CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

AMERICA BEFORE COLUMBUS

PAGE

. xxi

Age and Origin of Man in America.-Primordial Americans

unlike Present Asiatics.-Resemblances between their Various
Branches.-Two Great Types.-The Mound-builders' Age.-De-
sign of the Mounds.-Different Forms.-Towns and Cities.-
Proofs of Culture.-Arts.-Fate of the Mound-builders.-The
Indians.-Their Number.-Degree of Civilization.-Power of
Endurance.-Religion.-The Various Nations.-Original Brute
Inhabitants of North America.-Plants, Fruits, and Trees.—
Indian Agriculture.

Bretons and Normans in the New World. -The Northmen

Question.-Marco Polo's Travels.-His Pictures of Eastern Asia.
-Influence on Columbus. Early Life of Columbus. -- His
Cruises and Studies.-Asia to be Reached by Sailing West.-

-

Appeals for Aid.-Rebuffs -Success. - Sails from Palos.-The
Voyage. America Discovered.-Columbus's Later Voyages and
Discoveries. - Illusion Respecting the New Land. - Amerigo
Vespucci.-Rise of the Name "America."

CHAPTER II. EARLY SPANISH AMERICA.

PAGE

12

Portugal and Spain Divide the Newly Discovered World.-
Spain gets most of America -Voyage of de Solis.-Balboa Dis-
covers the Pacific.-Ponce de Leon on the Florida Coast.-Ex-
plorations by Grijalva.-Cortez Invades Mexico.-Subjugates
the Country.-De Ayllon's Cruise.-Magellan Circumnavigates
the Globe.-Narvaez's Expedition into Florida. -Its Sad Fate.
-De Soto.-His March.-Hardships.-Discovers the Mississip-
pi.-His Death.-End of His Expedition.-French Settlement
in Florida.-St. Augustine.-French-Spanish Hostilities.-Rea
sons for Spain's Failure to Colonize far North.-Her Treatment
of the Natives.-Tyranny over her own Colonies.

CHAPTER III.

EXPLORATION AND COLONIZA-

TION BY THE FRENCH AND THE ENGLISH 23

-

Verrazano.-"New France."-Cartier Discovers St. Lawrence
Gulf and River.- Second Voyage.-Montreal.-Third.-De
Monts.- Champlain.- Founds Quebec.- Westward Explora-
tions. John Cabot, Discoverer of the North American Main.—
Frobisher.-Tries for a Northwest Passage.-Second Expedition
for Gold.-Third.-Eskimo Tradition of Frobisher's Visits.-
Drake Sails Round the World.-Cavendish Follows.-Raleigh's
Scheme. Colony at Roanoke Island." Virginia."-Second
Colony.-Its Fate.

CHAPTER IV. THE PLANTING OF VIRGINIA.

31

In-

The Old Virginia Charter.-Jamestown Settled.-Company
and Colony.-Character of Early Virginia Population.-Prog.
ress.-Products.-Slavery.-Agriculture the Dominant
dustry. No Town Life.-Hardships and Dissensions.-John
Smith.-New Charter.-Delaware Governor.-The "Starving

Time."-Severe Rule of Dale and Argall.-The Change of 1612.
-Pocahontas.-Indian Hostilities.-First American Legislature.
-Sir Thomas Wyatt.-Self-government.-Virginia Reflects
English Political Progress.-Dissolution of the Company.-
Charles I. and Virginia.-Harvey, Wyatt, Berkeley.-Virginia
under Cromwell.

CHAPTER V. PILGRIM AND PURITAN AT THE

NORTH

PAGE

39

The first "Independents."-John Smyth's Church at Gains-
borough.-The Scrooby Church.-Plymouth Colony.-Settles
Plymouth.-Hardships.- Growth.- Cape Ann Settlement.-
Massachusetts Bay. — Size.- Polity.- Roger Williams.— His
Views. His Exile.-Anne Hutchinson.-Rhode Island Found-
ed.-Settlement of Hartford, Windsor, Wethersfield.-Say-
brook.-New Haven.-New Hampshire.-Maine.-New Eng-
land Confederation.-Its Function.-Its Failure.

CHAPTER VI. BALTIMORE AND HIS MARYLAND 48

Sir George Calvert Plants at Newfoundland.-Is Ennobled.-
Sails for Virginia.-Grant of Maryland.-Lord Baltimore Dies.-
Succeeded by Cecil.-Government of Maryland.-Conflict with
Virginia.-Baltimore Comes to Maryland.-Religious Freedom
in the Colony.-Clayborne's Rebellion.-First Maryland As-
sembly.-Anarchy.-Romanism Established.-Baltimore and
Roger Williams.-Maryland during the Civil War in England.
-Death of Baltimore.-Character.-Maryland under the Long
Parliament.-Puritan Immigration.-Founds Annapolis.-Re-
bellion. Clayborne Again.-Maryland and the Commonwealth.
-Deposition of Governor Stone. - Anti-Catholic Laws.-Balti-
more Defied.-Sustained by Cromwell.-Fendall's Rebellion.-
Fails.-Maryland at the Restoration.

CHAPTER VII. NEW NETHERLAND

56

Henry Hudson and his Explorations.-Enters Hudson River.
-His Subsequent Career.-And His Fate.-Dutch Trade on the

Hudson. "New Netherland."-Dutch West India Company.—
Albany Begun.-New Amsterdam.—Relations with Plymouth.
-De Vries on the Delaware.-Dutch Fort at Hartford.-Con-
flict of Dutch with English.-Gustavus Adolphus.-Swedish
Beginnings at Wilmington, Delaware.-Advent of Kieft.-Mal-
treats Indians.-New Netherland in 1647.-Stuyvesant's Excel-
lent Rule.-Conquers New Sweden.-And the Indians.-Con-
quest of Dutch America by England.-"New York."-Persist-
ence of Dutch Influence and Traits.

PAGE

CHAPTER VIII. THE FIRST INDIAN WARS. 62

Beginning of Indian Hostility.-Of Pequot War.-Mason's
Strategy.-And Tactics.-Capture of Pequot Fort.-Back to Say.
brook.-Extermination of Pequot Tribe.-Peace.-Miantino-
moh and Uncas.-Dutch War with Indians.-Caused by Kieft's
Impolicy. Liquor. - Underhill Comes. Mrs. Hutchinson's
Fate.-Deborah Moody.-New Haven Refuses Aid.-Appeal to
Holland.-Underhill's Exploits.-Kieft Removed.-Sad Plight
of New Netherland.-Subsequent Hostilities and Final Peace.

-

PERIOD II

ENGLISH AMERICA TILL THE END OF
THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR

1660-1763

CHAPTER I. NEW ENGLAND UNDER THE LAST

STUARTS

. 71

Charles II. and Massachusetts.-Massachusetts about 1660.—
Its View of its Political Rights.-The King's View.-And Com-
mands.-Commission of 1664.-Why Vengeance was Delayed.-
Boldness of the Colony.-It Buys Maine.-Fails to Get New
Hampshire. The King's Rage.-The Charter Vacated.-Charles
II. and Connecticut.-Prosperity of this Colony.-Rhode Island.
-Boundary Disputes of Connecticut.-Of Rhode Island.-

George Fox and Roger Williams.-James II. King.-Andros
Governor.-Andros and Southern New England. -In Massa-
chusetts.-Revolution of 1688.-New Charter for Massachusetts.
-Defects and Merits.

PAGE

CHAPTER II. KING PHILIP'S WAR

82

Whites' Treatment of Red Men.-Indian Hatred.-Causes.-
Alexander's Death.-Philip King. -Scope of his Conspiracy.-
Murders Sausaman.— War Begun.— Nipmucks take Part
War in Connecticut Valley.- Bloody Brook.-The Swamp
Fight at South Kingston, R. I.-Central Massachusetts Aflame.
-The Rowlandson History.-S. E. Massachusetts and Rhode
Island Again.-Connecticut Valley once more Invaded.-Tur-
ner's Falls.-Philip's Death.-Horrors of the War.-Philip's
Character.-Fate of his Family.

New England Home Life.-Religion its Centre.-The Farm-
house.-Morning Devotions.- Farm Work.-Tools.-Diet.
Neighborliness.-New England Superstitions.—Not Peculiar to
New England.-Sunday Laws.-Public Worship.-First Case of
Sorcery. The Witch Executed.-Cotton Mather.-His Experi-
ments. His Book.-The Parris Children Bewitched.—The
Manifestations.-The Trial.-Executions.-George Burroughs.
-Rebecca Nurse.-Reaction.-Forwardness of Clergy-"Dev-
il's Authority.”—The End.

CHAPTER IV. THE MIDDLE COLONIES

103

English Conquest of New Netherland.-Duke of York's Gov-
ernment.-Andros.-Revolution of 1688.- Leisler.-Problems
which Teased Royal Governors.-New Jersey.-Its Political Vi-
cissitudes.—William Penn.-Character.—Liberality of Pennsyl-
vania Charter.-Penn and James II.-Penn's Services for his
Colony-Prosperity of the Latter.-Fletcher's Rule.-Gabriel
Thomas's History of Pennsylvania.-Penn's Trials—And Vic-
tory.-Delaware.