courage in battle. The remains of Captain Speed and Lieutenants Wallace and Safford were conveyed to Michigan, but the other officers sleep with the brave non-commissioned officers and privates who fell that day, in the cemetery in which a grateful nation will erect a mausoleum to perpetuate the memories of its defenders.

Lieutenant-Colonel Flanigan lost his left leg, and his conduct in battle was daring and gallant. Major E. B. Wight acquitted himself in the most creditable manner and remained at his post until forced by his wound to leave the field. Both of these officers were universally respected. Captain Rexford was wounded early. His conduct was gallant and conspicuous. Captain Hutchinson received a severe contusion in the groin early in the day but remained with his company and behaved very gallantly. Captain Edwards displayed great coolness and courage, and deserves honorable mention. Captain Dillon commanded his company with skill and behaved very handsomely. Captain W. W. Wight exhibited much coolness and courage. Lieutenant Dempsey was conspicuous for his gallantry in the charge across Willoughby's Run. Lieutenant Hutton was near me when I was wounded, and it was mainly through his assistance that I got off the field. His conduct was all that could be desired. Captains Hoyt and Gordon and Lieutenants Farland, Dodsley, Sprague, Witherspoon, Norton, Buhl, Earnshaw and Whiting, all acquitted themselves honorably.

The historian of the regiment will narrate the heroic conduct of the brave sergeants and corporals who were killed. Sergeant-Major Connor was conspicuous for his bravery and was severly wounded. Sergeant Haigh of Company D was suffering from a wound received at Fitzhugh Crossing, but went into this battle and was severely wounded. He deserves mention for his bravery. Captain Edwards says of Sergeant Bucklin and Corporal Evans, killed on the field : "They were distinguished in camp for the purity of their lives, and in the field for unflinching courage." This is high praise and well bestowed. Captain Burchell says of Corporals Dwyer and Carroll of B: "They were efficient and brave men.” Captain Witherspoon, himself a brave soldier, commends highly the gallantry of Sergeant Pomeroy. Being too severely wounded to handle a gun he tore cartridges for his more fortunate comrades.

First Sergeant William Nagle was wounded near me. His conduct was brave to temerity. Captain Farland speaks in high terms of Sergeant Eberle and Corporals Rounds, Sterling and Strong. It affords me pleasure to bear witness to the bravery of the latter. Sergeant Eberle continued to fight after being twice wounded. Private George Klink of Company F acquitted himself finely.

Surgeons Beech, Collar and Towar were devoted and untiring in their attendance to the wounded. Of Dr. Beech, it may truly be said that no surgeon rendered more valuable service at Gettysburg. Chaplain Way was early in attendance at hospitals and rendered valuable services. He remained several weeks after the battle and both officers and men speak in the highest praise of his efficiency.

EXTRACT FROM THE WASHINGTON HERALD.

The following conversation occurred at a Washington Hotel with Colonel Bachelder, the historian of the Battle of Gettysburg. Said Colonel Bachelder:

This jostling crowd little realize that those two gentlemen in conversation yonder (pointing to Senator Gordon, of Georgia, and General Morrow, of the United States Army), were prominent actors on opposite sides at the battle of Gettysburg.

Colonel Morrow commanded the Twenty-fourth Michigan which belonged to the famous Iron Brigade. It was with this Brigade that General Reynolds was killed, and it was Colonel Morrow's regiment which enveloped the flank of Archer's Brigade. The sanguinary character of the engagement of the Twenty-fourth Michigan will be better realized when it is known that out of four hundred and ninety-six men and officers, three hundred and sixteen were placed hors de combat, losing nine color bearers killed and wounded and all the color guard, after which Colonel Morrow took the flag and was struck by a ball on the top of his head, the blood from which covered his face. While washing it away he found his retreat cut off.

Late on the Third day, Colonel Morrow allowed Mrs. Judge Wills, whose guest he was, to tie a green scarf (a surgeon's insignia) about him. He then sallied out and soon met General Gordon and staff. Saluting he said, "General, I am informed that our wounded of the first day's battle lie uncared for where they fell and I ask your assistance in having them attended to."

"You astonish me," answered the General, and turning to a surgeon said, "Is this so, and if so why is it?" The surgeon assured him that the wounded of both armies had been cared for alike, but that they had been unable to visit that extreme part of the field. Turning to Colonel Morrow, General Gordon said: "Doctor, I will give you a detail of ambulances this evening to bring in your wounded."

At nightfall, Colonel Morrow started with a train of twelve ambulances with Confederate drivers, for that part of the field where the battle opened. It was a weird sight, that long train of army nurses, as by the fitful light of a half-clouded moon, made more obscure by the lanterns they bore, this party threaded its way among the blackened and swollen corpses. The moans and cries for assistance and water were heartrending. Some were delirious and talked of home and friends and wondered that they neglected them so long, while others, in their wild delirium cheered on their comrades as they fought over in imagination the terrible battle. By midnight they were tenderly borne away to receive the care they so much needed.

ON CULP'S HILL.- - CAPTAIN EDWARDS' ADdress.

The ninety and nine of the regiment that rallied around the flag on Culp's Hill the evening of the first day's fight, bivouacked there for the night, pondering over the terrible reality that they were but a fifth part of the regiment that so happily camped but six miles away the night before. Alas, many a soldier's diary was cut off by this day's awful events. The next morning the survivors hastily intrenched themselves, and their line of breastworks on the brow of Culp's Hill, built nearly twenty-eight years ago, still remains. During this and the following day, the regiment, with the Iron Brigade, supported a battery which was playing upon the enemy from near where they lay. We would gladly give the names of those who were with the flag the evening of the first day, but cannot do so accurately. Captain A. M. Edwards issued the following to the men:

CULP'S HILL, July 2, 1863. — All the field officers of this regiment having been wounded, and the senior captains killed or wounded, I hereby assume command. In thus being called to this responsible position, as little desired as expected, I

congratulate you, brave soldiers, upon your splendid achievements of July 1, a single Division holding in check an entire army corps, the flower of the Southern army, an achievement of which you may well feel proud. The enemy's dead in front of your lines attest your valor and skill. Again have you merited a nation's gratitude; again have you shown yourselves worthy of the noble State you represent and the glorious cause for which you are fighting.

Our joy in the glory of our arms is mingled with sadness for the heroic dead on the field of honor. Let the memory of our lamented comrades inspire your hearts with new life and zeal to emulate their heroic virtues and avenge their untimely fall. A thousand hearts are beating for you to-day in your own loved Michigan, and thousands of eyes are looking anxiously for the records of your gallant deeds. Let that record be as pure, as noble, and as heroic in the future as in the past, and a redeemed and purified land will bless your names and hold them in sweet remembrance.

On the following day, July 3, the fragments of the regiment were formed in four battalion companies, as follows:

(1.) A and F under Captain William W. Wight.
(2.) D, I and C under Leiutenant John Witherspoon.
(3.) H, E and K under Lieutenant Edwin E. Norton.
(4.) G and B under Capt William Hutchinson.

The regiment remained on Culp's Hill during the terrible struggles of the second and third days of the battle. It was not actively engaged except to hold back the enemy from occupying Culp's Hill. At nine o'clock Sunday morning, July 5, it moved to the left near the scene of Pickett's charge where it halted until six o'clock the next morning.

CHAPTER X.

AFTER GETTYSBURG-1863.

PURSUIT AND ESCAPE OF LEE-VALUE OF INTRENCHMENTS.

B

Y THE morning of July 6, the Union army was well under way in pursuit of Lee. At an early hour the Iron Brigade was on the march amid a heavy rain storm. A march of eleven miles brought it to the hills east of Emmitsburg and

soon after the Twenty-fourth went on picket.

Moving at daylight on the 7th, it passed through Emmitsburg where it found the Sixth Corps asleep, having just arrived after an all night's march. Moving forward on the Pike through Franklinsville, Mechanicstown and Catoctin Furnace it halted at Lewiston for dinner, and then turning short to the right, followed up a very rocky branch of the Monocacy. By a steep, narrow, stony path, practicable only for infantry and packmules, but dry and shady, the Iron Brigade passed over the Catoctin Mountain and through Hamburg on the summit. The men were frequently obliged to march in single file, so stretching the line that a halt of several hours was made to get closed up. A better road was found on the western slope. The view from the mountain top was most beautiful. They moved five miles up the Middletown valley to Bellsville, and camped, weary and tired, after a twenty-four mile tramp.

Wednesday, July 8. The march was resumed at an early hour in a drenching rain, by the Boonsboro Pike, through Middletown. A halt was made at 11 o'clock for dinner, a warm sun permitting the men to dry their tents and blankets, it having rained almost every day for two weeks. Moving on at three o'clock, the Iron Brigade passed over South Mountain by the National Road, (a macadamized way which winds its course about abrupt peaks and along the steep gorges of the mountain) over the same route it passed in the autumn of 1862, and bivouacked on its western slope near the foot, a mile east of Boonsboro, in the edge of some woods overlooking the Antietam battlefield. During the afternoon, our Michigan cavalry brigade

engaged the enemy in this vicinity. They hovered on Lee's flanks and inflicted heavy losses on his train.

Thursday the 9th, was spent in camp while the rest of the army continued to pour over the mountain, and the clatter of artillery wheels rolled along the road. The material and force of a large army were pouring out in yonder fields. The game of war went on with determination on one side and desperation on the other.

Friday, July 10. At an early hour the Iron Brigade moved on through Boonsboro to about two miles of Funkstown, and threw up intrenchments east of the Pike, half a mile from Beaver Creek. Sneers at the "spade" may affect the morale of a General, but no troops can afford to discard this element in war. The Roman soldiers never retired to sleep without first securing themselves with an intrenchment of earth. A remarkable strength is added to an army by an hour's work, in thus improvising shelter against the foe. A rail fence properly disposed, and covered with a few shovelfuls of earth, doubles the defence of the troops as well as gives strength to their confidence. Behind their barricade the men lay till Sunday noon, July 12, when they marched to the right, halting half an hour or so at Beaver Creek village; thence to the left to the Pike at Funkstown where it crossed Antietam Creek, formed a line of battle supporting a brigade of Maryland troops, in right of the enemy's lines, and again threw up earthworks.

For ten days Colonel Morrow had tried to do duty with the regiment, but his wound became too troublesome in the hot weather marches, and on the 14th he left for home for needed restoration, leaving Captain Edwards in command.

For a week past our army had been rolling over the mountains, drawing its folds closer around the retreating army. Many in the North still seemed to think that Meade's army should have annihilated it. It had won a great victory in defeating and turning back the invaders, but the opposing armies were too nearly equal, both before and after the Gettysburg battle, for either to destroy the other. Our victory had cost us too dearly to be rash. Like wounded lion, the invader pushed his way back along his line of retreat, turning at bay to confront his pursuers when pressing him too hard.

Under cover of very strong intrenchments near the Potomac, the enemy withdrew across that stream at midnight of July 13, leaving 2,000 men as a rear guard, who were captured, and their commander, General Pettigrew, killed. It was this brigade to which belonged the