cona, $7,000 from Mrs. E. Rosenburg and $2,500 from S. M. Brookfield; at Regina $50,000 was raised. Public Incidents of the Year-Orange Order. Feb. 15.-Dealing with the Eucharistic Congress of 1910 the Grand Master of British Columbia (Rev. R. J. McIntyre) embodies utterances at all the Grand Lodges as follows: "Within the last twelve months we have been called to witness a sight which could not have been seen in France or Spain and which was by law prohibited in the Motherland. The nation presents the spectacle of bending the knee to the representative of a Church which claims superiority over the State. The whole affair seems to have been conceived and carried out by Roman authority for the purpose of magnifying and glorifying the Roman Catholic religion and at the same time discrediting and disparaging the Protestant religion in the eyes of the masses." 8. The Grand Lodge of Ontario West at Barrie passes a Resolution in favour of (1) the entire abolition of all bi-lingual schools in this Province; (2) the elimination of all sectarian teaching in the public schools of the Province either before, during, or after, any teaching session of the schools, except such as is laid down in the curriculum prepared by the Department of Education. Mar. Mar. 15. In all the Grand Lodge meetings vigorous denunciation of Reciprocity is heard and the following from the address of the Grand Master, D. D. Ellis of Saskatchewan, is typical: "The ratification of the Agreement means Annexation just as surely as did the more open movement of twenty years ago and it is a question in which I am certain true Canadians will feel above party affiliations and stand steadfast by Canada and the Empire." June 5. In the Orange Sentinel A. G. Ellis, Provincial Grand Secretary of the Order in Quebec, appeals to Protestants everywhere to save Quebec" from the control of the Catholic Hierarchy and the influence of Rome. June 27.-Addressing the Black Chapter of British America the Grand Master-Thomas Gilday of Quebec-says: "With no man have we any quarrel as long as he does not attempt to secure any special favours or privileges in state affairs through the influences of any Church. With man's creed we make no interference, leaving it to his conscience and his God. The upholding of the Protestant religion, the unity of the Empire, maintenance of the Crown and an open Bible, is our religion." 66 June 29.-The Grand Lodge of British America meeting at Winnipeg receives a Report from its Correspondence Committee dealing with the Ne Temere Decree as a 'heart-wrenching and homewrecking measure" and urging support of other Protestant organizations in having legislation introduced making it possible to treat the Roman Catholic priests who dare to put their hands on the marriage laws of Canada as criminals and have them, after process of a fair trial and conviction, consigned to penal servitude as a fitting punishment." 66 June 30.-The Grand Lodge of British America unanimously adopts the following Federal Platform for the Orangemen of Canada: ' (1) The entire separation of Church and State; (2) Opposition to any interference of the Dominion Government with the different Provinces in educational affairs; (3) The resistance of any further special privileges to any section of the population of the Dominion either on account of race or religion and the elimination of any special privileges which they now possess except those included in the Confederation compact; (4) Opposition to any extension of lingual privileges beyond those conferred by the B.N.A. Act; (5) The maintenance of British connection and the support of any movement which tends to make closer and more binding the relations between Canada, Newfoundland and the Mother-Country; (6) A closer supervision of all new settlers and the encouragement of suitable white emigration from the British Isles, the United States and Northern Europe; (7) A Federal marriage law recognizing the validity of marriages performed by qualified clergymen of every denomination, or other persons vested by the law with that power, and the enactment of criminal penalties against persons using their influence to separate legally married couples by questioning the validity of marriages performed in accordance with the provisions of this law; (8) Government inspection of all religious, educational, and charitable institutions and the inspection of the books of all institutions receiving aid from the public treasury." Dec. 31.-The heads of the Orange Order in Canada-elected and acting during 1911 were as follows: Institution. Grand Lodge of British Ontario Lieut.-Col. J. H. Scott.. Walkerton. . Harry Lovelock Toronto. Ontario America . Winnipeg. . Cochrane. Saskat . Fleming. Victoria. Feb. Apl. Ladies Orange Benevo- Loyal True Blue Associa- Loyal Orange Young Bri- of William I. Cole.. Gordon Black . Joseph McGill Grand Black Chapter of Cannington. Toronto. . Deloraine, Man. Dr. A. J. Hunter.......Orangeville. Joseph Batten G. J. Grimason. R. W. Birch. Prentice Boys Association. Harry Sellen Peterborough. Victoria. Roland. Public Incidents of the Year-Women's Work. 6. An open letter from Mrs. Harriet H. Bullock, President of the Quebec Province Women's Suffrage Association, and addressed to the Royal Commission on Technical Education, is made public. In it the organization of trade schools is urged so as to give young women another alternative to domestic service. 3. The Montreal Women's Club celebrates its 19th anniversary and in an address Mrs. W. H. Weller says: "Women are the natural conservers of life while to man has been assigned the part of caring for the externals and accessories of life-a division which cannot be changed by human law or custom. Do you think that the element of motherhood is the force which you can best afford to exclude, to ignore, in the communal or the civic life?" Apl. 10.-The Rt. Hon. Sir Joseph Ward, Premier of New Zealand, in addressing a women suffrage gathering in Toronto says that the policy in his country has, since its acceptance in 1898, been most successful. The only limitation is that women cannot sit in Parliament. "Since the granting of the franchise a great many laws, which were blots on the statute book, have been removed and others have been passed which have gone far, not only to elevate the position of woman, but to protect or support her in every condition and age. Men alone could never have effected such laws as that for the preservation of infant life which has resulted in the institution of a band of trained women-nurses who are paid by the State to go from home to home, helping inexperienced young mothers. The State furnishes medical attendance at births in the families of the poor, and in the case of working-women furnishes them with money for the necessaries of life until they are able to return to work." May 5.-The Provincial Political Equality League holds its first Convention at Victoria, B.C., elects Mrs. Gordon Grant President and hears Senator Cottrell of Washington, U.S., say that in every state or country where women had been given the vote they had used it well. May 18.-The Hon. I. B. Lucas, M.L.A., of the Ontario Government, tells a Toronto audience that "When a substantial majority of the women of Canada declare themselves in favour of the franchise no Government could have any reason, selfish or otherwise, for refusing it. I am convinced that when public opinion is in favour of it the women will receive it." Oct. 13.-Mrs. McKinney, President of the W.C.T.U. of Alberta and Saskatchewan, speaks at a Calgary Convention as follows: "Women's franchise means home protection. In this age it is no longer possible for women to protect their homes from within. They must go outside and the best way for them to accomplish this protection is by the ballot." Dec. Oct. 25.-During the Dominion Convention of the W.C.T.U. held at Sherbrooke the following Resolution is passed: "That each Provincial Union begin an active campaign for women's enfranchisement, demanding the ballot because women are citizens." 4. The Toronto Local Council of Women makes public a platform demanding (1) separate trials for women in the Police Courts and to which the male public shall not be admitted; (2) the compulsory establishment of Juvenile Courts in all parts of the Province; (3) the provision of adequate gaols in cities and counties; (4) the establishment of prison farms for women with proper opportunities to be trained in farming, in dairy and domestic work and in the, raising of vegetables, fruit and poultry; (5) Provincial Government segregation and care of feeble-minded persons and medical inspection of school children throughout the Province; (6) the right of women to hold homesteads and to vote on the same conditions as men and to serve as magistrates and on juries; (7) the employment of female physicians in connection with certain kinds of criminal cases and female policemen in regard to immoral conditions and regulation in cities. Dec. 8. The Canadian Suffrage Association issues a statement in Toronto that it represents, through the National Council of Women and the W.C.T.U. Associations, over 1,000,000 Canadian women who desire the franchise. Dec. 12.-Mrs. Pankhurst addresses a mass-meeting in Toronto and is the guest of a Woman's Suffrage Association banquet at which an address is presented to Dr. Augusta Stowe-Gullen, the pioneer woman in Canadian medicine, school board work, and suffrage advocacy. Dec. 13.-A Civic Reception and Address is tendered at Victoria, B.C., to Miss Agnes Deans Cameron, the Canadian traveller in the far North and voluminous writer upon Canadian development. Dec. 16.-Mrs. Pankhurst, the English Suffragette, addresses an enthusiastic audience of 2,000 people in Winnipeg. She defines the British situation: "Women are now in a state of civil war with the Government. They are withholding their consent from a Government which has been imposed on them without their consent. Government rests on the consent of the governed. Voters can withhold their consent by voting against the established form of government. But those who are without the vote are forced to other ways much more clumsy and objectionable." Dec. 20.-Mrs. Pankhurst addresses in Victoria, B.C., the Political Equality League, the Women's Canadian Club and the Alexandra Club; at Montreal (Dec 11) she addressed a large, attentive and eventually interested audience where she advised the women of Canada not to let their new Premier “remain in such a comfortable state" as his predecessor; she spoke at Toronto on Dec. 12th and at Port Arthur and Fort William on the 15th. Dec. 23.-Edwina Lloyd writes the Toronto Mail protesting against Women Suffrage on the ground that it would introduce emotionalism and impulse into government; indefinitely increase ecclesiastical power; bring social ideas and pressure into legal administration; promote too sudden and drastic changes in public affairs; soften too greatly the military and criminal codes. Dec. 31.-The following are the Presidents of some of the chief Women's organizations in Canada-apart from the Women's Canadian Clubs which are given elsewhere-elected and acting, during 1911: National Council of Wo- Mrs. F. H. Torrington.....Toronto. Mrs. F. McDonald Denison. Toronto. Women's Canadian His- torical Society, Ottawa..Mrs. Thomas Ahearn......Ottawa. Montreal Local Council of Women Toronto Local Council of Miss Carrie Derrick Mrs. A. M. Huestis.. Toronto. Montreal. Montreal Women's Club... Mrs. N. C. Smillie. tian Temperance Union. . Mrs. Gordon Wright ......London. Toronto Business Wo men's Club Canadian Women's Press Canadian Women's Press British Columbia Political Miss Mary Lean... .Toronto. .Mrs. Nellie C. McClung....Winnipeg. Miss Marjorie MacMurchy. Toronto. Mrs. Margaret Gordon Mrs. A. E. Gooderham .Victoria. ... .Toronto. Toronto. Victorian Order of Nurses.. Miss Mackenzie (Supt.)....Ottawa. IV. CANADIAN RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT General Conditions and Progress during the Year There could be no question as to the bounding development of Canada in 1911. British money was still pouring into the country (about $200,000,000 a year) although there were some signs of reaction; United States money was brought in by agricultural immigrants in large quantities although the Elections caused a check in the establishment of new industrial enterprises by American interests; the Census showed an increase of 1,800,000 in population since 1901 though this was somewhat out of proportion to the greater growth of wealth, production and financial activities; the circulation of Dominion notes increased by 10 million dollars and of Bank notes by 9 millions over 1910; the deposits in Chartered Banks grew by $77,000,000 and the National revenue by $16,000,000; the tonnage of vessels arriving and departing increased 12,000,000 and the total trade by $76,000,000; the Bank clearing-house returns increased over $800,000,000 and the money spent on new buildings in 13 Western towns by $22,000,000; the number of new incorporated Companies in 1910-11 was 544 with a capitalization of $458,415,800 and an increased capital for other Companies of $24,715,600. In the West the prices of land went up steadily-in many cases too much so as speculation came in to exact its undue profits from legitimate and stable growth. Hudson's Bay lands had grown from an average of $2.93 in 1893 to $8.78 in 1908; in 1910 the price was $13.36 and in 1911 $14.00. The C.P.R. lands, latterly, remained almost unchanged in price. In the neighbourhood of growing villages and small towns, where the expectation of being cities in a few years was an assured element in Western optimism, there was no limit to the prices of land and in even larger places such as Winnipeg, Saskatoon, Regina, Calgary and Edmonton the sale of "suburban properties" went to an extreme which was regrettable although the ill effects were not yet visible. The receipt by 1,300,000 people of $175,000,000 for one year's crop and annual product; the fact of Winnipeg having become the grain-distributing centre of the Continent; the continued construction of two transcontinental railways through its territory with new branches also and C.P.R. extensions into many parts of the country at a cost of about $50,000,000 a year; the fact that only 7 per cent. of the available land was yet taken up with, on Jan. 1st, 1910, 43,355,311 acres still available for homesteading; the continued influx of money for investment (about $30, |