system of technical instruction; that manufacturers were earnestly willing to co-operate. The 1st Congress of the Co-Operative Union of Canada was held at Ottawa on Sept. 4th with President Samuel Carter of Guelph in the chair. It was decided to obtain incorporation and to appoint an experienced organizer; 9 Canadian Societies were reported with net profits for the year of $36,594; an address was given by A. C. Wieland of the British Co-Operative Wholesale Co. Mr. Carter was re-elected President and G. Keene, Hon. Secretary and Editor of the Canadian Co-Operator. Before a meeting of the Industrial Peace Association, Vancouver, in October Mr. F. C. Wade, K.C., gave a number of important figures as to strikes in various countries. According to his quotation of the United States Bureau of Labour the total loss to employees and workmen from this cause in 1881-1900 was $468,968,000 and the average individual wage loss was $2,194. International Labour relations were of the usual public interest during the year-a Special Committee of the American Federation of Labour, at its St. Louis meeting, reporting that the Trades and Labour Congress of Canada would "have the sole right to speak and act for organized labour, in all political and legislative matters in the Dominion and all of its Provinces "; that autonomy in trade matters would be preserved and the Canadian organization issue its own charters to subordinate bodies. The arrest at Indianapolis of the McNamaras on Apl. 22 charged with killing 112 people and blowing up 69 buildings, their trial, the collection of funds for defence in Canada as well as the United States, the support of many Canadian Labour unions and the confession of Dec. 1st, all created great interest in Canada. It may be added that on Mch. 31, 1910, there were 1,752 trades unions or local Labour organizations in Canada of which 1,520 were affiliated with international bodies and 232 were of national character. Militia Affairs Year; The The Canadian Militia experienced some important developments during 1911 of which not the least was a change of Ministers for the first time in 15 years. Whatever the criticisms of Sir Frederick Borden from a political standpoint may have been the Militia had grown during his term of office from 1,346 officers and 16,547 non-commissioned officers and men in training, with 1,125 horses, in 1896 to 3,360 officers, 38,015 noncommissioned officers and men, with 7,997 horses, in 1910. In the Minister's Report for Mar. 31, 1911, it was announced that a re-organization of the Militia would take place in accordance with General Sir John French's recommendation and along the following lines: "The units hitherto included in ten of the Military Districts comprised within the four higher Commands in Eastern Canada will be grouped into six Divisions and four Cavalry Brigades; a Commander, with a Divisional Staff, will be appointed to each of the six divisions and will also command any other troops serving within the limits of the Divisional Areas which will be prescribed; a certain number of administrative officers will also be attached to each Divisional Staff to administer the Services and Departments; each Divisional Commander will be directly under Militia Headquarters thereby eliminating the delays necessarily occurring under the old system of correspondence through the Command offices with the various Military Districts; the three Military Districts in the West will remain, at present, unchanged." In this Report Sir F. Borden stated the total strength of the Permanent Corps on Mch. 31 at 3,079 officers and men of whom 1,275 were stationed at Halifax, 402 at Quebec, 333 at Kingston, 318 at Toronto, 150 at Esquimalt, 123 at Ottawa, 115 at London, 113 at St. Jean, P.Q., and 110 at Winnipeg. At this date, also, there were 263 Cadet Units in the Dominion with 442 Cadet Companies of the latter 129 were in Ontario, 170 in Quebec, 50 in Nova Scotia, 41 in Alberta, 18 in Manitoba and the rest scattering. The numbers inspected in 1911 were 14,523 of whom Winnipeg was headquarters for 2,136, Montreal for 5,754, Toronto for 1,913, Kingston for 1,408, Halifax for 1,326 and Calgary for 928. The Province of Quebec came first with 6,154 in number as compared with 2,293 in Ontario. The Militia expenditure of the fiscal year was $7,049,711 (as compared with $5,921,313 in 1909-10) and the chief items were $1,089,693 on annual drill, $373,960 on clothing and necessaries, $280,033 on the Dominion arsenal, $353,965 on Engineer services, $1,512,905 for Ordnance, Arms, Lands, etc., $1,845,386 for pay of Permanent Force and supplies, $334,548 on stores. The chief increases over 1909-10 were in the cost of the annual drill, $293,085; $143,883 paid for Customs dues as against $36,695 in the previous year; $65,000 in grants to Regimental armouries-a new item; $212,934 additional for Ordnance, etc.; a doubling of the cost of salaries and wages by $73,196. The appointments as finally completed in the Divisional areas and the command of Brigades for the year 1911 were as follows: Commanders. Lieut.-Col. R. McEwen. .Lieut.-Col. A. Weir. Lieut.-Col. N. A. Bartlett. .Lieut.-Col. A. T. Thompson. .Lieut.-Col. E. W. Wilson. Lieut.-Col. O. E. Talbot. Lieut.-Col. L. N. Laurin. .Lieut.-Col. E. F. Wurtele. Lieut.-Col. M. B. Edwards. . Lieut.-Col. J. D. B. F. Mackenzie. .Lieut.-Col. W. Letcher. Lieut.-Col. W. Wallace. .Lieut.-Col. A. F. McRae. Lieut.-Col. W. H. Merritt. Lieut.-Col. R. Brown. .Lieut.-Col. R. E. W. Turner, v.C., D.S.O. Lieut. Col. Charles A. Smart. Lieut.-Col. E. A. C. Hosmer. .Lieut.-Col. A. B. Petrie. . Lieut.-Col. B. A. Ingraham. Lieut.-Col. W. A. Grant. .Lieut.-Col. J. J. Penhale. .Lieut.-Col. E. W. B. Morrison, D.S.O. Lieut.-Col. J. B. Robinson. ..Lieut.-Col. N. F. MacNachtan. The various Camps called for annual drill and instructions during the summer of 1911 were held and commanded as follows: Goderich, Colonel W. E. Hodgins; Niagara, General W. H. Cotton; Kingston, Colonel T. Benson; Petawawa, Lieut.-Col. H. E. Burstall; Farnham, Lieut.-Col. R. E. W. Turner, v.c.; Lévis, Colonel O. C. C. Pelletier; Sussex, Colonel W. H. Humphrey; Aldershot (Artillery), Lieut.-Col. J. A. Mowbray; Aldershot, Brig.-General C. W. Drury; Sewell, Colonel S. B. Steele; Kamloops, Colonel R. L. Wadmore; Calgary, Lieut.-Col. E. A. Cruikshank. Camps were also arranged for Charlottetown and Three Rivers. The authorized establishment at this time was 60,181 officers, non-commissioned officers and men as compared with 57,684 in 1910; the number trained was 3,505 officers and 41,205 non-commissioned officers and men as compared with 3,360 and 38,015, respectively, in 1910. A large percentage of the rank and file were first-year men owing to the increased difficulty of getting men to carry out their three-year obligation. At many of the Camps there was a distinct shortage in the attendance of the rural corps. The Toronto Globe put the situation in Ontario as follows on June 15: "The failure of the officers of the rural corps to secure recruits enough in their own districts to complete the regimental strength means that the young men of Ontario are either too busy to attend camp in the summer or are entirely indifferent to their country's claim upon them." This paper favoured as an alternative the scattering of several hundred |