkenness, vice of all courts before
French Revolution, 601.

Dryden, his "State of Innocence," 532.
Dudley and Ward, Earl, attached to Mr.
Canning, 637.

Duel, modern, of German paternity, 34.
Dunciad, new materials for, 788.

Dunstable, Abbot of, sells a slave, 30.
Dunkirk, sale of, 253.

Dunbar, battle of, 191.

Education, popular, what? 793.
Edward I., restricts the House of Lords,
40. Year books began under, 41.
Also trial by jury, ib.

Edward VI., Anglican Church founded
under, 138.

Ellesmere, Earl of, on the Russian war,
761.

Elixir of life. pursuit of, 52.

Elizabeth, great Poor-law Act of, 86.
Glories of her reign, 88. Absolutism
of her government, 90. Love of reli
gious forms, 139. Penal statutes, 144.
Hearty in the cause of the Reforma-
tion, 140.
England, territorial connection with
France, 63. Her agricultural, com-
mercial, and manufacturing progress,
271. In population, riches, and social
aspects, 303. Comparative rate of, from
the Roman period to the present, ib.
Greatness of, how derived, 269. Con-
trast of her progress with the ancients,
272. Chief productive agencies of her
greatness, 783.

English language, foundation of, 41.
Entails introduced, 37.

"Essay on Man," Bolingbroke's share
in, 377.

Ethics, decline of, 515.

European courts before the French Re-
volution, 385, 585.

Europe, decline of war in, 779.
Evelyn's description of court gaieties,

244.

Exchange, merchants on, in 1688, 307.
Exchequer shut by Charles II., 234.

F.

Farinelli, reigning opera favourite, 497.
Fashion, changes in, 501.
Fathom, Count, like Charles II., 252.
Feasts, ancient, items of, 31.

Feudal system, advance in civilisation,
22. Its primary elements, protection
for allegiance or labour, 25. Chivalry
an incident of it, with noble traits, ib.
Perpetuity of feudalism incompatible
with progress, 26. Hospitality of. 30.
Feudal life exemplified, 32. Decline
of feudal militia, 65. 79.

Field preaching, and lay ministers, 413.
Fitzherbert, his Treatise of Agriculture,

277.

Five Mile Act under Charles II., 257.

III., 492.

E.

Earthenware, improvements in, 543.
East, the, what nations are indebted to,
284.

Flemings introduce woollen manufac-
ture, 282.

Fortescue, Sir John, on hedgerows, 278.
"Fourth Estate." beginning of, 445.
Fox, Charles James, his dissipation, 487.
Reckless gambling, ib. Union of play
with the classics, 488. Connection with