very generally recognized by students of politics, may have given rise to the suggestion that a book should be written on the American executive. At all events, the volume prepared by President Finley and Mr. Sanderson answers many questions that would naturally arise in any discussion of executive power. Although a large part of the book is naturally and properly devoted to the State executives, there are chapters on the President, the Cabinet, the Civil Service, the executive departments, and the powers of the federal Government in relation to war and foreign relations.

The Passing of the Tariff. By Raymond L. Bridgman. Boston: Sherman, French & Co. 272 pp. $1.20.

Mr. Bridgman seems to be thoroughly convinced that the tariff has not come to stay, but to "pass." Perhaps our readers should be reminded that the "passing of the tariff," as employed by Mr. Bridgman, refers not to any legislation by Congress but to the actual disappearance of tariffs from the economic world. He makes no effort, therefore, to reargue the old question, but writes for the purpose of encouraging a general onslaught on tariff schedules all along the line and to reiterate the battle cry "Carthage must be destroyed!" Several of the chapters of Mr. Bridgman's present volume appeared first as magazine articles.

TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.

W. R. Ogilvie-Grant, to explore and investigate from the standpoint of the naturalist the region of the Mountains of the Moon, now known as Ruwenzori. To Mr. Wollaston was intrusted the task of writing the story of the expedition. Starting from Mombassa the naturalists proceeded by the Uganda Railroad to Lake Victoria Nyanza, and then by slow stages (a large part of the way on foot) through Uganda province into the Congo Free State, and, reaching the Congo River, down that mighty stream in canoes to the sea. The main part of the book, however, is taken up with a description of the experiences and observations of the trip from Ruwenzori to the Congo River. The author is full of enthusiasm for his subject. Africa, he says in his preface, quoting one of Dickens' characters, may be a beast," but, he adds," she agreeable and sometimes even dangerous to body is a beast of many and varied moods, often disand soul, and yet with an attraction which can hardly be resisted." Mr. Wollaston is enthu siastic over the economic progress of the contithe Uganda Railroad had "completely changed Even when he wrote (four years ago), the face of a great part of equatorial Africa," a statement which receives confirmation in the article by Mr. Adams which we print on anthe fact that this expedition, in the first stage other page this month. It is interesting to note of its trip, proceeded over much the same route as that which will be taken by President Roosevelt and his party within a few weeks from the

nent.

This entertainingly written volume is the story of the expedition sent out by the British Museum in 1905, under the leadership of Mr.

A PADDLER OF THE AFRICAN LAKE REGION IN WHICH MR. ROOSEVELT WILL DO HIS HUNTING. (Illustration from Wollaston's "From Ruwenzori to the Congo.")

Aerial Warfare. By R. P. Hearne. New York: John Lane Company. 237 pp., ill. $2.50.

The writer of this careful and impressive volume believes that in the next great European war, which he fears is not many years off,airships and flying-machines will play a conspicuous part. With this view Sir Hiram Maxim, who writes the introductory chapter, is in full accord. Sir Hiram warns the British Government that it should be ready for what is inevitable. Incidentally, he highly commends the flying-machines of the Wright Brothers. He declares that they are "infinitely superior" to any of the French machines.

REFERENCE BOOKS.

Who's Who 1909. Macmillan. 2112 pp. $2.50. Who's Who in New York. New York: L. R. Hammersly & Co. 1414 pp. $5.

The English "Who's Who," the original of all the increasing series of biographical handbooks appearing under this name or a variation of it, continues to maintain its high reputation and to sustain its high level of accuracy, thoroughness, and accessibility. The volume for 1909 is the sixty-first edition. It is one of those reference books without which, it may be said with truth, no library is complete or even useful. "Who's Who in New York was first issued in 1900, the present being the fourth biennial edition. It is edited by John W. Leonard. The Standard Bible Dictionary. Edited by M. W. Jacobus. Funk & Wagnalls Company. 920 pp., ill. $6.

This reference work enters a new field in being strictly a dictionary of the Bible and not of

any speculations about or comments on the Bible. It is, moreover, in one volume, excellently printed, with typographical arrangement that makes it very easy of reference. The publishers claim that it has been prepared "from the standpoint of reverent criticism and evangelical faith," and that it aims to present "in convenient form the facts found in the Scriptures, including a treatment of history contemporary with Israel." The editors claim, moreover, that matters in which the interpretation of Scripture is involved and which are subjects of critical controversy are "treated with a serious and impartial scholarship." Even a cursory examination of the pages of this book by a layman would seem to bear out these modest claims of the publishers and editors. The typographical arrangement and the scheme of illustration is, we think, especially to be commended. The editor-in-chief, Dr. M. W. Jacobus, is dean of Harvard Theological Seminary. In the preparation of this work he has been assisted by Dr. Edward E. Nourse, of Harvard Theological Seminary, and Dr. Andrew C. Zenos, professor of ecclesiastical history in McCormick Theological Seminary, Chicago. The sub-title of the volume announces that it is designed as a "comprehensive guide to the Scriptures, embracing their languages, history, biography, manners and customs, and their theology." The Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol. IV. Edited by Dr. Charles G. Herbermann. New York: Robert Appleton & Co. 799 pp., ill. $6. We have had occasion in former notices of volumes already issued of this scholarly work to commend the thorough scholarship and judicial fairness of the treatment accorded subjects coming under the editors' consideration. The present volume contains subjects in alphabetical order, from Clandestinity" to 'Diocesan Chancery." There are a number of excellent maps and full-page illustrations. The editors attempt, they tell us in their prospectus,-and we admit that they succeed in so doing,-to set forth in a lucid, comprehensive, fair, and interesting style facts about the constitution, doctrine, discipline, and history of the Catholic Church as necessary to the layman as to the erudition of the scholar."

A FEW RECENT NOVELS.

SOME FORMS OF THE CROSS IN CHRISTIAN ART. 1, Latin; 2, Calvary; 3 and 4, Anchor; 5, Patriarchal; 6, Papal; 7, Patée; 8, Maltese; 9 and 19, Moline; 10, 11, and 12, Tau; 13 and 28, Fylfot (28, Crux Gammata or Swastika); 14, Quarter Pierced; 15, Greek; 16, Quarterly Pierced; 17, Fleurie; 18, Patonce; 20, Fleurette; 21, Engrailed; 22, Ragulée; 23, Quadrate; 24, Saltire (Crux Decussata); 25, Botonnée; 26, Pommée; 27, Potent; 28, Crux Gam

mata or Swastika; 29, Fourchée; 30, Urdée; 31,

Crosslet; 32, Fitchée; 33, Recercelée; 34, Pointed; 35, Wavy; 36, Cross of Iona; 37 and 38, from the Catacombs; 39 and 40, from the Catacombs (monoCatholic Encyclograms of Christ).-From the pedia," Vol. IV.

"omnipotent beauty" of woman which dominates every one of Mr. Hough's 400 pages. The illustrations are by Arthur I. Keller, and the volume is dedicated to President Roosevelt.

A rapidly moving story, full of action and stirring the blood like the call of a trumpet, this tale of the days of Calhoun and Polk, of the days before the war with Mexico, and of the early American treks across the plains to Oregon, is well worth reading. It is crowded with incident and historical allusion, somewhat too crowded in places, and rather loosely constructed from the standpoint of the mechanics of novel-writing. There is, however, a very live, vital, and attractive woman in it, who for the love of a man already betrothed to another helps that sad, mysterious, and little-known character in American history, John C. Calhoun, to "best" Lord Pakenham, the British ambassador, and save Oregon for the Union. There are good, fascinating, virile men in the story, but it is the power, charm, versatility, and

PP. $1.25.

This novel, like all others by the same author, is extremely simple in construction and commonplace in incident, but it is nevertheless a fine delineation of the "glory of consecration' exemplified in the life of a young girl of the common people in France. The author hangs his story on a rather slender plot, but he is deft and convincing in his delineation of the character of the young girl who is the heroine, and it is in the development of this character that the book impresses one as a masterpiece of its kind. Henriette Madiot is a young French milliner's apprentice who embodies all the charming qualities of the French feminine type and develops a saint-like character without a trace of maudlin sentimentality, which is a very fine thing in modern novel writing. The translation, by Dr. A. S. Rappoport, while in

66

the main well done, does not flow as smoothly as might be wished. The title of the book in the original is De Toute Son Ame." The Riverman. By Stuart Edward White. Doubleday, Page & Co. 368 pp. $1.50. This is a fine, vigorous, virile story of logging on a Michigan river. The hero, a river boss, is induced to join in a company to handle all the logs produced in a section of northern Michigan. His adventures in miniature trust-making and in getting his "goods" to market are described with strength. There is a good deal of local color and atmosphere, and, of course, at least one charming woman. It must be admit

ted that Mr. White's literary style leaves something to be desired, but he almost atones for this lack by its virility and movement.

The Firing Line: By Robert W. Chambers. Appletons. 450 pp., ill. $1.50.

This story, in the traditional Chambers style, is set at Palm Beach. It is a love drama interspersed with description of bits of tropical scenery. There is considerable humor and lively dialogue, but those who admired Mr. Chambers' former novel, "The Fighting Chance," will not find this later one a better story or more finished piece of writing.

Maurice Guest. By Henry Handel Richardson. Duffield & Co. 562 pp. $1.50.

This novel deals with the trials and temptations in the life of musical students in Germany. Maurice Guest, the hero, is a young Englishman who is studying in Leipsic. His experiences and adventures are presumably typical of those which are likely to fall to the lot of the average young foreigner who goes to the German musical center to study, providing he has, as will no doubt be the case, a sentimental mind

and an ambitious nature.

Interplay. By Beatrice Harraden. New York: Frederick A. Stokes Company. 384 pp. $1.50. The central idea of this story is rather a fresh one. An unhappily married woman elopes with a lover, but her husband refuses to divorce her until the lover's death. There is a good deal of moralizing and much sprightly wit embroidered around the general theme, which is that of equal morality for men and women. There is discussion of all the woman questions," including the suffrage right. The Gates of Life. By Bram Stoker. York: Cupples & Leon Company. 332 PP.

75 cents.

New

This is the life story of a young woman who tries the working value of the theory "that the wrecking of many lives may be avoided by a woman's taking the initiative in the momentous question of marriage proposals." The construction and style are melodramatic, and it is safe

to say that in his novels Mr. Stoker has generally done better than this.

Tono-Bungay. By H. G. Wells. Duffield & Co. 460 pp. $1.50.

Readers of the romances, essays, and scientific studies from the pen of that prolific English writer, Mr. H. G. Wells, would hardly expect him to write a novel centered in the fortunes of an up-to-date patent medicine promoter. Yet this is what Mr. Wells has done, and he seems to wish to have the work regarded as his most serious attempt at novel writing. His publishers state that the book was begun some years ago and that its composition has occupied all of the intervening time not given up to other work, which, if one may judge from the long list of Mr. Wells' recent publications, may not after all have been very much in the aggregate. Those who take up "Tono-Bungay" will be quite likely to read it through and they will find it a vivacious English novel of the familiar type, dealing with the life of to-day. The Money-Changers. By Upton Sinclair. New York: B. W. Dodge & Co. 316 pp. $1.50.

The history of the panic of 1907 has been many times related and no two of the historians seem to agree in assigning the precise cause of that financial disturbance. The mere matter of non-agreement, however, does not make the experts any the less sure of their ground. Mr.

Upton Sinclair, who actually saw the panic modus operandi in his story manufactured by Wall Street, explains the The MoneyChangers.' Mr. Sinclair has spared no pains to assist the wayfaring reader, however dull of comprehension, in identifying the leading figures in his story with the financial magnates of the metropolis. So many familiar details culled from the yellow journals crowd Mr. Sinclair's pages that almost any New York newsboy would be able to designate the particular men of

the Street" whom Mr. Sinclair singles out as the chief conspirators in the machinations that brought about our last panic. Indeed, one sometimes fails to see why it is necessary to cast this material in novel form at all, since it has already been exploited so extensively by the daily

press.

The Well in the Desert. By Adeline Knapp. Century Company. 329 pp. $1.50.

This is a story of the far Southwest, and the best part of it is a description of the desert,— the real American desert that is known only certain other adventurous spirits, few of whom by the persistent seekers of mining claims and have had the literary skill to make known their discoveries to the world. This Sahara of our Southwest has its oases and its interesting animal life. Among the strange four-footed beasts that figure in Miss Knapp's story is one of the famous camels that were shipped to Arizona while Jeff Davis was Secretary of War.