The Liberals elected numbered 27 and the Conservatives 11 and to the latter total were afterwards added the Conservatives elected in Digby and Lunenburg to replace Messrs. Wall and Maclean who resigned to go into the Federal contest. The Hon. C. P. Chisholm, Commissioner of Public Works, was defeated in Antigonish; Hon. H. S. LeBlanc and Hon. B. F. Pearson, K.C., Members without Portfolio, were also defeated; the AttorneyGeneral's colleague in Lunenburg, C. U. Mader, was defeated by J. W. Margeson. In Pictou J. M. Baillie (Cons.) was beaten and Charles E. Tanner, K.C., elected to lead his party in the next House; R. E. Finn (Lib.) was chosen by a large majority in Halifax despite the attitude of The Chronicle and Herald and Mr. Joy was defeated. Dr. Kendall and W. F. Carroll were beaten in Cape Breton by Conservatives; J. C. Tory, Liberal candidate in Guysboro, was generally regarded as a personal acquisition in the new House. Both parties expressed satisfaction-the Conservatives at winning six additional seats, defeating three Ministers, and giving a blow to Reciprocity in certain fishing counties where the Liberals were certain of success; and the Government because it had a substantial majority and a largelyincreased vote in Halifax with victory in most of the mining and industrial districts and a personal majority of 1,000 for Mr. Murray in Victoria.

Resources and
Development

wick in 1911

This year saw a new spirit of progress and optimism in New Brunswick. Great projects were of New Bruns- afoot and matters of large public policy were under discussion. The St. John Valley Railway, the Harbour works in East St. John, the Railway from Fredericton to the Queen's County coal-fields, the Grand Trunk Pacific expenditures, the C.P.R. Elevator proposal, involved sums totalling at least $20,000,000 and estimated as high as $36,000,000, of expenditure within four or five years. Sir William Mackenzie purchased 192 square miles in the oil shale areas of Albert County and it was announced that he would erect there a retorting and distillery plant such as is used in Scotland and gives employment to large numbers of men; the contract for extensive developments at St. John-ultimately awarded to the NortonGriffiths Co.-involved work on the breakwater, dredging, wharves, and a dry-dock, estimated at $8,000,000 in cost; the Kent Northern Railway, running 27 miles from Richibucto to Kent on the I.C.R., was purchased by a Toronto syndicate; at St. John itself 122 vessels cleared during 1910-11 for transatlantic ports or double those of a decade before while the tonnage of all vessels using the Port had trebled, the Exports increased by two millions a year and the Bank clearings by nearly four millions a year. The Province seemed to believe that its time had come and, to quote the St. John Standard of Dec. 16, 1911:

At the Atlantic gateway of the Dominion, on the great highway between two continents, with unrivalled forest wealth (its hardwood almost untouched), great water power, immense coal-fields, natural gas, great areas of rich oil shales and iron ores, she offers the best manufacturing sites in America. Her area, suitable for agriculture and fruitgrowing, is at least 12,000,000 of acres, of which but 4,000,000 are partially occupied. Her soil and climate produce fruit and vegetables of the highest quality and, coupled with these, nowhere is there a more pleasant land to live in an ample but not excessive rainfall, a sunshine record unexcelled anywhere in the same latitude; lakes, rivers, streams, trees, fruits and flowers which combine to make New Brunswick the land of comfort and homes.

During the year the aggregate capital of new incorporations in the Province was $8,554,100, the Clearing-house returns were $77,328,272, the total export trade (Mch. 31) was $28,273,454 and import trade $11,473,797, the total value of its Fisheries product $4,134,144. In the matter of water-power the actual total for the Province was not large but in the Grand Falls, on the St. John River, nature had provided one great water power with vast stores of spruce closely available, Sir W. C. Van Horne, during the year, secured the rights of another concern there and his Great Falls Power Co. promised to develop a large pulp and paper industry at a cost of several millions. It was stated by the St. John Standard on Nov. 18 that besides the N. B. Hydro-Electric Co. which proposed to develop 10,000 horse-power for delivery in St. John there were various projects under way at Bathurst, Aroostook Falls, Centreville, Chatham, Grand Falls, St. Stephen, and Woodstock involving an investment of $836,000 and horsepower capacity of 37,792. The Lumber cut of 1910 was 419,233,000 feet B.M. valued at $5,560,780; in 1911 various enterprises were afoot besides Sir William Van Horne's. The Eastern Canada Lumber and Construction Co., composed of New York capitalists, took over the large Prescott limits in Albert County at a cost of about $250,000. A merger of the Gibson lumber interests by which the Gibson Mills, the Partington Pulp and Paper Mills and the Cushing Lumber Mills of St. John were brought into one concern, was effected.

In this connection it was said that fortunes could be made through the by-products of lumber and a Report of United States Government experts was quoted as follows: "From this wood, by industrially developed chemical methods, the entire output of naval stores, embracing turpentine, rosin, tars, pitch, rosin spirits, and rosin oils having an annual value of at least $30,000,000, may be obtained without boxing or turpentining a single live tree. Albert County in general, and Moncton in particular, rejoiced over its findings of oil and natural gas. The town itself in 1911 showed an increase of 2,300 population since the previous Census -a large one for New Brunswick. To the Canadian Club of this town on Dec. 12th W. Leonard Palmer of the London Financial News said: "The Province possesses available water power to the

extent of 150,000 H.P., which should be a great incentive to manufacturers. You have also a seemingly unlimited supply of natural gas which, if and when, put to proper commercial use should result in great industrial developments in the district. Then, the Province, despite what has sometimes been said to the contrary, is apparently rich in minerals and the large shale deposits in Albert county, are likely of themselves to lead to considerable industrial growth." In Mining the Province had averaged half a million production; in 1910 the amount was $581,942 and in 1911 $611,597. Its resources had never been clearly indicated but were large enough to warrant greater development.

Agriculture in New Brunswick had been aided of late years by a variety of Government methods but education and enterprise were still needed amongst the farmers themselves. It was stated that the Agricultural grant had been increased $22,000 in three years but was still too small and much was hoped from the new Federal Government's policy. The Provincial Government in the meantime was encouraging pure-bred live-stock and bringing some into the country; it was also helping poultry raising. The Expert engaged in this latter connection went all over the Province and gave instructions as to the best methods to be pursued. There was no question as to the demand both locally and in Great Britain. Every effort was also made to re-awaken interest in the dairying industry, but outside of one or two localities it cannot be said that any considerable progress was made. Agricultural Societies were encouraged and had a large increase in number; assistance was given to the inspection of dairy herds for city milk supply and alfalfa growing encouraged as a source of food for dairy cattle; attendance was promoted at various Agricultural Colleges by the Department of Agriculture (Hon. D. V. Landry) and 40 students were sent out in 1910 with fares paid; apple-growing was aided by the work of the Provincial Horticulturist and the annual Fruit Show at St. John on Oct. 31, 1911, proved a revelation in the possibilities of this Provincial fruit; much encouragement was given to the Potato industry. At the meeting of the Provincial Fruit-Growers Association, on Dec. 1st, the Dominion Minister of Agriculture was urged to establish an Experimental Farm for the Province. The agricultural product of 1911 was valued at $17,000,000 as follows:

The production of barley, rye, peas, beans, etc., totalled 170,000 bushels worth $120,000. The Government continued its

effort in 1911 to encourage Immigration. Mr. Premier Hazen stated in London on June 10 that: "We have fruit lands as well as farm lands, mineral areas as well as timber lands, which only await more labour and more capital to offer every bit as good a bargain as may be found one, two or three thousand miles west of us, and, consequently, all those thousands of miles farther away from the Old Country. Moreover, owing to the number of our young men who have gone West, to take up larger farms than those owned by their fathers, there are in New Brunswick a number of small farms with clear land and well built homesteads and outbuildings which can be purchased freehold for very little money." Superintendent A. B. Wilmot reported 305 settlers in 1909 and 704 in 1910 obtained through his Immigration Offices. They were slowly coming in during the next year and on Apl. 15 Mr. Bowder, the Provincial Agent in London, brought over 118 men-chiefly farmers.

The Boston Agency of the Government was closed at the end of the year and, following the change of Government at Ottawa, vigorous suggestions were made as to altering the Federal immigration literature so as to do justice to Eastern Canada. On Dec. 19 Mr. Arthur Hawkes, the Dominion Special Commissioner on Immigration, was in St. John and a conference was held with the Premier and the Council of the Board of Trade and others and a guarantee raised by the Board of Trade to establish a branch of the Imperial Home re-Union Association which provided money to enable immigrants already in Canada to bring out their families and which was already organized in Toronto, Winnipeg and other places. At the Conference W. W. Hubbard, Secretary for Agriculture, said that 75,000 to 100,000 families could be comfortably settled in New Brunswick on the present farm lands through cultivation by the practice of intensive farming and the use of modern methods of agriculture-without exploiting any of the Crown Lands. Of 35,000 farms, averaging 145 acres each, scarcely one, he declared, was producing up to the limit.

Government
Changes, Leg-
islation, and
Political

Affairs

There was a mixing of Dominion and Provincial politics everywhere in 1911 and nowhere was this more clearly seen than in New Brunswick. The Hazen Government during its three years' administration had carried out various reforms and was apparently popular in the Province; but co-operation with the Liberal powers at Ottawa seemed difficult. Of this fact the St. John Valley Railway was one indication; the Reciprocity Agreement was to prove another. On Jan. 26 a public meeting in St. John was addressed by the Hon. J. D. Hazen and his chief lieutenant, Hon. J. K. Flemming. The Provincial Secretary took great credit for the Government's re-organization of the Provincial finances, the appointment of an independent Auditor-General and the safe-guarding of the business and funds of

the people; described at length the alleged loose methods and bad financing of the late Liberal Government and dealt elaborately with present expenditures as along lines likely to build up and develop the Province. Mr. Premier Hazen denounced in set terms the rancour and bitterness of the Opposition and the local Liberal press as guilty of gross and continuous misrepresentation. His Government in 212 years had carried out every pledge made in Opposition-independent Auditor, a new Highway Act, generous Road grants, honest collection of Crown land revenues, Bridges repaired or rebuilt in every direction, new and cheaper school books, a Pension for school teachers and the development of immigration.

The Government was proud of its financial record and the facts may be summarized here. The Report of the SurveyorGeneral (Hon. W. C. H. Grimmer) which was made public in March showed a territorial or Crown Lands revenue of $494,491 in 1910 as compared with $395,283 in 1909. The increase was said to be due to "a more systematic method in scaling of the logs upon which stumpage was charged." Of stumpage dues the collection in 1907 under the Robinson Government had been $180,135 upon exports of 355,000,000 feet of lumber; in 1910 the figures were, respectively, $330,360 and 327,000,000 feet. Later figures showed a territorial revenue for the year 1911 totalling $529,823 of which $367,641 came from stumpage dues. The total Receipts for the year ending Oct. 30, 1909, were $1,259,826, for 1910 $1,324,440, and for 1911 $1,347,077; the total Expenditures were, respectively, $1,255,381, $1,317,876 and $1,403,546. In 1911 there was a small deficit for which an additional expenditure upon Bridge repairs-$162,524 in 1910 and $236,128 in 1911-was said to be responsible.

The chief items of revenue in this latter year were the Dominion Subsidy of $621,360 and the Territorial revenue of $529,660, with $48,278 from taxes on incorporated companies, $46,631 from Liquor licenses and $25,089 from the Provincial Hospital. The Expenditures included $46,624 upon Agriculture, $270,655 upon Education, $245,193 upon Interest, $415,761 upon Public Works. There were, also, special Receipts from two Bank loans of $475,802 and $310,221 in amount, expended in part upon Permanent Bridges ($156,028), International Railway subsidy ($56,300), New Brunswick Coal and Railway Co. ($102,763), and the redemption of $87,500 worth of debentures and re-payment of a Bank loan of $268,314. The Government claimed that Bridge work had been neglected by the Liberal Government and that in 1907 the expenditure was only $94,000 as compared with the current total of $236,000 and that they had also increased payments on Agriculture by $13,423 in that period, on Education by $55,762 and on Public Works by $185,944.