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СПАРТTER X.

СНАРТЕER XI.

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General character of the military events of the year 1862.-The Confederate situation

in Kentucky.-Gen. A. S. Johnston's command and position.--Battle of Fishing

Creek. The Confederate right in Kentucky.—Gen. Crittenden's command in ex-

treme straits.-Difficulty in subsisting it.-The decision to give battle to the

enemy. Zollicoffer's brigade.-The contested hill.-Death of Zollicoffer.--Defeat

of the Confederates.-Crittenden crosses the Cumberland.-His losses.-Import-

ance of the disaster.-Designs of the enemy in Western Kentucky.-Popular de-

lusion as to Johnston's strength.-Hopelessness of his defence.-Official apathy in

Richmond.-Beauregard's conference with Johnston.-The Tennessee and Cumber-

land rivers.-The avenue to Nashville.-Grant's ascent of the Tennessee.-Cap-

ture of Fort Henry.-Noble and gallant conduct of Gen. Tilghman.-Battle of Fort

Donelson.-Johnston's reasons for making a battle there.--Commands of Buckner,

Pillow, and Floyd.-Site and strength of the fort.-Battle of the trenches.-En-

gagement of the gunboats.-Two days' success of the Confederates.-Suffering of

the troops from cold.-Exposure of the wounded.-Federal reinforcements.-The

Confederate council of war.-Plan of attack, to extricate the garrison.-A fierce

and terrible conflict.-The Federals forced back towards the Wynn's Ferry Road.

-The opportunity of exit lost.-Gen. Buckner's explanation.-A commentary

on military hesitation.-How the day was lost.-Nine hours of combat-Scenes

on the battle-field.-Council of Confederate generals.-Gen. Pillow's proposition.-

Literal report of the conversation of Gens. Floyd, Pillow, and Buckner.-A sur-

render determined.-Escape of Floyd and Pillow.--Buckner's letter to Grant.-

Johnston's movement to Nashville.-Excitement there.-Retreat of Johnston's

command to Murfreesboro'.-Panic in Nashville.-Capture of Roanoke Island by the

enemy.-Burnside's expedition.-Gen. Wise's estimate of the importance of Roan-

oke Island. His correspondence and interviews with Secretary Benjamin.-De-

fences of the Island.--Naval engagement.-Commodore Lynch's squadron.-Land-

ing of the enemy on the Island.-Defective reconnoissance of the Confederates.-

Their works flanked.-The surrender.-Pursuit of the Confederate gunboats.-

Extent of the disaster.-Censure of the Richmond authorities.-Benjamin accused

by the Confederate Congress....
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disasters. Inauguration of the Permanent Government of the Confederate States.—

Gloomy scene in Capitol Square.-President Davis' speech.-Commentary of a

Richmond journal.-Causes of popular animation in the Confederacy.-Develop-

ment of the enemy's design upon slavery.-History of the Anti-slavery measures

of Lincoln's administration.-His early declaration of non-interference with sla-

very. Mr. Seward in 1860.-Lincoln's statement, March 4th, 1861.-Diplomatic

declaration, April, 1861.-Early affectations of Lincoln's Administration on the

subject of slavery.-M'Clellan's address.-M'Dowell's order.-Revocation of the

emancipation measures of Fremont and Hunter.-First act of Anti-slavery legisla-

tion at Washington.-Lovejoy's resolution.-The Anti-slavery clause in the Confis-

cation Act.-Three notable measures of anti-slavery legislation.-Commencement

of the Emancipation policy in the District of Columbia.+Explanation of the ascen-

dancy of the Abolition party during the war.-The new Confederate Congress.—

Its vigour. The old Provisional Congress.-Its measures.-Its echoes to Federal

legislation. The sequestration law.-Silly and demagogical military legislation.-

The "Sixty Days' furlough" law.-Alarm of Gen. Johnston.-Indisposition of

Confederate volunteers to re-enlist.-The Conscription law of the Confederate

States. Its timely passage.-Its provisions and effect.-Other military acts of the

Confederate Congress.-Re-organization of the army. Destruction of Southern

cotton and tobacco.Authorization of partisan service.-Alternations of Confede-

rate victory and defeat.-The Trans-Mississippi.-Battle of Elk Horn.-Van Dorn's

command.—An obstinate fight.-Death of M'Culloch.-The Confederate success

indecisive and imperfect.-Reasons for Van Dorn's retreat.-Confederate designs

upon Missouri abandoned for the present.-Transfer of Van Dorn's and Price's

forces.-Naval fight in Hampton Roads.-The Virginia and the Monitor-Lack of

naval enterprise in the Confederacy.-The privateer service.-Construction of the

Virginia. Confederate squadron in the James River.-Federal fleet off Fortress

Monroe. Fearful enterprise of the Virginia.-Sinking of the Cumberland.— Gal-

lantry of her crew.-A thrilling ccene of heroic devotion.—Surrender of the Con-

gress.-Frightful scenes of carnage.-Perfidious conduct of the enemy.-The

Virginia engages the Minnesota. - Wonderful results of the first day's fight.—

Second day's fight.-Apparition of the Monitor.-A singular scene of naval com-

bat.-A drawn battle.-Excitement about iron vessels.-Discussion in the news-

papers.-Addition of Ironclads to the Federal navy.-What M'Clellan thought of

the Virginia.-Capture of Newbern, &c.-Objects of Burnside's expedition.-

Branch's command at Newbern.-The Confederate works on the Neuse River.-

Retreat of Branch.-Federal occupation of Newbern.-Capture of Fort Macon.-

The entire coast of North Carolina in possession of the enemy.-The sea-coast

an unimportant part of the Confederate defences..

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The military situation of the lower Mississippi.-The fall of New Orleans.-A long

train of secret history of the Confederate Administration.-Sense of security in

New Orleans.-Strange errour of the Richmond authorities.-Gen. Lovell's corres-

pondence with the War Department.-Startling disclosures.-Naval structures for

the defence of New Orleans.-Secretary Mallory's statement to the Confederate

Congress.-Testimony of Gov. Moore, of Louisiana.-His interposition with the ship-

builders. The ironclads Mississippi and Louisiana.-Condition of the defences of

New Orleans in April, 1862.—The river obstructed by a raft.-Farragut's fleet at

the mouth of the Mississippi.-Festivity in New Orleans.-Bombardment of Forts

Jackson and St. Philip.-Passage of the forts by the enemy's vessels.-The Con-

federate gunboats all destroyed.-Confusion and panic in New Orleans.-Great

conflagration in the city.-A scene of terrible grandeur.-Lovell's evacuation of

New Orleans.-Disorder in New Orleans.-Farragut's correspondence with Mayor

Monroe. Why the Mayor protracted the correspondence.-A new hope of de-

fence. Surrender of Forts Jackson and St. Philip.--Gen. Duncan's speech on

the Levee.-Farragut's ultimatum.-Hoisting of the Stars and Stripes over New

Orleans.-What the fall of New Orleans involved.--Note:--Gen. Lovell's reasons

for evacuating New Orleans.-Rule of Butler in the conquered city.-Character

and person of "The Tyrant of New Orleans."-" The woman-order."-Arrest of

Mayor Monroe and of various citizens.-Butler on female secessionists.--His

opinion of "she-adders."--Confiscation, fines, and plunder. -Butler's decoy for

assassins.-The hanging of Mumford. His speech on the gallows.-General ex-

perience in the Confederacy of the enemy's atrocity.-New codes and methods

of war.-Progress of Federal cruelty.....

rations for retreat.-How it was accomplished.-M'Clellan's advance.-Discovery

of Johnston's evacuation of Manassas and Centreville.-He crosses the Rappahan-

nock and waits for the enemy. He penetrates M'Clellans's designs.-Federal

council of war at Fairfax Court-house.-Shifting of the scenes of war in Virginia.

-The Battle of Kernstown.-How "Stonewall" Jackson came to fight this battle.

-Great numerical superiourity of the enemy.-The contest at the Stone Fence.—

Jackson falls back to Cedar Creek.—Magruder's line on the Peninsula.—A fearful

crisis. M'Clellan held in check by eleven thousand Confederates.-Outwitted again

by Johnston.-Retreat of the Confederates up the Peninsula.-Strategic merit of the

movement. Battle of Williamsburg.-Longstreet's division engaged.-Success of

the Confederates.-M'Clellan's whole army in peril.-His flank movement on

Johnston's retreat.-Engagement at Barhamsville.-The line of the Chickahominy.

Johnston's brilliant strategy.-Evacuation of Norfolk.-Destruction of the Virginia.

-Her last challenge to the enemy.-A galling spectacle.-Commodore Tatnall

orders her destruction.-A court of inquiry.-Naval engagement at Drewry's

Bluff. A feeble barrier to Richmond.-Repulse of the Federal fleet.-What it

proved.-M'Clellan's investment of the line of the Chickahominy.-Defences of

Richmond.-Scenes around the Federal capital.-Alarm and excitement of its

people. The exodus from Richmond.-Public meeting in the City Hall.-Noble

resolution of the Legislature of Virginia.-Re-animation of the people and the

authorities.-President Davis' early opinion of the effect of the fall of Richmond.

-Appeals of the Richmond press.-Jackson's campaign in the Valley of Virginia.—

Jackson determines on the aggressive.-Disposition of the Federal forces west of

the Blue Ridge.-Affair at M'Dowell.-Jackson deceives Banks-Surprises his

rear-guard at Front Royal.-Banks' race to Winchester.-Scenes of retreat through

Winchester.-Banks' quick time to the Potomac.-Extent of Jackson's success.—

Fruits of two days' operations of the Confederates.-Jackson passes between the

columns of Fremont and Shields.-Death of Turner Ashby.--Jackson's tribute to

him.-Battles of Cross Keys and Port Republic.-Ewell defeats Fremont.-The

field of Port Republic.-Ewell's arrival saves the day.-Critical and splendid

action of two Virginia regiments.-Close of the Valley campaign.--Jackson's

almost marvellous success. His halt at Weyer's Cave.....

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