politic, was a being unknown to the history of Republics. So soon as emancipation was accomplished, the tendency would inevitably be towards the retention of the freedman by the land owner, and his permanent fixture to the soil. What would happen then in a State like South Carolina, Mississippi or Louisiana, where the Negro race predominated, would be what had happened in Mexico. Even in the States of Georgia, Alabama and Florida, where mercenary white men might unite their fortunes with the black race it was possible that the whites would lose their ascendancy. The movement of the emancipated Negroes would be towards the Gulf States. White immigrants would loathe a line of march in which they would be doomed to such fellowship: and thus the fairest part of the South would be given up to the political power of the Negro. This political power would step by step acquire social power, and whether within or without the bond of wedlock, would finally blast the cotton producing region with a race of hybrids. How many years would be necessary for such a result to be reached could only be surmised; but certain it was that in less than half a century the Castilian Vice Kingdom of New Spain had cut loose from its typical white man's Government, and had become a Republic incapable of self-protection.

To the soldiers of the South, it appeared that in this beautiful but accursed land Nature had vindicated her physiological law of race. It was said by HORACE -"Naturam expellas furca, tamen usque recurret.” You may turn nature out of doors with violence, but she will still return. The diminution of the whites removed the source from which the Mulatto received

his light shade, and the whole array of colors, Mulatto, Mestizo, Quadroon, Creole, Sambo, and Chino, were now reverting to the prevailing color, the copper of the Indian.

When Mr. CANNING made his celebrated boast in Parliament that he had created the Republics of Mexico and Peru, Columbia, Bolivia, and the Argentine, he did not consider that it was beyond his power to create races, and that he was simply giving the inhabitants an opportunity to return to the Indian type. The incorporation of all races into the body politic of these republics, and the breaking down of all social barriers, simply turned back the hand of time three hundred years on the dial. The recognition by England of those mongrel nations should have been styled-" a recognition "of the return of the New World to the aboriginal "Indian population, from whom no good have ever 66 come, and from whom nothing but evil could be ex"pected." Would not the same physiological law hold good in the Gulf States? When the negro shall have prevailed in the cotton section, and familiarity shall have broken down the social barriers between the races; when the half-breeds shall have become so numerous as to absorb every vestige of political power; and when the pure whites shall have removed to States in which they may be ruled and taxed by men of their own color and race, will not the hybrids revert rapidly to the purer negro type, and thus through successive generations the last drop of Anglo-Saxon blood be swallowed up in the African? Such has been the history of Mexico; why might such not be the history of South Carolina?

Was it to be hoped that the danger would be averted by the supply of new material furnished the Anglo

Saxon by the more Northern States? On the contrary, the negroes would become massed in the cottongrowing region, and their numbers would increase far more by concentration than the whites could increase by infiltration from the North. After a few generations, it was reasonable to believe, nay, absolutely certain, that the hybrids of the Gulf States would exhibit qualities identical with those of the mixed races of Mexico.

Impoverished, haughty, uneducated, defiant, bigoted, disputatious, without financial credit, beaten in arms, far behind the age in mechanical progress or social civilization, and loaded with debt, Mexico presented the miserable spectacle of a nation without nationality, of no distinct race, and reposing honor and confidence in worthless military leaders. The people found themselves oppressed by those whom they caressed, a republic with all the essential features of a military despotism, a lawless nation which would be more serviceable to the human race were it to revert once more to that aboriginal race which at least built the halls of the Montezumas.

Would not such be the fate of the fairest territory of her Anglo-Saxon sister, when four millions of uneducated negroes and mulattoes, incapable of reading the ballots which they cast for military chieftains, assume to legislate for the Anglo-Saxon race, to hold the balance of power in Presidential elections, and to guide the civilization of the 19th century as PHETON attempted to guide the chariot of the sun when he was wrecked on the deserts of Africa?

CHAPTER XI.

William L. Yancey and the Montgomery District-The Alabama Democratic Resolutions of 1848-General Cass and the States-Rights Party-The Nashville Convention and Defeat of the Secessionists-The Compromise Measures of Clay-Triumph of the Union Party all over the South-Defent of Governors Seabrook and Quitman-The Georgia Resolutions-Union Leaders and Sentiment in Alabama, &c., &c.

"Two great powers that will not live together are in our midst, tugging at each other's throats. They will search each other out though you separate them a hundred times. And if by an insane blindness you· shall contrive to put off the issue and send their unsettled dispute down to your children, it will go down gathering volume and strength at every step, to waste and desolate their heritage. Let it be settled now. Clear the place. Bring in the champions. Let them put their lances in rest for the charge. Sound the trumpet, and God save the right!"

HENRY WARD BEECHER.

"We confess that we intend to trample under foot the Constitution of this country. Daniel Webster says 'you are a law-abiding people,' that the glory of New England is that it is a law-abiding community.' Shame on it if this be true; if even the religion of New England sinks as low as its statute book. But I say we are not a law-abiding community. God be thanked for it."

WENDELL PHILLIPS, March, 1849.

The conquest of Mexico, and the eagerness with which the notables of that country embraced the idea of annexation to the United States, led to the hope in the Southern mind, that not only Texas and a part of Mexican territory, but the entire republic, might be acquired as a result of the war. General QUITMAN hastened to Washington and laid before the President a plan for permanent occupation of the country. The