That proper regulations should be issued by the Government of the Dominion of Canada insisting that where a Foreign flag or ensign is displayed or used, either upon a flag-pole, private residence, vehicle, or in any other manner or place whatsoever, within this Dominion, by any person or persons except the accredited representative of a Foreign Government, a Union Jack of equal size and make shall also be hoisted or displayed therewith at the same time and place and that the Union Jack shall always be placed in the most prominent position on every such occasion.

Mr. Beattie dealt with the constant use of the American flag in Canada and his motion was warmly supported by G. V. White, J. W. Daniel, A. C. Macdonell, A. S. Goodeve, T. G. Wallace, W. S. Middlebro, Glen Campbell, W. R. Smyth, G. H. Bradbury, J. W. Edwards, A. B. Crosby, E. Paquet, J. E. Armstrong, W. B. Nantel-all well known Conservatives. It was opposed by E. M. Macdonald (Lib.) not as to policy but as to phraseology and detail; by D. B. Neely (Lib.) as unnecessary and embarrassing. Mr. Pugsley, Minister of Public Works, stated that a beginning had been made in respect to public buildings and that many of the Provinces were taking action as to schools; he liked the idea of regulation but considered its full application impossible. Mr. Fielding, Minister of Finance, regretted that Canadians did not make more use of their own flag, but thought the Government had no power to make the suggested regulations. The vote (upon adjournment) was a party one of 49 for and 89 against. Certain charges against Adelard Lanctot, Liberal member of the House from Richelieu, had meanwhile been under consideration by the Committee on Privileges and Elections and the Report of the Liberal majority of that body (15 to 10) was submitted on Apl. 27th by W. M. German. The original allegations made by P. E. Blondin (Cons.) were that Mr. Lanctot had in 1908-9-10 improperly used Government property and employed Government labour in constructing a house for himself at Sorel and the decision summarized by Mr. German was that if Mr. Blondin had made proper inquiries he would not and should not have submitted these charges and that the evidence disproved any wrongdoing on Mr. Lanctot's part. The facts, separated from a mass of verbiage, seem to be that Lanctot used the material and employed the workmen and, after a prolonged interval, indemnified the Government. Mr. F. D. Monk (Cons.) moved that the Report be not accepted, and that the Report of the Minority in the Committee declaring Mr. Lanctot's action a contravention of the Independence of Parliament Act be substituted. After a prolonged party debate the majority Report was accepted by 98 to 56. Parliament adjourned on May 18 with supplies granted up to Sept. 1st; it met on July 18 when various subjects were debated on the Opposition initiative and Reciprocity duly obstructed. Dissolution followed on July 29th. The chief appointments of the Laurier Government in 1911 were as follows:

Farm, Calgary

Senator Philippe Roy.

Amédée Emmanuel Forget. .. Joseph Marcellin Wilson. Benjamin C. Prowse.

W. C. McKellican.

Commissioner of Dominion Parks (Ottawa) James Bernard Harkin.
Chief Superintendent of Dominion Parks

Howard Douglas.
W. A. Found.
Andrew Strang.
..C. C. Schneider.

Retirement of
the Laurier
Government;
Accession of
Mr. Borden
to Power

. Commander W. B. Macdonald, R.N.

Commissioner A. B. Perry, C.M.G.
G. B. Monserratt.

J. H. Grisdale.

E. H. Peters, D.L.S., C.E.

Hon. Charles Marcil, M.P.

Hon. James Kirkpatrick Kerr, K.C.

With the announcement of the Electoral decision of Sept. 21 a mandate came to Mr. Borden, clear and unmistakable, and all that was left for Sir Wilfrid Laurier, after 15 years of Premiership in a greatly-growing nation, was to retire from office. Many were the tributes paid to him, personally_by his opponents, politically and personally by his supporters. The Toronto Globe (Sept. 30) in dealing with " the proud record of the retiring Government" and the last 15 years of "unprecedented achievement and progress" said: "How much of this wonderful development is attributed to the Grand Old Man who has been the directing genius will never be adequately known. His intense national enthusiasm, his ambitious dreams for the greater Canada, his jealous guarding of his country's good name, and his unwearying activity and energy in all that made for Canadian weal, were the characteristics that burned themselves into the conception of all who came into close contact with him." A strong appeal went up from the Liberal press that he should retain the leadership of the Party, weld it together for a fresh start, and enable it to meet the difficult conditions of the next few years. On Sept. 25th it was announced that Sir Wilfrid would be Leader of the new Opposition. There were, also, newspaper rumours that he would shortly be offered the Presidency of the Hague Tribunal and suggestions from Conservatives as well as from other sources that he should be appointed High Commissioner in London.

While the Government was winding up its Departmental business there was talk in Conservative circles and papers as to matters being disposed of which should have been held over for the new Administration. The Ottawa correspondent of the Toronto *NOTE.-In succession to William Saunders, LL.D.. retired after many years'

service.

News (Oct. 3) gave the details as follows: " There are three sets of contracts to which it is trying to commit its victorious successors. These are (1) the Quebec terminal matter, $745,000 with a total expenditure of two millions; (2) the St. John, N.B., dredging contracts at Courtenay Bay with an original appropriation of twelve millions of which $5,000,000 has been voted; (3) the Intercolonial extensions which will involve very large sums. It was stated that the incoming Government would repudiate such contracts. The first one only appears to have been completedfor which, it was asserted, tenders had been invited on the day of Dissolution and the Order-in-Council passed on Sept. 27th. The explanation of Mr. Graham, Minister of Railways, was that "the money was voted; tenders were regularly called for; and the lowest of them had been adopted. For three or four years we have been arranging for the site of this depot, and it has involved extensive negotiations with the City of Quebec, with private property owners, and with the railway people." There could, he thought, be no adequate reason for not putting it through. The Premier tendered the resignation of his Government to H.E. Lord Grey on Oct. 6th. Mr. Borden was sent for by His Excellency, and asked for a few days in which to arrange his Cabinet.

Meantime the Conservative Leader had been the busiest, most sought after, and discussed man in all Canada. Enthusiastic politicians of every kind sought Ottawa as a kind of Mecca; Provincial Premiers and Conservative leaders in various Provinces were invited in conference; deputations urging the selection of this or that favourite for Cabinet position swarmed into the city; myriads of letters filled with advice, suggestion, and opinions, poured in upon the coming Premier. On Sept. 26 the capital gave Mr. Borden an enthusiastic public reception on his arrival from Halifax, with the Union Jack everywhere visible and with cheering crowds in the streets, where a hundred men drew his carriage for three miles at the head of a long procession. Sir James Whitney was the first to be called in council and it was afterwards understood that he had declined the Ministry of Justice. In the newspapers Cabinet-making was the favourite occupation for at least two weeks with the general admission that Messrs. George E. Foster, G. H. Perley, F. D. Monk, Robert Rogers, and Frank Cochrane would be members. Aside from these, and the others afterwards selected who were more or less mentioned in the press, it was generally supposed that Messrs. Whitney of Ontario, Roblin of Manitoba, McBride of British Columbia and Hazen of New Brunswick, could have Portfolios if they cared to take them. Others suggested were Andrew Broder, J. E. Armstrong, Hugh Clark, A. C. Macdonell, Dr. T. S. Sproule, Haughton Lennox, Major J. A. Currie, S. Sharpe, W. F. Cockshutt, W. B. Northrup, W. A. Middlebro of Ontario; R. S. Lake, A. S. Goodeve, R. B. Bennett and C. A. Magrath from the West; O. S. Crocket and

J. W. Daniel from the Maritime Provinces. As to Quebec the guesswork included Henri Bourassa, Rodolphe Forget, R. H. Pope, H. B. Ames, T. Chase Casgrain, L. T. Marechal and those finally chosen. Sir W. C. Van Horne was frequently suggested for the Ministry of Railways. Sir Hugh Graham was again suggested for the High Commissionership in London. On Oct. 10th the Ministry was announced and sworn in by the Governor-General as follows:

Minister of Inland Revenue and Mines... Hon. Wilfrid Bruno Nantel.

Mr. Borden thus became Prime Minister with a nation behind him on one broad general principle and with the respect and personal liking of almost everyone in a far-flung community. During his years of Opposition leadership he had first won the confidence of his followers in Parliament, then the confidence of his party throughout the country, then the confidence of the people as a whole. To do all this within a few years of time-as public life goes was in itself a remarkable record; to defeat a presumably popular policy and a powerfully-intrenched Government under conditions which seemed at first sight to be hopeless had been an almost spectacular event. To attain such success after a political career of only 15 years was, of course, evidence of the possession of very clear-cut personal qualities; some of which, however, only a call to the highest responsibilities could fully impress upon the public mind.

Sir Wilfrid Laurier with all his rich reserves of personal magnetism and high oratorical ability was sixteen years in public life before attaining the Leadership of his Party and it was nine years more before the people made him Premier in 1896. It was in this latter year that Mr. Borden had entered Parliament from

Halifax and, in a quiet, observant, non-aggressive study of the political situation coupled with recurrent evidence of capacity as a cool, clear, and convincing debater, he sat for five years amid the wreckage of the great Conservative party which had so long ruled Canada. On Feb. 6, 1901, Sir Charles Tupper retired from the Conservative leadership in which he had spent this same period in the ungrateful and onerous task of re-organization and reconstruction and the Party in Parliament found that the most available, the most personally popular and respected member of the Opposition then in the House of Commons was Mr. Borden. He had been unanimously elected Leader and the country had awaked in a night to the fact of a new personality in politics, a new and almost unknown force in public life.

Mr. Borden's career up to this time had been progressive, uneventful and prosperous. Reputation had come to him in the legal profession which he had entered in 1878 and in which he had risen to some wealth, to the Presidency of the Nova Scotia. Bar Association, to a King's Councillorship and several University degrees. Politically he had not up to 1896 been either active, interested, or prominent. Born in 1854 and reared amidst the beautiful scenes of the Land of Evangeline, imbibing from his ancestors and their memories the principles of the Loyalists who had left the Thirteen Colonies for a new soil and an old flag when the Revolution occurred, it was not unnatural that he should hold British sentiments with a considerable though reserved strength. Nor was it unnatural that he should leave the Liberal party with which he was at first nominally identified when, in 1891, it adopted the policy of Unrestricted Reciprocity with the United States and was defeated. It is one of the curiosities of Canadian politics that a man born in the year when the first and only Reciprocity Treaty was negotiated, who left his Party upon a still wider Reciprocity issue should, within a limited number of years, lead another party to victory against a new variation of the old policy.

The new Cabinet was, of course, not exactly what any one person or paper had expected; there were the inevitable men of capacity and public service, who could not all be included; there were those selected who were not and could not be acceptable to their political opponents. Mr. Borden, with his sweeping majority in Ontario, with the help given by so many Liberals in fighting Reciprocity, with the claims of his Nationalist supporters in Quebec, had faced a difficult task-a position which the Liberal press naturally did not attempt to lighten. The Liberal 18 of Toronto, and Liberal support generally, were recognized in the appointment of Mr. White-one which only a few ultra-strong Conservatives could object to and which the country, as a whole, approved. The Nationalists were recognized in the appointment of Messrs. Monk,